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The Effectiveness of Family Health Conversations Delivered by Nurses:A Systematic Review
No full textAim: To extract and interpret quantitative data exploring the effectiveness of family health conversations (FHCs) on family functioning, perceived support, health-related quality of life, caregiver burden and family health in families living with critical or chronic health conditions. Background: Addressing the health of families affected by critical or chronic illnesses requires focused attention. The effective integration of FHCs is hampered by a scarcity of rigorous quantitative studies that provide solid evidence on best practices and outcomes. Design: A systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Methods: The review is reported according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Appropriate studies were searched in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Databases. Results of the search were imported into the Covidence web-based program. Included were studies with a quantitative research design, delivered to families with critical or chronic health conditions, describing FHCs based on the Calgary Family Assessment Model and/or the Calgary Family Intervention Model, and/or the Illness Beliefs Model, using reliable and validated instruments, published between 2008 and 2023, and written in English. Results: In total, 24 papers met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen papers used a quasi-experimental design, eight of which included a control group. Two papers used a mixed methods design, and six papers were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A statistically significant effect of FHCs on family functioning was reported in two RCTs and three quasi-experimental papers. We also found that a statistically significant effect of FHCs was reported on perceived support in 9 of 15 papers, quality of life in 4 of 11 papers and caregiver burden in 1 of 3 papers. Conclusion and Implications for Clinical Practice: The interventions reviewed revealed variability and partial results concerning the effectiveness of FHCs on family functioning. More rigorous research about short-term, intermediate- and long-term effectiveness is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Reporting Method: The study is reported according to the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) (File S1). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Data were gathered from previously published studies.</p
Alpha:A Multi-Attention Enhanced YOLO Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Defect Detection
No full textPhotovoltaic systems are crucial for sustainable energy, yet manufacturing defects and environmental degradations compromise their efficiency. While deep learning approaches show promise, existing methods face limitations in precision, computational efficiency, and generalization across diverse defect categories. We introduce Alpha, an attention-enhanced YOLO framework integrating Feature Cross-Attention, Channel Attention, and Efficient Multi-scale Attention to improve spatial and channel-wise feature representations. Comprehensive experiments conducted on electroluminescence image datasets demonstrate that Alpha outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of accuracy, robustness, and inference speed.</p
Compressed consecutive pattern matching
No full textOriginating from the work of Navarro and Thankachan [TCS 2016], the problem of consecutive pattern matching is a variant of the fundamental pattern matching problem. In this problem, one is given a text and a pair of patterns p1,p2, and must compute consecutive occurrences of p1,p2 in the text. Assuming that the text is given as a straight-line program of size g, we develop an algorithm that computes all consecutive occurrences of p1,p2 in optimal O(g+|p1|+|p2|+output) time, where output is the size of the output. As a corollary, we also derive an algorithm that reports all co-occurrences separated by a distance d∈[a,b] in O(g+|p1|+|p2|+output) time and an algorithm that reports the top-k closest co-occurrences in O(g+|p1|+|p2|+k) time.</p
A Type Theoretic Treatment of Context-Free Languages Without Mutual Recursion
No full textParsing is the process of recovering structure from strings, an essential part of implementing programming languages. Previous work has shown that formalizing languages and parsers using an idiomatic type theoretic approach can be simple and enlightening. Unfortunately, this approach has only been applied to regular languages, which are not expressive enough for many practical applications. We have extended the type theoretic formalization to context-free languages (without mutual recursion) which are substantially more expressive. We hope our formalization can serve as a foundation for reasoning about new disambiguation techniques and even more expressive formalisms such as data-dependent grammars.</p
Impact of Molecular Evaluations in the Biology, Diagnosis, and Prognostication of Patients With Mastocytosis
