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Improving the likelihood of positive outcomes for survivors of sexual violence, considering intersections between justice, gender, and trauma
Get PDFThis paper explores the complex impacts of childhood abuse on survivors, emphasising how these experiences shape both individual and societal outcomes. It acknowledges the extensive and enduring effects of abuse, which extend beyond immediate physical and psychological harm to broader social and economic repercussions. The paper critically examines the difficulties of holding perpetrators accountable within the criminal justice system, where low reporting rates, high attrition, and re‐traumatization are significant challenges. Using a gendered lens, the analysis situates these issues within a broader social, cultural, and historical context, highlighting how abuse, particularly sexual abuse, is perceived and managed. A key focus is on the issue of disclosure, essential for survivors to access support and justice. However, disclosure is often hindered by fears of disbelief, stigma, and retaliation, which are exacerbated by socioeconomic factors. Even when support systems are available, low conviction rates and ongoing re‐victimisation significantly impede justice and healing, undermining the criminal justice system and support structures. The paper also discusses the wider implications of childhood abuse for public health, social services, and education. The trauma affects not only survivors' mental and physical health but also their ability to engage fully in society, impacting relationships, employment, and educational outcomes. These personal challenges lead to broader societal costs, including increased demand for healthcare and lost productivity. The paper advocates for an integrated approach that improves prevention, enhances safeguarding, and develops effective support systems, addressing both the immediate needs of survivors and systemic barriers to recovery and justice.Social Policy & Administratio
Towards real-time CFD: novel deep learning architecture for transonic wall-bounded flows
Get PDFLow order models can be used to accelerate engineering design processes. These surrogates should meet the conflicting requirements of large design space coverage, high accuracy and fast evaluation. Within the context of aerospace applications at transonic conditions, this can be challenging due to the associated non-linearity of the flow regime. This work develops a deep learning based method for flow-field prediction. It preserves the spatial resolution of the underlying data, which enables the resolution of the boundary layer. This is an advance relative to current state-of-the-art for transonic flows. The architecture is demonstrated for a complex problem of aero-engine nacelles. The prediction of the primitive flow variables is within a root mean square error of 6×10−5. The model is used to extract the nacelle drag, and its accuracy is about 6.8% relative to CFD computations. The overall method is an enabling and fast preliminary design capability with self-consistent data for multidisciplinary design studies.Innovate UK58th 3AF International Conference on Applied Aerodynamic
Positive during COVID‐19: women academics' strategies for flourishing during a pandemic
Get PDFThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to far‐reaching detrimental impacts, with challenges weighted toward women, who experience a double‐burden of paid work and care/domestic work. Professional lives were enacted in new spaces, as many were ordered to work from home. This was particularly testing for women, who found themselves servicing additional expectations each day, such as complex relational work and home‐schooling. For many, this caused stress, damage to career, and strained relationships. Yet, as women academics, we were surprised to see that some of our peers were reporting they had positive experiences during lockdowns. Drawing on interview data from 23 women academics based in the United Kingdom, we found that participants did not report damage to their professional identities; indeed, in some cases the pandemic provided new ways to expand academic identities, for example through skill development and international networking. Furthermore, participants reported the pandemic as a chance to choose how to focus their energies, withdrawing from relationships and activities that did not contribute to the achievement of the selves they sought to become and capitalising on those that did. This paper is therefore valuable in revealing the techniques and resources (narrative and otherwise) that can enable women to report positive experiences, even when facing adversity.Journal of Community and Applied Social Psycholog
Towards developing an indoor emissions inventory for the UK: challenges and future directions
No full textThe global attention on indoor air quality is progressively increasing as people spend ca. 80 to 90% of their lives indoors. Therefore, a substantial fraction of exposure to air pollution occurs in different indoor environments. However, there is a lack of information on how different time and activity dependent sources and built environment characteristics affect air pollutant emissions and their distribution. There is an urgent need to develop indoor emissions inventories to estimate the contribution of multiple and time-dependent sources and activities to air pollutant emissions. