364094 research outputs found
Sort by
Dynamic Information Acquisition, Investment, and Disclosure
No full textWe present a dynamic model of information acquisition and disclosure. The manager seeks to maximize future stock prices and collects information privately about the firm's fundamentals. Information acquisition increases the arrival rate of private information. The manager can choose to disclose his private information or withhold it in perpetuity. We study the impact of information acquisition on the accumulation of private information, disclosure, and the firm's initial investment
The Effect of Private Self-Consciousness on Consumer Preference for Organic Food
No full textOrganic food sales have stagnated despite the growth of organic farming. This underscores the necessity for a better understanding of the determinants of organic food purchases. Our research uses self-consciousness theory to explain consumer preference for organic food. The findings of field and experimental research studies reveal that consumers’ private self-consciousness positively influences the decision to purchase or choose organic, but not nonorganic food, by enhancing a consumer's public self-consciousness. The effects of private self-consciousness remain robust across different cultural backgrounds (German and Dutch) and food categories (vice and virtue categories). This study suggests that marketers and policymakers should consider consumer self-consciousness strategically.</p
Color Saturation and Perceived Sensory Intensity:An Account of Psychological Proximity
No full textColor saturation is an important and relevant attribute in products and packaging. However, the role of color saturation in relation to sensory attributes beyond the visual sense remains under-investigated. To partially address this broader gap, the present investigation aims to document the effect of color saturation on the anticipated intensity of attributes related to other senses (smell, taste, touch, and sound). Five studies collectively find that higher saturation in products and packaging results in heightened anticipated intensity of sensory attributes and support that psychological proximity is the underlying mechanism of this effect. We test this effect across different product categories (i.e., soap, microfiber towels, cookies, a music album, and fabric) using both the coloring of the product and its packaging, with the effect found across different senses (i.e., scent, touch, sound, taste, smell, and texture). We further rule out processing fluency, novelty, and nostalgia as alternative explanations. These findings highlight color saturation as a product/packaging cue that shapes consumer sensory expectations across multiple senses, offering both theoretical insight and actionable implications for product and packaging design.</p
Community responses to flooding in risk mitigation actions:Evidence from the community rating system
No full textThis paper studies the impact of disaster experiences on communities' engagement in risk mitigation actions, focusing on flooding in the United States. We measure risk mitigation actions using communities' scores in the Community Rating System, an incentive program that scores flood preparedness and mitigation activities and rewards communities with flood insurance premium discounts. Leveraging a panel of communities from 1998 to 2019, we find a significant increase in risk mitigation activities following flood events, in both participation rates and intensity of actions. The effects continue to increase up to 10 years. Communities with greater capacity, particularly those in urban areas, exhibit a much stronger response. The findings highlight the adaptive capacity of communities but also raise several concerns regarding the inefficiency of disaster-driven responses and inequitable outcomes across communities.</p
Under the Responsibility of the Danish State:The History of the Care System for Mentally Disabled People 1902-1980
No full textDen danske stat overtog i 1933 ansvaret for at levere ”omsorg, kur og pleje” til den gruppe mennesker, der blev kategoriseret som åndssvage og anbragt under åndssvageforsorg på anstalter eller i pleje hos enten egen eller i fremmed familier med et lille økonomisk tilskud. At staten påtog sig ansvaret for åndssvageforsorgen, betød ikke, at staten ejede de anstalter eller hjem, hvori de åndssvage blev placeret. Private og selvejende aktører havde allerede fra 1852 udbudt forsorg til åndssvage og fra 1902 med statsligt tilskud. Denne uddelegering af velfærdsopgaven til private forsorgsudbydere eller selvejende anstalter var kendetegnende for ansvarsfordelingen mellem stat og åndssvageforsorg i hele perioden.Formålet med afhandlingen er at undersøge åndssvageforsorgens ud- og afvikling i perioden 1902-1980 med særligt fokus på perioden 1933-1980 og derved give et bidrag til en underbelyst del af den danske velfærdshistorie.Empirisk bygger afhandlingen på et omfattende arkivstudie i Rigsarkivets samlinger, på