No full textMastocytosis represents a group of rare clonal disorders characterized by accumulation of neoplastic mast cells. Disease presentations range from indolent to highly aggressive forms. The discovery of somatic mutations in KIT, particularly KIT p.D816V, has revolutionized diagnosis, classification, and management of mastocytosis. KIT p.D816V, found in >85% of systemic mastocytosis (SM) cases, drives disease progression through constitutive activation of the KIT receptor. Highly sensitive techniques, such as allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital PCR, and Flow-Super Rolling Circle Amplification, have enhanced detection of KIT p.D816V, whereas next-generation sequencing has allowed detection of other mutations, improving not only diagnostics and prognostication, but also monitoring of KIT p.D816V-targeted therapies. Of note, higher KIT p.D816V allele burdens, together with the presence of additional mutations in genes such as DNMT3A (DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3α), SRSF2 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2), ASXL1 (additional sex combs-like 1), EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), and/or RUNX1 (runt-related transcription factor 1), termed high risk mutations, correlate with advanced SM subtypes. Hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT) is a genetic condition where increased TPSAB1 gene copy encoding α-tryptase usually leads to elevated serum tryptase. The incidence of HαT is increased in mastocytosis and may exacerbate mediator-related symptoms, emphasizing the importance of searching for this genetic condition in mastocytosis. To conclude, despite remaining challenges in standardization, molecular investigations may now improve diagnostics, prognostication, and treatment monitoring in mastocytosis.</p
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the diabetes eating problem survey revised in Danish adolescents with type 1 diabetes
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Danish translation of Diabetes Eating Problem Survey – Revised (DEPS-R) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: A total of 131 adolescents (53% women) with T1D aged 11–19 years completed DEPS-R and Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE-Q). Additional anthropometric, biochemical, and medical data were obtained from medical records. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of DEPS-R. Results: The DEPS-R demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.87) and was significantly correlated with YEDE-Q (r = 0.83; p < 0.01), HbA1c (r = 0.35; p < 0.01), zBMI (r = 0.35; p < 0.01), and age (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), indicating high convergent validity. The median DEPS-R score was 10 [5–18] for the entire sample; however, it was significantly higher among women (15 [9–21]) than men (6 [4–10]). Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure accounting for 58% of the variance and indicated that item 4 contributed less strongly to the overall score. Conclusions: This study supports the validity of DEPS-R as a screening tool for detecting the risk of disordered eating in adolescents with T1D but challenges the relevance of item 4. Future research is needed on updating the original DEPS-R, including a sensitivity analysis of DEPS-R in detecting the risk of serious eating disorder-related behaviour in T1D.</p
Mitigating local opposition in renewable energy projects expansion:Evidence from Denmark
No full textProtests against renewable energy (RE) projects by “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) opponents have resulted in renewable energy expansion being postponed or abandoned. Addressing such opposition poses a severe challenge for policymakers and project developers. This study proposes an analytical framework, encompassing five dimensions: technological, institutional, environmental, economic, and social, to unpack the drivers of NIMBYism. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of Danish media reports and municipal documents, the framework is applied to compare two contrasting RE initiatives: a municipality-led renewable energy project in Tønder and a community-driven solar park project in Hunderup–Sejstrup. The analysis examines how different measures shape local responses to RE development. The findings reveal that procedural fairness, transparent decision-making, and genuine community co-ownership foster greater acceptance than financial compensation or top-down planning alone. Notably, neither case implemented explicit measures to address environmental concerns, suggesting that perceived procedural injustice and a lack of trust—rather than ecological concerns—were the primary sources of opposition. By highlighting the critical role of participatory and trust-based governance, this study advances the literature on renewable energy acceptance and provides practical insights for mitigating local opposition in the energy transition.</p
Robotic-assisted ventral hernia repair - a detailed economic evaluation:is it worth it?
No full textPurpose: The use of robotic-assisted ventral hernia repair (rVHR) has expanded rapidly, but its economic viability remains debated. This study aimed to provide a transparent cost analysis of rVHR compared with open ventral hernia repair (oVHR), and to identify patient subgroups where rVHR may represent a cost-effective alternative. Methods: Patients with midline ventral hernias were randomized to rVHR or oVHR. A detailed bottom-up costing approach was applied, including preoperative, intraoperative, hospitalization, and post-hospitalization costs, as well as capital and maintenance costs of the robotic platform. Group-specific mean costs were estimated using log-linear regression models. Cost-consequence and cost-effectiveness analyses were performed, and an interaction model was used to explore cost differences in relation to hernia defect size. Results: Fifty-six patients were included (29 rVHR, 27 oVHR). Mean total hospital costs were significantly higher for rVHR (€3,539) compared with oVHR (€1,696; cost ratio 2.09, p <0.001). Instrumentation and consumables accounted for the largest share of rVHR costs, while hospitalization represented the largest component in oVHR. Modeling suggested a potential crossover point at a defect size of 56 cm², beyond which rVHR could become relatively more cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that robotic-assisted surgery required an additional €1,149 to reduce hospital stay by one day. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted ventral hernia repair is associated with substantially higher costs than open repair in our setting. However, rVHR may represent a more cost-effective strategy for larger or more complex hernias, supporting selective use based on patient characteristics and institutional resources.</p