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of indoor air pollution research in the UK, categorises the published literature according to pollutant types, built environments and activities, provides an overview of typical levels of indoor air pollutants with a focus on UK-specific measurements and identifies the research gaps and future directions to progress towards developing indoor emission inventories. In the UK, researchers have investigated indoor air quality since the nineties producing many studies from different perspectives. However, a cohesive methodological approach is lacking in most of the studies. Several important sources/species are not represented, ancillary information relating to environment characteristics (volumes and ventilation) and occupants' behaviours during the measurements is not reported and too little information on the indoor–outdoor continuum is provided. Despite the gaps identified, the existing evidence base on indoor air pollution in the UK can be categorised in an easy-to-use database of indoor air pollutant concentrations and characteristic emission rates for specific activities, pollutants and environments. This will provide a platform for designing standardised approaches for indoor air quality measurements and the development of activity-based indoor emission inventories, which will be a step-change in indoor air pollution research in the UK and globally.Met Office, British Geological Survey, UK Research and Innovation, Natural Environment Research CouncilThis work was funded by the MetOffice/UKRI Clean Air pro gramme (Strategic Priorities Fund, SPF) through the grant “Indoor Air Quality Emissions and Modelling System (IAQ EMS)” and directly benefited from related activities and support from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/SPF grant “Air Pollution Solutions for Vulnerable Groups (CleanAir4V)” [grant number: NE/V002414/1].Environmental Science: Atmosphere
Data supporting "Set-Based Design Techniques for the Systematic and Interactive Exploration of Complex Product Evolvability”
No full textResults of the use case employed to demonstrate the methods developed in Section 4 of "Set-Based Design Techniques for the Systematic and Interactive Exploration of Complex Product Evolvability”. The dataset contains the required Multi Attribute Trade Space exploration values (cost and utility metrics for each aircraft under each different scenario) plus evolvability values for each pair of aircraft.While computational approaches to perform design exploration of product evolvability during conceptual design exist, these are often hindered by a lack of interactive methods and down-selection criteria that can reduce the number of design options when evolvability is considered. This paper presents computational techniques that address these limitations, introducing design filtering techniques that apply set-based design criteria for systematic down-selection of potential designs. In particular, the set-based design criteria of interval dominance, maximality, and E-admissibility were adapted for evolvability exploration studies. Additionally, a novel interactive filtering strategy, called ‘constrain and union’ is proposed to further narrow down the number of design options in an interactive manner. These methods were implemented in a computational tool, AirCADia, enabling rapid and interactive evolvability design space exploration. The use of these techniques is then demonstrated through their application to the evolvability investigation of design options for a future short-to-medium range environmentally friendly civil transport aircraft. Maximality and E-admissibility were shown to be particularly effective in reducing the far-future design space, which could guide the focus of designers on particular far-future technologies. On the other hand, the constrain and union strategy showed promise in filtering out both near- and far-future design options.Innovate U
Dataset for - Creating more viable safety recommendations by revising the Human Factors Intervention Matrix (HFIX)
No full textThe data file contains survey responses for N=11 participants. Sheet 1, columns 'I' to 'AD' are the participants' categorisation of the relevant causal factorfrom the TransAsia GE235 accident using HFACS methodology. Columns 'AE' to 'EJ' comprise the ratings of intervention approaches numbered from 1 to 20(F: Feasibility, A: Acceptability, C: Cost, E: Effectiveness, S: Sustainability). The specific survey items of approach numbers 1 to 20 and their respective HFIX approach types are presented in Sheet 2.The objective of this study is to compare the pilot performance and attention allocation between a primary flight display integrated touchscreen inceptor and sidestick, and to understand the correlation among different measurements. Twenty participants flew separate simulated instrument landing system (ILS) approaches – with touchscreen inceptor / with traditional sidestick – during flight scenarios where an aircraft attitude disturbance was either present or absent. Results demonstrated that participant performance scores (a composite of flightpath and touchdown point error) were worse with the touchscreen inceptor compared to the sidestick during attitude disturbance scenarios
'Perceived Adoption Potential for Hydrogen Homes: October-December 2022 Dataset
No full textThe Excel file presents data collected between 06/10/2023 and 23/12/2023 from a nationally representative UK survey engaging with public perceptions of hydrogen homes - appliances for residential space heating, hot water and cooking. The first excel sheet provides data for the full sample (N = 1845). The second sheet provides data for sub-sample (N = 442) that was extracted to support multi-group analysis. The third sheet provides data for a derived segment of female mortage owners aged 18-34 (N = 282), while the fourth sheet reports data for a smaller segment of male property owners aged 55+. Additional sheets provide the numerical inputs for conducting statistical analyses using Latent Variable Scores, as extracted via Importance-performance map analysis (IMPA) in SmartPLS 4.1 The output from this dataset was used to examine the effects of safety, technological, economic, environmental and emotional perspectives on the perceived adoption potential of hydrogen homes.DTP 2020-2021 Cranfield Universit
When and how does leader humor promote customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior in hotel employees?