materiale fra den parlamentariske proces relateret til åndssvage, åndssvageforsorg og generel socialpolitik i perioden samt på faglitteratur fra samtiden. Samlet giver min analyse af det mangefacetterede kildemateriale mig mulighed for at diskutere, hvordan åndssvageforsorgen blev formet af politiske beslutninger, aktører og ikke mindst af skiftende idéer om formålet med åndssvageforsorgen. Det samlede materiale har desuden givet mig mulighed for at give et samlet overblik over institutionens organisation i hele perioden.Jeg tager udgangspunkt i teori om historisk institutionalisme for at analysere de organisatoriske sammenhænge og politiske processer over tid og dermed forstå institutionens kontinuitet og reproduktion. Teorien er med til at rette fokus med de formative momenter i etableringen af åndssvageforsorgen og de forandringer, den gennemgik. Jeg fokuserer på idéers betydning som både forandringsimpulser og stabilitetsskabende faktorer, og dels på de forskellige gradvise forandringsformer, der kan identificeres i skæringspunktet mellem på den ene side kontinuitet og på den anden side omfattende forandring for at indfange stiafhængighed og inkrementel udvikling.Afhandlingens undersøgelsesperiode tager sin begyndelse i 1902, da det i dette år for første gang med lov blev vedtaget, at staten havde en forpligtelse i forhold til anbragte under åndssvageforsorgen. Indtil da havde ”Loven om fattigvæsen” fra 1891 reguleret hjælpen til den åndssvage. På trods af den ovennævnte statslige indblanding i åndssvageanstalternes drift, var staten ikke ansvarlig for de åndssvages ve og vel. Efter flere års forsøg på at foretage en gennemgribende revision af den offentlige forsorg lykkedes det i 1933 at få vedtaget ”Lov om offentlig forsorg”, hvori det blev slået fast, at åndssvages velbefindende ikke længere (kun) skulle være en sag for private aktører. Staten forpligtede sig i lovens § 66 til at drage omsorg for åndssvage enten på statsanerkendte anstalter eller i kontrolleret familiepleje under tilsyn af de føromtalte anstalter. Det er vigtigt at notere sig, at udbyderne af åndssvageforsorg fortsat ikke var statslige. I 1959 blev åndssvageforsorgen et delvist statsligt foretagende med vedtagelsen af ”Lov om forsorgen for åndssvage og andre særlig svagtbegavede” (”Normaliseringsloven”) med oprettelsen af den selvejende institution ”Statens Åndssvageforsorg”. Staten overtog alle anstalter, som udbød åndssvageforsorg, og drev åndssvageforsorg i denne form frem til 1970, hvor den selvejende institution blev lagt ind under den nyoprettede sociale styrelse. Denne organisation eksisterede frem til 1980, hvor åndssvageforsorgen sammen med den øvrige særforsorg blev udlagt til amter og kommuner.Den grundlæggende idé om, at åndssvage skulle gives et værdigt liv blev i 1920’erne koblet samme den eugeniske idé: at nogle liv ikke var værd at reproducere, hvorfor ægteskabsforbud, tvangsabort, -sterilisation og –anbringelser blev en del af åndssvageforsorgen. Parallelt med, at institutionens tilknytning til staten blev stærkere og stærkere, vandt nye idéer frem. Dels en idé om rettigheder og dels en idé om integration af åndssvage i det omkringliggende samfund – det sidste med det rammende slogan ”Et liv så nær det normale som muligt.” Normaliseringsidéen og rettighedstanken fik særligt efter 1960 stor betydning for de åndssvages liv, idet forskellige aktører advokerede for, at negative og positive rettigheder også skulle tildeles denne gruppe borgere i det danske samfund. Udviklingen mod integration af åndssvageforsorgen i det generelle sociale system tog for alvor fat i løbet af 1960’erne, hvor forberedelserne til det ”enstregende” sociale system tog sin begyndelse. Det var ikke muligt både at ”normalisere” og samtidig påberåbe sig retten til at stå uden for de sociale ordninger, der omfattede resten af befolkningen. I 1978 besluttede Folketinget at gøre op med den statslige forsorg ved at udlægge åndssvageforsorgen til amter og kommuner, hvorved mange års statslig indblanding i de åndsvages liv og levned begyndte sin afslutning. Parallelt med først centraliseringen og forberedelserne til decentralisering blev også det eugeniske lovkompleks revideret og endeligt afskaffet. Den eksisterende danske forskning i relation til åndssvageforsorgen har primært haft fokus på individ- eller institutionshistorie og –praksisser, og den institutionelle historie og forsorgens organisation har kun været omtalt i det omfang, det har været relevant for den enkelte anstalts placering i den samlede åndssvageforsorg. Ved at følge åndssvageforsorgens udvikling i en længere periode bidrager afhandlingen med et svar på, hvorfor det oprindelige system med ikke-offentlige forsorgsudbydere blev opgivet til fordel for et offentligt forsorgsvæsen først centralt og siden decentralt.Jeg bidrager med afhandlingen til en forståelse for åndssvageforsorgens institutionelle udvikling, hvorved jeg beriger den eksisterende litteratur om den danske åndssvageforsorg og samtidigt skriver institutionen