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Data: Automated interlayer wall height compensation for wire based directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
No full textExperimental dataset to support the publication. The data includes all the test and measurement records for the experiment.InnovateUK: 53610 - HPWAA
An in situ study on the role of heterogeneous microstructure on anisotropic tensile deformation behaviour in an additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy: Data
No full textAdditive manufacturing (AM) processes are known to produce heterogeneous microstructures and thereby, anisotropic mechanical properties. However, a fundamental understanding of the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of AM-built Ti6Al4V is limited, particularly for high-deposition-rate wire-feed directed-energy-deposition AM processes. The present study provides insights into the role of heterogenous microstructure and associated texture on the tensile deformation and damage accumulation in wire-feed directed-energy-deposition Ti6Al4V. Materials were deposited using oscillation-pass and parallel-pass build strategies. In situ neutron diffraction studies were performed on samples with tensile loading applied parallel and perpendicular to the built layers. Dissimilar thermal histories experienced in the parallel-pass strategy resulted in thinner columnar β grains and finer transformation microstructure, resulting in higher yield strength compared to the oscillation strategy. The presence of strong columnar β fibre texture in both build strategies led to anisotropic deformation. When loaded perpendicular to the columnar grains, elastic strain accumulation is more crystallographically homogeneous and includes basal, prismatic, and pyramidal plane strain accumulation in both build strategies. Conversely, when loaded parallel to the columnar β fibre texture, the majority of the pyramidal orientations preferentially aligned along the loading axis and were subjected to significant elastic strains. Similar anisotropy was observed under plastic deformation where tensile strain accumulation observed in the prismatic planes and prismatic slip is found to be the major slip activity. Such activity was not detected when loaded parallel to the columnar grains. Hence anisotropic deformation is observed in the studied material.New Wire Additive Manufacturing (NEWAM
Dataset for Investigating the effects of rearing conditions and generation divergence on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Lucilia sericata adult flies
No full textBlowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are known to be the most forensically important insects in forensic entomology as they are the first insects to arrive at decomposing remains, thus they have been used for decades to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin). Accurate estimations of PMImin are essential for effective forensic investigations. However, challenges arise when multiple generations of adult flies are associated with decomposing remains, leading to lapses in PMImin predictions. To address this issue, the present study focuses on analysing cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as a novel approach to identify insect species, estimating their age and determining the environment in which they develop. Previous studies have explored CHC analysis and contributed to the validation of the technique; nevertheless, generation differences and long-term rearing effects remain undetermined, especially their direct influence on CHC profiles. Therefore, this investigation examines the chemical profiles of first-generation strains reared in both outdoor and indoor settings to examine the impact of rearing conditions on Lucilia sericata adult flies. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between first- and fourth-generation adult flies is conducted to evaluate the long-term rearing effects in laboratory conditions and to explore intergeneration differences between the strains. The profiles were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples were classified with a multivariate statistical method, principal component analysis (PCA) to visualise distinctions in the chemical profiles. The study contributes to the existing literature by revealing the profound influence of generation divergence and environmental conditions on CHC profiles. The comprehensive analysis presented in this study serves to enhance the understanding and application of CHC analysis in forensic entomology, ultimately advancing the reliability and precision of forensic investigations involving decomposing remains
Data supporting 'Unveiling Biomarkers for Postharvest Resilience: The Role of Canopy Position on Quality and Abscisic Acid Dynamics of 'Nadorcott' Clementine Mandarins'
No full textPhysiological (colour, respiration rate), and biochemical (individual sugars, organic acids, hormones) data of mandarin during postharevst cold storageAMFRESH Group and Cranfield University for sponsoring this project through the Cranfield Industrial Partnership PhD Schem
Nanostructured ZnO-CQD hybrid heterostructure nanocomposites: synergistic engineering for sustainable design, functional properties, and high-performance applications
Get PDFHybrid nanocomposites integrating nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with designed heterostructures possess exceptional optical and electronic properties. These properties hold immense potential for advancements across diverse scientific and technological fields. This review article investigates the synthesis, properties, and applications of ZnO-CQD heterostructure nanocomposites. Recent breakthroughs in fabrication methods are examined, including hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and eco-friendly techniques. Key preparation methods such as sol-gel, co-precipitation, and electrochemical deposition are discussed, emphasizing their role in controlling heterostructure formation. This review analyses the impact of heterostructures on optical and electronic properties, such as fluorescence, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic activity. Synergistic interactions between ZnO and CQDs within heterostructures are highlighted, demonstrating how they lead to substantial performance improvements. Applications of ZnO-CQD heterostructures span solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, water purification, antimicrobial treatments, gas sensing, catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery, environmental sensing, and energy storage. Insights are provided into refining synthesis methods, enhancing characterisation techniques, and broadening the application landscape. Challenges like stability are addressed, along with strategies for optimised performance and practical implementation.ChemNanoMa
Data for Paper "Unsteady Multiphase Simulation of Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorber Flow"
No full textDataset for the paper "Unsteady Multiphase Simulation of Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorber Flow"Landing Advances for a New Decade One "LANDOne
Review of the production of turquoise hydrogen from methane catalytic decomposition: Optimising reactors for Sustainable Hydrogen production
