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Fiber artefact for performance evaluation of time domain distributed fiber sensor interrogators
No full textDistributed fiber sensing (DFS) is a powerful tool for structural health monitoring (SHM), allowing continuous and seamless measurements of temperature and strain along the fiber. The spatial accuracy of a DFS interrogator, as a key parameter of the system, is vital for precisely locating structural perturbations or defects. Its evaluation and calibration methods however attract little attention. A fiber optic artefact based on a fiber loop is developed to evaluate distance accuracy and signal quality for both self-developed and commercial sensing systems based on Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering effects, respectively. The measured distance is corrected to remove the influence of the pulse width. Additionally, the obtained SNRs are compared for different loop trips and pulse widths, assisting to assess signal quality for SHM applications
Basic design principles of flame arrestors for decomposable gases
No full textFlame Arrestors are safety relevant devices in chemical plants. If despite all the safety measures an explosion is initiated, they prevent damage, fatalities, and complete losses of production plants by hindering the explosion from propagating throughout the complete installation. Depending on the explosion propagation characteristics of the gas or gas mixture in question, the flame arrestors need to fulfil certain different operating requirements. In case of decomposable gases like acetylene and tetrafluoroethylene in some respect it might become necessary to violate the advice given in the standards concerning flame arrestor’s design
Improved Hard Carbon Anodes for Na-ion Batteries by Interface Modification
No full textThe current strong interest in electromotive mobility and the need to transition to an energy grid with sustainable storage devices has led to a renewed interest in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Amorphous disordered carbons such as hard carbons (HCs) are promising candidates for high-capacity negative electrode materials in SIBs. Their high capacities, however, are often accompanied with high irreversible capacity losses during the initial cycles,[1] while low initial losses are accompanied with moderate capacities.[2] In our research we are aiming at morphologically improved carbons to reduce irreversible losses using a core-shell concept.[3]
We investigated different methods to obtain core-shell structures with improved interfaces to restrict SEI formation to the external particle surface, while leveraging the Na storage potential of porous carbon core materials. With a simple and scalable chemical vapour deposition we obtained a 190-fold decrease in surface roughness, resulting in drastically reduced first cycle losses. Interestingly, the sodiation capacity at the same time increased revealing the interference of excessive SEI formation with the storage process within the particles
Immunochemical sensing of key pollution indicators in the water cycle
No full textOrganic micropollutants - often termed emerging contaminants - are increasingly detected throughout the water cycle, from drinking water to wastewater. Monitoring their distribution requires trace analytical methods that are fast, cost-effective, matrix-tolerant, and ideally portable. Immunoanalytical techniques, using antibodies, nanobodies, or fragments, offer high selectivity and sensitivity, though typically in single-analyte or oligoplexing formats.
To maximize their utility, environmentally relevant indicator compounds should be selected to reflect pollutant input, partial removal during treatment, and persistence in wastewater and surface water. ELISA remains a robust method for high-throughput analysis. We have assays available for the com-pounds carbamazepine, diclofenac, cetirizine, estrone, sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, cocaine, bisphenol A, and isolithocholic acid.
Simpler formats like fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA) and lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA)—familiar from COVID-19 rapid tests — enable on-site screening. Multiplexing is feasible with bead-based microarrays and electrochemical sensors on microfluidic platforms, which additionally offer portability and the latter even independence from optical systems.
Despite these advances, the development of highly selective, high-affinity binders remains a critical bottleneck. Promising strategies to overcome this include computational hapten design, nanobody engineering, and in silico optimization of binder sequences—enhanced by artificial intelligence for targeted database mining. These approaches, coupled with scalable recombinant expression, are poised to expand the binder repertoire essential for any immunoanalytical platform. This growing repository will be key to advancing immunochemical diagnostics across the water cycle
Non-explosives for blasting purposes
No full textThis presentation uses a specific example to examine a product group that contains reactive pyrotechnic compositions with the aim of achieving an explosive effect. Special classification aspects for such products will be discussed (closed session of the meeting)
Digitalization of the classification process for fireworks articles – Default list, analogy and AI supported correlations
No full textThis article presents the current development work on an IT-supported hazardous goods classification system for fireworks. The aim is to introduce a machine-readable format and evaluate it using innovative classification software
Robotic Olfaction in Industry and Environment: Field Results and Perspectives
No full textAir pollution and hazardous gas leaks remain largely invisible threats with severe impacts on health, safety, and climate. Traditional fixed monitoring networks are sparse and often miss critical hotspots, especially in complex industrial environments. Mobile Robotic Olfaction (MRO) – integrating mobile ground robots, aerial drones, and stationary sensor networks – offers a powerful approach to close these monitoring gaps. This presentation highlights recent field applications, including robotic air quality monitoring in steel factories, multimodal sensor deployments at chemical sites, and gas tomography with laser-based systems. Results show that heterogeneous sensing systems improve spatial and temporal coverage, enable more accurate leak localization, and support AI-driven analysis for real-time decision-making. Lessons learned from these deployments illustrate how MRO can enhance environmental safety, compliance, and process efficiency in real-world scenarios
The digital product passport
No full textThis presentation contains information for industry and the scientific communitiy about the new digital product passport and the demands from the EU. Furthermore a short overview is given about the different supporting activities which are currently under developement by BAM
Investigations to determine the damage pattern for H-induced stress corrosion cracking at QT prestressing steel
No full textPrestressed steel bridges that were constructed in the past using tempered prestressing steel can develop significant problems with regard to load-bearing capacity under unfavourable conditions during their construction. In particular, hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking during the construction of the bridge structures may have caused cracks in the prestressing tendons, which could lead to the failure of the bridge years later. The presentation specifically addresses the partial collapse of the Carola Bridge in Dresden
Experiences and perspectives for the design evaluation of Konrad containers
No full textThe former iron ore mine Konrad near Salzgitter is the approved final repository for radioactive waste with negligible heat production in Germany and should go into operation in the 2030s. The waste comes from operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well as from medicine, research and industry using radiation sources or radioactive materials. These types of waste are comparable to international low- and certain types of intermediate-level waste. The waste includes a large variety of products, materials and properties. The containers for such waste have the primary purpose of enabling handling and storing of the waste by safely enclosing the radioactive inventory and shielding of radiation. Due to the large variety of waste forms to be disposed of in the Konrad repository, different container types are specified to account for the different requirements related to each waste type.
Each container design for waste disposal in Konrad has to be approved by BGE on the basis of the “final disposal conditions” (Endlagerungsbedingungen) and the respective “product control” (Produktkontrolle). For demonstrating the container’s compliance with the regulatory framework, the waste producers or container manufacturers have to apply for design approval on the basis of a comprehensive safety assessment including all relevant reports about analytical, numerical and experimental safety demonstrations and quality assurance measures for container manufacturing and operation. Usually, BGE commissions independent experts like BAM to evaluate these documents and the design testing (e.g. drop or fire tests).
While the basic assessment principle is to verify the container design and quality to be in line with all regulatory requirements, there are often challenges associated with the container’s safety evaluation. As containers of different types have already been produced in large numbers and partially loaded with waste before the regulatory framework became effective (so-called “old” containers), they are considered in the regulations as well and safety assessments have to be provided in an equivalent way. As the requirements for the documentation of manufacturing quality were not yet known at the time these containers were manufactured, this is often challenging in practice. On the other hand, containers requiring the highest safety level (ABK II, sf) due to their nuclear content sometimes cause significant challenges and very long approval processes concerning safety demonstrations for severe accidental conditions like a 5 m drop without impact limiter onto a nearly unyielding target or a one hour 800 °C fire scenario. Furthermore, as the regulatory framework has not been updated for several decades, some requirements and the respective safety assessment methods have to be interpreted under consideration of the current state of knowledge in science and technology