ind i den samlede danske velfærdshistorie.The Danish state took over the responsibility for providing care and treatment to people who were categorised as mentally disabled in 1933. They were either placed in asylums or in the care of their own or other families with a small economic compensation. The fact that the state took over responsibility for this care did not mean that the state owned and ran the care facilities. Private and independent actors had already been providing care for ‘mentally disabled’ people since 1852, and from 1902 with state subsidies. This delegation of welfare tasks to private care providers or independent institutions characterised the division of responsibility between the state and civil society throughout the years from 1902 to 1980.The purpose of this thesis is to examine the development and decline of care for mentally disabled people in the period 1902-1980, with a particular focus on the period 1933-1980, thereby contributing to a little-known part of Danish welfare history.Empirically, this thesis is based on an extensive archival study of the collections of the Danish National Archives, on material related to the parliamentary process concerning policies related to people with impairments, care for mentally disabled people and general social policy during the period, as well as contemporary scientific literature. Overall, my analysis of the multifaceted source material allows me to discuss how care for mentally disabled people was shaped by political decisions, actors and, not least, changing ideas about the purpose of such care. The material has also enabled me to provide a comprehensive overview of the institution's organisation throughout the period.I apply the theory of historical institutionalism as a starting point to analyse organisational contexts and political processes over time and thus understand the continuity and reproduction of the institution. This theory helps to focus on the formative moments in the establishment of mental disability care and the changes it underwent. I focus on the significance of ideas as both drivers of change and factors promoting stability, and on the various gradual forms of change that can be identified at the intersection between continuity on the one hand and comprehensive change on the other, in order to capture path dependency and incremental development.The study period of the thesis begins in 1902, when it was first passed into law that the state had an obligation towards those mentally disabled people placed in care facilities. Until then, the Poor Law from 1891 had regulated assistance. Despite the above-mentioned state interference in the operation of asylums, the state was not responsible for the provided welfare.After several years of attempts to carry out a thorough review of public welfare, the Public Welfare Act was passed in 1933, stipulating that the welfare of mentally disabled people should no longer be (solely) a matter for private actors. In Section 66 of the Act, the state took over the responsibility for caring for mentally disabled people either in state-approved asylums or in supervised family care under the supervision of the aforementioned asylums. It is important to note that the care facilities were still not state-run. In 1959, care for mentally disabled people became a partially state-run enterprise with the adoption of the ‘Act on Care for the Mentally Disabled and Other Persons with Special Needs’ (‘Normalisation Act’) and the establishment of the self-governing institution ‘Statens Åndssvageforsorg’ (State Care for the Mentally Disabled). The state took over all asylums and homes that provided care ran care services in this form until 1970, when Statens Åndssvageforsorg was placed under the newly established social services authority. This was a central authority under the Ministry of Social Affairs. This organisation existed until 1980, when care for mentally disabled people, together with other special care services for people with all kinds of disabilities, was decentralised and transferred to the counties and municipalities.The fundamental idea that mentally disabled people should be given a dignified life was in the 1920s linked to eugenics: the idea that some lives were not worth reproducing. From this followed marriage bans, forced abortions, sterilisation and forced institutionalisation. As the asylum's ties to the state grew stronger and stronger, new ideas gained ground. These included the idea of rights and the idea of integrating mentally disabled people into the surrounding community – the latter with the catchy slogan ‘A life as close to normal as possible.’ The idea of normalisation and the concept of rights became particularly important for the lives of mentally disabled people after 1960, as various actors advocated that negative and positive rights should also be granted to this group of citizens in Danish society. The move towards integrating care for people with intellectual disabilities into the general social system really took off in the 1960s, when preparations for the ‘unified’ social system began. It was not possible to both ‘normalise’ and claim the right to stay outside the social systems that covered the rest of the population. In 1978, the Danish Parliament decided to abolish the state run welfare provision by transferring care for mentally disabled people to counties and municipalities, thereby bringing to an end many years of central state interference in the lives and livelihoods of mentally disabled people. Parallel to the initial centralisation and preparations for decentralisation, the eugenics legislation was also revised and finally abolished.The existing Danish research on care for mentally disabled people has primarily focused on individuals or asylum history and practice. The organisation of care facilities have only been discussed to the extent that it was relevant to the individual asylum's position in the overall care system. By following the development of care for mentally disabled people over a longer period, the thesis contributes to answering why the original system of non-public care providers was abandoned in favour of a public care system, first central and then decentral.With this thesis, I contribute to an understanding of the institutional development of the care system for mentally disabled people by analysing political decisions, economic frameworks, ideas about ‘the good life’ and the criticism directed at the institution throughout the period. In doing so, I enrich the existing literature on Danish care for mentally disabled people and, at the same time, write the institution into the overall history of Danish welfare
'To Enlarge Everything as a Poet’:Drama and History in John Marston’s The Wonder of Women, or the Tragedie of Sophonisba
No full textThis article advances two arguments about Marston's use and appropriation of history in The Wonder of Women, or, The Tragedie of Sophonisba. First, it argues that Marston transforms Sophonisba from a problematic femme fatale into a virtuous woman whose constancy in the face of adversity contrasts sharply with the political realities of the play. She is opposed both to the Machiavellianism of Carthage and Syphax's tyranny, and throughout the play she advocates political honesty, loyalty and patriotism. In extolling these virtues, Marston makes the Carthaginian heroine a moral exemplar for others to imitate and learn from. Second, Sophonisba is deeply concerned with theatre's role in making, remembering and interpreting history. This is expressed in Massinissa's adornment of Sophonisba's corpse at the end of the play, which leads to an on-stage negotiation of her historical significance, and the heroine's acts of self-historicisation. By this term I refer to a rhetorical strategy that Sophonisba uses throughout the play in order to reflect on the nature of history and her own place in it. Analysing this particular rhetorical strategy together with Marston's appropriation of the historical sources will allow for a reconsideration of Sophonisba as a historical and metahistorical play
Perioperative High-Dose Steroid in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty:Impact on Length of Stay and Discharge Blood Glucose Levels
No full textBackground: Perioperative high-dose steroids are widely used to reduce postoperative inflammation, pain, and complications but remain controversial in patients with insulin-treated diabetes due to concerns about hyperglycemia and infections. This study aimed to examine the use of perioperative high-dose steroids and its effect on discharge glucose concentration, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmissions in insulin-treated patients with diabetes undergoing fast-track hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in patients with insulin-treated diabetes undergoing fast-track hip or knee arthroplasty across eight Danish centers. Patient demographics, including diabetes treatments, perioperative steroid, discharge blood glucose concentration, LOS, and 30-day readmissions were prospectively extracted from the electronic health records through chart review. Our primary outcome was differences in mean discharge blood glucose concentration between patients with insulin-treated diabetes receiving perioperative high-dose steroid and no/antiemetic steroid. Secondary outcomes included the fraction with a LOS > 2 and 30-day readmissions between the groups. As a sensitivity analysis, discharge blood glucose concentration was compared between the insulin-treated patients and a propensity-score matched cohort of non-insulin-treated patients with diabetes all receiving high-dose steroids. Results: Of 292 registered patients with insulin-treated diabetes, 64% received high-dose steroids. Median discharge blood glucose was 11.0 mmol/L [IQR 8.9–13.5] in the high-dose steroid group versus 9.7 mmol/L [IQR 7.4–12] in the no/antiemetic steroid group (p = 0.011). LOS > 2 days occurred in 10.1% (95% CI: 6.6–15.3) of the high-dose group and 15.2% (95% CI: 9.6%–23.3%) of the no/antiemetic steroid group (p = 0.200). The 30-day readmission rates were 8% (95% CI: 4.8–13) and 8.3% (95% CI: 4.3–15.6), respectively (p = 0.923). Compared to propensity-matched patients with non-insulin-treated diabetes receiving high-dose steroids, patients with insulin-treated diabetes had a 2.1 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.3–2.8) higher mean discharge blood glucose concentration (p = < 0.001). Conclusions: Glucose levels at discharge were slightly, but significantly higher in insulin-treated patients with diabetes receiving high-dose steroids compared to those receiving no/antiemetic doses and to non-insulin treated diabetes patients receiving high-dose steroids. However, there was no increase in fraction with LOS > 2 days or 30-day readmissions in the patients having high-dose steroids. Despite increased discharge glucose concentration, this suggests no evident safety concerns using high-dose steroids in insulin-treated diabetes patients having fast-track arthroplasty. Editorial Comment: This multicenter study addresses the debated use of a high-dose perioperative glucocorticoid in insulin-treated patients with diabetes undergoing fast-track arthroplasty. Despite modestly increased discharge glucose levels, no safety signals were observed regarding length of stay or readmissions. These findings support cautious use of a single high-dose perioperative glucocorticoid in this population. However, larger randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p
Decoding the Food-Nutrition-Economy-Environment Nexus for Sustainable Food Systems
No full textGlobale fødevaresystemer er i stigende grad udfordret til at sikre ernæringsmæssig sikkerhed uden at overskride de planetære grænser, hvilket nødvendiggør presserende omstillinger mod bæredygtige og sunde kostmønstre. Denne globale udfordring er særligt markant i Kina, hvor hurtig økonomiskudvikling og urbanisering har ført til betydelige kostomlægninger. Disse omstillinger har resulteret i en dobbelt byrde af fejlernæring og stigende forekomst af kostrelaterede kroniske sygdomme, samtidig med alvorlige miljømæssige belastninger. Omfattende forskning har behandlet emnerne ernæringsforbedring, sundhedsfremme og miljømæssig afbødning. Imidlertid er der primært foretaget parallelle vurderinger af ernærings- og miljømæssige problemstillinger, med en tendens til at analysere bæredygtighed ud fra et perspektiv, der fokuserer på enten brede fødevarekategorier, kostens sammensætning eller generelle kostmønstre. Denne fragmenterede tilgang overser, hvordan fødevarer rent faktisk kombineres og konsumeres i praksis, hvorved det ikke lykkes at indfange, hvordan enkeltpersoner udvælger ingredienser, tilbereder måltider og træffer kostrelaterede beslutninger inden for specifikke socioøkonomiske og kulturelle kontekster, og begrænser dermed dens praktiske anvendelighed til at fremme bæredygtige kostomstillinger. Håndteringen af disse udfordringer nødvendiggør en flerdimensionel udforskning af muligheder for kostomstilling, da kostvaner fundamentalt formes af processer på flere niveauer og flerdimensionelle drivkræfter, dertil sammen bestemmer fødevarevalg. Dette studie præsenterer en flerdimensionel ramme til at udforske potentialet for kostomstilling på tværs af tre indbygdes forbundne niveauer: retter, populationer og regioner.På retniveauet vurderes sammenhængen mellem ernæringskvalitet og miljøpåvirkninger, samtidigmed at der identificeres følsomme faktorer, der påvirker begge indikatorer. Alle ernæringsindikatorer findes at udvise ugunstige værdier, med signifikante forskelle og en korrelation med miljøindikatorer. Desuden afsløres det, at tilberedningsprocessen markant påvirker emissioner, især for vegetariske retter, kødretter og retter baseret på basisfødevarer, hvilket resulterer i variationer på over 200%. På baggrund af disse fund undersøges yderligere, hvordan sundhedsaspekter kan variere underforskellige tilberedningsbetingelser. Resultaterne påviser betydelig variation i sundhedsmæssige implikationer inden for og mellem retkategorier, hvor sundhedsrisikofaktorer varierer med op til en faktor 50 selv inden for samme tilberedningsmetode og retkategori. Den øverste 20-percentil af retter udgør i gennemsnit 50% af den ernæringsmæssige kvalitet og 60% af sundhedsrisikoen. Afbødningspotentialet er yderligere udforsket gennem en analyse af forskellige strategiske tilgange, herunder dem med komplicerede afvejninger, mere økonomisk levedygtige løsninger og løsninger uden afvejninger. Overordnet set kan komplementariteten af kombinerede strategier være en fordel i omstillingen til bedre kostvaner.På populationsniveauet bestemmes kostkarakteristika ved at integrere individuelle kostinterviewdatamed opskrifter på retniveau, hvilket muliggør analysen af afvejninger og optimeringspotentiale på tværs af demografiske grupper. Mens de fleste undergrupper forblev under en sikker tærskel for ernæringsmæssig balance og visse miljømæssige fodaftryk, overskred alle undergrupper konsekventrisikotærsklerne for udledning af drivhusgasser (GHG) og score for Health Evaluation Nutrition Index (HENI). En moderat negativ korrelation påvises mellem HENI-score og GHG-udledning, hvilket indikerer, at kostvaner forbundet med højere GHG-udledninger tenderer mod at øge sundhedsrisikoen, særligt for personer over 60 år, som kræver øget sundhedsovervågning. Resultaterne fra kostoptimeringen viser, at målretning af sundhedsmål for ældre populationer førte til, at deres kostmønstre i højere grad stemte overens med principperne for middelhavskosten, primært gennem reduktion af indtaget af proteinrige og kulhydratrige fødevarer. Omvendt udviser yngre befolkningsgrupper større overensstemmelse med Kinesiske Anbefalede Kostråd, skønt medforeslåede begrænsninger på indtaget af nødder og rødt kød.På regionalt niveau blev rumlige forskelle i kostmønstre kortlagt og optimeret for at balancereernæring, økonomisk overkommelighed og miljømæssige fodaftryk på tværs af Kinas forskellige provinser. Resultaterne har vist, at variationen i det nødvendige fødevareindtag er stærkt provinsspecifik. Resultaterne har vist, at variationen i det nødvendige fødevareindtag er stærkt provinsspecifik. Generelt set peges der på et behov for at reducere indtaget af kød, kornprodukter og spiselige olier og øge indtaget af grøntsager, frugt, bælgfrugter, knolde og mejeriprodukter. Provinsspecifikke kostomstillinger kunne reducere kuldstoffodaftrykket, vandfodaftrykket, arealanvendelsen, kvælstoffodaftrykket og fosforfodaftrykket fra Kinas fødevareforbrug med henholdsvis 9,5-25,3%,10,7-19,1%, 22,4-32,9%, 30,8-40,2% og 21,4-34,5%, samtidig med at det daglige anbefalede indtag af essentielle næringsstoffer opfyldes, og uden at de nuværende udgifter til fødevarer overskrides. Denne flerdimensionelle analyse understreger, at bæredygtige kostomstillinger kræver målrettede tilgange, der anerkender den indbyrdes forbundethed mellem ingredienssammensætning, tilberedningspraksis, befolkningsadfærd og regionale kontekster. Gennem integrationen af disse dimensioner muliggør den foreslåede ramme både bund-til-top analyser, der belyser, hvordan specifikke ingredienskombinationer og tilberedningsmetoder påvirker ernæringsmæssige og miljømæssige resultater og hvordan de driver populationsbaserede daglige kostvalg, såvel som top til-bund vurderinger af regionsspecifikt optimeringspotentiale.Global food systems are increasingly challenged to provide nutritional security without exceeding planetary boundaries, thereby necessitating urgent transitions towards sustainable and healthy diets. This global challenge is particularly evident in China, where rapid economic development and urbanization have driven significant dietary transitions. These shifts have resulted in a double burden of malnutrition and increasing rates of diet-related chronic diseases, alongside the severe environmental pressures. Extensive research has addressed nutrition enhancement, health promotion, and environmental mitigation. However, they have primarily conducted parallel assessments of nutritional and environmental problems, tending to analyze sustainability from the perspective of either a broad food category, food composition within diets, or general dietary patterns. This fragmented approach overlooks how foods are actually combined and consumed in practice, thereby failing to capture how individuals select ingredients, prepare meals, and make dietary decisions within specific socio-economic and cultural contexts, limiting its practical applicability for promoting sustainable dietary transitions. Addressing these challenges necessitates a multidimensional exploration of dietary transition opportunities, as diets are fundamentally shaped by multi-level processes and multidimensional drivers that collectively determine food choices. This study proposes a multi-dimensional framework for exploring the potential for dietary transition across three interconnected levels: dishes, populations, and regions.At the dish level, it assesses the nexus between nutritional quality and environmental impacts as well while identifying sensitive drivers that impact both indicators. All nutritional indicators are found to be negative, with significant differences correlated with environmental indicators. Furthermore, it reveals that the cooking process substantially influences emissions, especially for vegetarian, meat dishes, and staple-based dishes, with variations exceeding 200%. Building upon these findings, we further investigate how healthiness may vary under different cooking conditions. Results demonstrate highly variable health implications within and between dish categories, with health risk factors showing up to 50-fold differences even within the same cooking method and dish category. On average, the upper-percentile 20% of dishes represent 50% of the nutritional quality and 60% of the health risk. Mitigation potential has been further explored through complicated trade-offs, which