Get PDFHydrogen is gaining prominence in global efforts to combat greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. While steam methane reforming remains the predominant method of hydrogen production, alternative approaches such as water electrolysis and methane cracking are gaining attention. The bridging technology – methane cracking – has piqued scientific interest with its lower energy requirement (74.8 kJ/mol compared to steam methane reforming 206.278 kJ/mol) and valuable by-product of filamentous carbon. Nevertheless, challenges, including coke formation and catalyst deactivation, persist. This review focuses on two main reactor types for catalytic methane decomposition – fixed-bed and fluidised bed. Fixed-bed reactors excel in experimental studies due to their operational simplicity and catalyst characterisation capabilities. In contrast, fluidised-bed reactors are more suited for industrial applications, where efforts are focused on optimising the temperature, gas flow rate, and particle characterisation. Furthermore, investigations into various fluidised bed regimes aim to identify the most suitable for potential industrial deployment, providing insights into the sustainable future of hydrogen production. While the bubbling regime shows promise for upscaling fluidised bed reactors, experimental studies on turbulent fluidised-bed reactors, especially in achieving high hydrogen yield from methane cracking, are limited, highlighting the technology's current status not yet reaching commercialisation.This research was partially funded and supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Loughborough University via EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Hydrogen - SusHy (EP/S023909/1) and the Doctoral College.International Journal of Hydrogen Energ
Spatial-temporal variability in nitrogen use efficiency: Insights from a long-term experiment and crop simulation modeling to support site specific nitrogen management
Get PDFWithin-field soil heterogeneity can lead to large variation in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Crop simulation models provide a multi-faceted approach to management considering both soil and plant interactions. However, research using crop models for investigating within field variation in NUE is limited, in part because of challenges quantifying spatially variable soil model parameters. Here soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and measured soil properties were used to map spatial variations in soil characteristics across a Long-Term Experiment in Norfolk, England. The relationship between plot ECa across the 3 ha experiment and agronomic data across three different nitrogen rates (0, 110, and 220 kg N ha-1) over five wheat years (2010–2020) was quantified. The Sirius crop model was parameterized for two soils representing the extremes of ECa. Sirius was validated using recorded plot data. Site-specific optimal nitrogen and associated leaching risks were simulated across 29 years of weather data. Variation in soil properties had significant impact on measured NUE. At 220 kg N ha-1 mean observed yields across 5 years ranged from 9.0 to 10.7 t ha-1 and grain protein from 11.6% to 11% on the low EC and high EC plots, respectively. On average fertiliser grain N recovery was 19.7 kg N ha-1 lower on the low ECa plots. Sirius simulated the variation in yield, grain protein and grain N recovery to a good level of accuracy with RRMSE of 19.5%, 15.4% and 19.5%, respectively. Simulated optimal nitrogen on the low EC soils was on average 12 kg N ha-1 lower, with >1 in 4 years with optimal nitrogen <200 kg N ha-1. Our work demonstrated that using a combination of proximal soil EC scans and targeted soil sampling we can optimize the data requirements for model parameterisation to support site-specific N management.This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the CENTA Doctoral Training Partnership [NERC Ref: NE/L002493/1]. We thank UK Agri-Tech Centres, funded by Innovate UK, for the use of their equipment to conduct part of this research.European Journal of Agronom
Cooperative driving of connected autonomous vehicles in heterogeneous mixed traffic: a game theoretic approach
Get PDFHigh-density, unsignalized intersections have always been a bottleneck of efficiency and safety. The emergence of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) results in a mixed traffic condition, further increasing the complexity of the transportation system. Against this background, this paper aims to study the intricate and heterogeneous interaction of vehicles and conflict resolution at the high-density, mixed, unsignalized intersection. Theoretical insights about the interaction between CAVs and Human-driven Vehicles (HVs) and the cooperation of CAVs are synthesized, based on which a novel cooperative decision-making framework in heterogeneous mixed traffic is proposed. Normalized Cooperative game is concatenated with Level-k game (NCL game) to generate a system optimal solution. Then Lattice planner generates the optimal and collision-free trajectories for CAVs. To reproduce HVs in mixed traffic, interactions from naturalistic human driving data are extracted as prior knowledge. Non-cooperative game and Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) are integrated to mimic the decision-making of heterogeneous HVs. Finally, three cases are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, including the comparative analysis with different methods, the case study under different Rates of Penetration (ROP) and the interaction analysis with heterogeneous HVs. It is found that the proposed cooperative decision-making framework is beneficial to driving conflict resolution and the traffic efficiency improvement of the mixed unsignalized intersection. Besides, due to the consideration of driving heterogeneity, better human-machine interaction and cooperation can be realized in this paper.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicle
Rewiring complex networks to achieve cluster synchronization using graph convolution networks with reinforcement learning
Get PDFSynchronization on complex networks depends on a myriad of factors such as embedded dynamics, initial conditions, network structure, etc. Current literature simplifies analysis of cluster synchronization leveraging conditions on network topology such as input-equivalence, network symmetries, etc., of which external equitable partition (EEP) is one of the most relaxed conditions. One practical problem is that for a dynamic system, how to alter a network to reach arbitrary achievable cluster synchronization and remaining faithful to the original structure. To solve this problem, we represent graph dynamics in Graph Convolution Network (GCN) modules that sit within an Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning (AC-RL) framework under the condition of EEP. This allows the framework to select a good policy to sequentially rewire the network, where the sequence of moves matters. We test our method on two types of high-dimensional networked systems, Rossler dynamic networks and Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal circuits, with different network sizes. Our research opens up a way for the discovery of achievable cluster synchronization configurations by altering the network structure in any given networked dynamics.EPSRC CHEDDAR: Communications Hub For Empowering Distributed ClouD Computing Applications And Research (Grant Number: EP/X040518/1 and EP/Y037421/1).IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineerin