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Hotspots and bottlenecks for the enhancement of the environmental sustainability of pig systems, with emphasis on European pig systems
Get PDFAlthough pig systems start from a favourable baseline of environmental impact compared to other livestock systems, there is still scope to reduce their emissions and further mitigate associated impacts, especially in relation to nitrogen and phosphorous emissions. Key environmental impact hotspots of pig production systems are activities associated with feed production and manure management, as well as direct emissions (such as methane) from the animals and energy use. A major contributor to the environmental impacts associated with pig feed is the inclusion of soya in pig diets, especially since European pig systems rely heavily on soya imported from areas of the globe where crop production is associated with significant impacts of land use change, deforestation, carbon emissions, and loss of biodiversity. The “finishing” pig production stage contributes most to these environmental impacts, due to the amount of feed consumed, the efficiency with which feed is utilised, and the amount of manure produced during this stage. By definition therefore, any substantial improvements pig system environmental impact would arise from changes in feed production and manure management. In this paper, we consider potential solutions towards system environmental sustainability at these pig system components, as well as the bottlenecks that inhibit their effective implementation at the desired pace and magnitude. Examples include the quest for alternative protein sources to soya, the limits (perceived or real) to the genetic improvement of pigs, and the implementation of alternative manure management strategies, such as production of biogas through anaerobic digestion. The review identifies and discusses areas that future efforts can focus on, to further advance understanding around the potential sustainability benefits of modifications at various pig system components, and key sustainability trade-offs across the environment—economy—society pillars associated with synergistic and antagonistic effects when joint implementation of multiple solutions is considered. In this way, the review opens a discussion to facilitate the development of holistic decision support tools for pig farm management that account for interactions between the “feed * animal * manure” system components and trade-offs between sustainability priorities (e.g., environmental vs economic performance of pig system; welfare improvements vs environmental impacts).Porcine Health Managemen
Enabling real-time collaborative decision-making between airport and surface transport operations
Get PDFCurrent developments in collaborative decision-making in the air transport context are restricted to airport and air traffic management operations and stakeholders, disregarding the relevance of airport access and egress in the door-to-door journey for passengers. This paper summarises the IMHOTEP (Integrated Multimodal Airport Operations for Efficient Passenger Flow Management) concept of operations, which extends Airport Collaborative Decision-Making implementations by incorporating surface access. Enhanced situational awareness achieved by extending the monitoring of passenger flows beyond the airport boundaries improve resource allocation and last-minute capacity utilization. It also facilitates the identification of passenger connectivity requirements in terms of links to ground services.Transportation Research Procedi
Thermal management challenges in hybrid-electric propulsion aircraft
Get PDFThe utilization of hybrid electric propulsion concept in aviation offers a viable solution to address the limitations posed by the relatively low energy density of batteries in fully electric aviation. These hybrid systems enable the aircraft to achieve a significant range while simultaneously minimizing carbon emissions. While the individual components of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) system, such as electric motors and batteries, are designed with high efficiency, their integration presents a significant challenge in the realm of thermal management. Designing an efficient system for managing the substantial waste heat generated by heat sources and effectively transferring it to heat sinks during various flight phases is a complex task. This challenge becomes even more critical as the design must adhere to system weight limits and prioritize aviation safety considerations. In this review article, we performed a systematic review of the challenges related to the key elements in a thermal management system. These elements encompass every component or subsystem that contributes to the thermal management of a generic hybrid-electric propulsion system. This includes electric motors and generators, batteries, heat exchangers, power transmission systems, power distribution systems, storages, fuel cells, cooling fluids and pipes, control system, pumps and fans. Following the identification of the challenges, the paper provides a comprehensive summary of the existing solutions that have been offered and pursued by the community to address the challenges. Furthermore, the paper also discusses emerging technologies related to each element, highlighting their potential in overcoming these challenges.Progress in Aerospace Science
Advancing hydrogen: a closer look at implementation factors, current status and future potential
Get PDFThis review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen landscape, outlining the imperative for enhanced hydrogen production, implementation, and utilisation. It places the question of how to accelerate hydrogen adoption within the broader context of sustainable energy transitions and international commitments to reduce carbon emissions. It discusses influencing factors and policies for best practices in hydrogen energy application. Through an in-depth exploration of key factors affecting hydrogen implementation, this study provides insights into the complex interplay of both technical and logistical factors. It also discusses the challenges of planning, constructing infrastructure, and overcoming geographical constraints in the transition to hydrogen-based energy systems. The drive to achieve net-zero carbon emissions is contingent on accelerating clean hydrogen development, with blue and green hydrogen poised to complement traditional fuels. Public–private partnerships are emerging as catalysts for the commercialisation of hydrogen and fuel-cell technologies, fostering hydrogen demonstration projects worldwide. The anticipated integration of clean hydrogen into various sectors in the coming years signifies its importance as a complementary energy source, although specific applications across industries remain undefined. The paper provides a good reference on the gradual integration of hydrogen into the energy landscape, marking a significant step forward toward a cleaner, greener future.Energie
Characterization of cannabis varieties and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting cannabis germination and seedling establishment: a descriptive review
Get PDFCannabis sativa L. is the utmost consumed, grown, and produced illicit drug worldwide. The psychotropic activity of the component (-)-trans-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), however, led to the banning of cannabis worldwide for many centuries. Besides being the most popular crop for recreational purposes, cannabis is grown globally as a multifunctional agricultural crop for its oily seeds and long, durable fibers. These properties have led to cannabis application in various industries, including agriculture, textile, bio-composite, papermaking, automotive, construction, and biofuel. Furthermore, medicinal cannabis constitutes of high concentration of cannabinoids, which have been discovered relevant in the pharmaceutical industry. As a result, various countries worldwide have relaxed regulations on cannabis. However, the cannabis products’ final use depends on the cultivar. Yet, the crop has hundreds of cultivars owing to constant breeding and human selection, which has altered the original plant with the spread of the crop worldwide. Generally, these cultivars possess chemical composition that varies genetically, and with the growing environmental conditions. Therefore, the current descriptive review of literature highlights the techniques available for classifying cannabis varieties, given the ongoing debate over classifying cultivars into distinct taxonomic groups. The effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on cannabis germination and seedling establishment are also highlighted.Industrial Crops and Product
Airport Operation Frequency Analysis
No full textThis spreadsheet is the airport operation frequency analysis performed using data from EuroControl Onesky
Data supporting 'Non-stationary control of the NAO on European rainfall and its implications for water resource management'
No full text10-year window rolling correlation between NAOI and GPCC gridded rainfall data for Western Europe. Grid cells between -13-20° Longitude and 35-70° Latitude were used to represent Western Europe.Centre for Doctoral Training for Data, Risk and Environmental Analytical Methods (DREAM
C3 NCC2018_Valtola.pdf
No full textNEW RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE NITRATES Lauri Valtola, NAMM
Data supporting 'Two-dimensional perovskite functionalized fiber-type heterostructured scintillators'
No full textData used to produce the article "Two-dimensional perovskite functionalized fibre-type heterostructured scintillators" Data used to create the 2D histograms of charge (fig 2) and the CTR plots (fig 3)HETEROSTRUCTURE RADIATION DETECTOR MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TIME OF FLIGHT POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (TOF-PET) IMAGIN
P7 - Green Flow Nitration of Bacterial Cellulose.pdf
Get PDFGreen Flow Nitration of Bacterial Cellulose B, Nicol., Dr I, Wilson., Dr J-F, Pons. - Cranfield University 9th International Nitrocellulose Symposium - Poste