Redundant parameter dependencies in conventional and quantum linear response and equation of motion theory for unitary parameterized wave functions
No full textExtracting molecular properties from a wave function can be performed through the linear response (LR) formalism or, equivalently, the equation of motion (EOM) formalism. For a simple model system, He in a 6-31G basis, it is shown here that calculated excitation energies depend on the specifically chosen orbitals, even when the ground-state is the FCI solution, if the LR is truncated to a singles expansion. This holds for naïve, projected, self-consistent, and state-transfer parameterizations of the LR operators. With a focus on the state-transfer parameterization, this problem is shown to also hold for more complicated systems and is also present when the LR is truncated to singles and doubles. This problem can be alleviated by performing a ground-state constrained trace optimization of the Hessian matrix before performing the LR calculation. It is finally shown that spectra can be further improved for small LR expansions by targeting only a few states in the constrained trace optimization using constrained state-averaged UCC.</p
Electrochemical Energy Conversion Electrode Component and Process Multi-Scale Imaging
No full textBrintproduktion ved hjælp af protonudvekslingsmembran-vandelektrolysatorer (PEMWE) er en af de grønne teknologier, der imødekommer den stadigt stigende efterspørgsel efter energilagringssystemer. Disse energianordningers funktionalitet er baseret på vandspaltningsprocessen, der udnytter elektricitet fra elnettet, herunder vedvarende energikilder. Fordelen ved at bruge PEMWE er dens kompatibilitet medvedvarende energikilders intermitterende karakter på grund af hurtig dynamiskrespons samt dens høje ydeevne, mobilitet og sikre drift. Der er dog nogle udfordringer forbundet med at indføre PEMWE som en passende konkurrent til fossile elektrolysemetoder. I dette arbejde blev de vigtigste faktorer, der påvirker PEMWE's samlede ydeevne og holdbarhed, undersøgt ved hjælp af avancerede metoder, og der blev foreslået mulige løsninger i overensstemmelse hermed. Da bobledækning af katalytisk aktive steder er en af de primære flaskehalse i PEMWE, fokuserede den indledende forskning i dette arbejde på at forstå og foreslånye tilgange til at afbøde denne udfordring. Resultaterne viste, at kombinationen af metoder til fjernelse af bobler er afgørende for at udnytte det fulde potentiale af den elektrokatalysator, der anvendes i PEMWE. Derefter blev det andet mål for dette arbejde at finde egnede, billige keramiske alternativer til Pt/C-elektrokatalysatorer med fokus på at forbedre effektiviteten og samtidig tilbyde en enkel metode til relevante industrier. Som det tredje mål i dette ph.d.-arbejde kunne implementering af operando polariseret neutronbilleddannelse og neutronradiografi give os værdifuld indsigt i den midlertidige passivering af det Ti-baserede porøse transportlag (PTL) inde i en kørende PEMWE, hvilket baner vejen for forståelsen af dette komplicerede problem i PEMWE. Desuden er den kinetiske og transportmæssige betragtning af isotopeffekter i PEMWE til neutronundersøgelser et kritisk spørgsmål, som blev undersøgt grundigt som vores fjerde forskningsemne ved hjælp af flere operando teknikker, hvilket fremhævede forskelle i ydeevne og holdbarhed for disse enheder. Endelig var Ti-passiveringsproblemet i PEMWE beregnet til at håndtere en ny trinvisoptimering af PTL-platinering. Ved hjælp af den foreslåede elektrokemiske metodekunne yderligere forbedring af PTL målrettes mod højtydende, mere holdbare PEMWE.Hydrogen production using proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) is one of the green technologies to respond to the ever-growing demandfor energy storage systems. The functionality of these energy devices relies on thewater-splitting process, which utilizes electricity from the grid, including renewable sources. The advantage of using PEMWE is its compatibility with the intermittent nature of renewables due to rapid dynamic response, as well as its high performance, mobility, and safe operation. There are some challenges, however, to introduce PEMWE as a suitable competitor to fossil-based electrolysis methods. In the present work, major contributing issues affecting overall PEMWE performance and durability were investigated using state-of-the-art methods, and possible solutions were provided accordingly. As bubble coverage of catalytically active sites is one of the primary bottlenecks in PEMWE, the initial research in this work focused on understanding and proposing new approaches to mitigate this challenge. The results demonstrated that combining bubble removal methods is pivotal in accessing the full potential of the electrocatalyst used in PEMWEs. Afterwards, finding suitable, low-cost ceramicbased alternatives for Pt/C electrocatalysts was pursued as the second objective of this work, focusing on improving efficiency while offering a facile method for relevant industries.As the third objective in this PhD work, implementing operando polarized neutron imaging and neutron radiography could provide us with valuable insights regarding the temporary passivation of Ti-based porous transport layer (PTL) inside running PEMWE, paving the path for understanding this intricate issue in PEMWE. Furthermore, the kinetic and transport consideration of isotope effects in PEMWE for neutron studies is a critical matter that was investigated thoroughly as our fourth research by several operando techniques, highlighting performance and durability differences for these devices. Lastly, the Ti passivation issue in PEMWE was intended to deal with a novel step-by-step optimization of PTL platinization. Using the suggested electrochemical-based method, further advancement of PTL could be targeted for high-performance, more durable PEMWE