Get PDFThis study explores whether leader humor can encourage staff to exceed job expectations in their positive behavior toward customers, even in the notoriously stressful context of the hospitality industry. Based on our findings, leaders who use humor are more likely to prompt employees to engage in customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Leader humor affects customer-oriented OCB through the mediating effect of relational energy. In addition, employee traditionality and relational energy differentiation moderate the process. Using time-lagged data collected from 456 employees in 71 teams in China’s hotel industry, this study adds significant knowledge to the under-researched area of humor and leader humor in the hospitality industry. The findings suggest that hospitality leaders can implement humor to obtain positive effects by raising relational energy and triggering customer-oriented OCB, particularly among less-traditional workers and in situations of low relational energy differentiation
Conceptual design of supersonic aircraft to investigate environmental impact
Get PDFThe SENECA ((LTO) noiSe and EmissioNs of supErsoniC Aircraft) project, funded under the EU Horizon 2020 framework, is dedicated to the exploration of future designs for supersonic business jets and supersonic commercial airliners, placing significant emphasis on minimising landing and take-off noise and mitigating emissions. The research outcomes are intended to inform discussions at ICAO level, providing scientific support to enhance the European perspective on regulatory requirements for novel supersonic aircraft. The overall aim of the research is the development of four different supersonic transport aircraft platforms, comprising both airframes and engines design. These aircraft configurations range from supersonic business jets, designed for cruise Mach numbers of 1.4 and 1.6, to large airliners capable of accommodating 100 passengers, with cruise Mach numbers of 1.8 and 2.2. In pursuit of the next generation of environmentally sustainable supersonic civil aircraft, the research employs a multi-disciplinary design optimisation strategy. This strategy primarily focuses on meeting the current noise regulations for subsonic aircraft during landing and take-off and secondly on reducing emissions levels. This paper details the conceptual development of the platforms specifications for the four supersonic aircraft designed within SENECA project. These specifications include geometrical and configuration data, performance characteristics, as well as mission trajectories and profiles.AIAA SCITECH 2024 Foru
Hybrid multi-sensor navigation system with uncertainty correction for GNSS-denied environments
Get PDFAcknowledging the vulnerabilities of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to various interferences, this research investigates alternative navigation solutions, essential for overcoming challenges where GNSS quality is compromised. The study explores a multi-sensor solution, suitable for operation in complex scenarios including degraded environmental conditions. To mitigate the inherent drifting behavior of a widely used alternative navigation information source referred to as the Inertial Navigation System (INS), fusion with a camera and a barometer is adopted within the federated multi-sensor architecture. This approach utilizes an error detection mechanism based on analysis of residual test statistics for Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based local filters. To enhance the robustness of the system, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model is implemented for error correction of the filter measurements, integrated before fusion in the master filter. Validation tests in a simulated urban environment using various trajectories and environmental conditions reveal that the proposed mechanism provides a viable alternative to a GNSS-based system for positioning. The performance is compared with the state-of-the-art learning-based multi-sensor navigation system by testing on similar datasets. Comparative results indicate significant improvements in positioning with error correction yielding enhancements of 34%, 44%, and 20% in rainy, snowy and foggy conditions, respectively.AIAA SCITECH 2024 Foru