are more economically viable and trade-off-free. Overall, the complementarity of mixed strategies can benefit transitioning to better diets.At the population level, dietary characteristics are reconstructed by integrating individual dietary recall data with dish-level recipes, enabling the analysis of trade-offs and optimization potential across demographic groups. While most subgroups remained within a safe threshold for nutritional balance and certain environmental footprints, all subgroups universally exceeded risk thresholds for greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions and Health Evaluation Nutrition Index (HENI) scores. A moderate negative correlation is identified between HENI and GHGs, suggesting diets associated with higher GHGs tend to increase health risks, particularly for individuals above 60 years of age who require enhanced health monitoring. Diet optimization results reveal that targeting health objectives for elderly populations aligned their dietary patterns more closely with Mediterranean diet principles, primarily through reducing the consumption of high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods. Conversely, the younger population demonstrates greater compatibility with the Chinese Recommended Dietary Guidelines, though with suggested limitations on nuts and red meat consumption.At the regional level, spatial disparities in dietary patterns were mapped and optimized to balance nutrition, affordability, and environmental footprints across China’s diverse provinces. The results has shown that the variation in required food intake is highly province-specific. In general, there isa need to reduce the intake of meat, grains, and edible oils and increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, tubers, and dairy products. Province-specific dietary shifts could reduce the carbon, water, land, nitrogen, and phosphorus footprints of China’s food consumption by 9.5–25.3%, 10.7–19.1%,22.4–32.9%, 30.8–40.2%, and 21.4–34.5%, respectively, while meeting the daily recommended intake of essential nutrients and not exceeding current food expenditures.This multi-dimensional analysis highlights that sustainable dietary transitions require targeted approaches that recognize the interconnectedness of ingredient composition, cooking practices, population behaviors, and regional contexts. By integrating these dimensions, the proposed framework enables both bottom-up analyses of how specific ingredient combinations and cooking methods impact nutritional and environmental outcomes and how they drive population-based daily dietary choices, as well as top-down assessments of region-specific optimization potential. This comprehensive approach provides policymakers and stakeholders with a more nuanced understanding of intervention opportunities across scales, offering evidence-based guidance to promote dietary changes that simultaneously advance nutritional performance, healthiness environmental sustainability within China's complex and rapidly evolving food system.<br/
”Jeg løber panden mod en mur – konstant”:Om fængslingens betydning for adgangen til sundhedsbehandling
No full textI denne artikelbaserede afhandling undersøges, hvordan individets adgang til sundhedsbehandling på virkes under fængsling, samt hvilken betydning ligestillingsprincippet har for adgangen til sundhedsbehandling. Problemstillingen er belyst gennem i alt fem artikler, som giver indsigt i, hvordan adgangen til sundhedsbehandling påvirkes af indsættelse i et fængsel ud fra retlige og empiriske indgangsvinkler. Artiklernes tematikker omhandler 1) muligheden for at klage over adgangsmæssige begrænsninger, 2) restriktioner under COVID-19, 3) sundhedsrettigheder hos gruppen af fængslede uden CPR-nummer, 4) skønudøvelse ved ordination af medicin samt 5) sundhedspersonalets dobbelte loyalitetskrav. Det empiriske materiale i afhandlingen er indsamlet gennem et etnografisk feltarbejde, som er gennemført i tre fængsler og tre arrester i Danmark. Der er foretaget interviews med i alt 39 forskellige fængslede personer og 11 sundhedspersonaler samt gennemført observation (N = 156 timer). Dertil redegøres for ligestillingsprincippet ved inddragelse af national ret inden for sundhed og straffuldbyrdelse samt Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskonvention med henblik på at forstå princippets rolle i sundhedsbehandlingen.Den teoretiske ramme udgøres af Felstiner et al.’s (1999; 1981) teori om den før-retlige sagstransformation med udgangspunkt i faserne naming, blaming og claiming. Gennemgående er også den teoretiske vinkel om fængselsspecifikke smerter (Hayes, 2018; Sykes, 2007 [1958]), som også kommer til udtryk ved fraværet eller begrænsningen af sundhedsrettigheder. Denne teoretiske ramme er med til at frem hæve sammenhænge mellem artiklernes analyser og de før-retlige aspekter, som fremgår heraf. I de fem artikler indgår desuden teoretiske koncepter, som trækker på Thomas Mathiesens (1965) begreb om ’censoriousness’, Lorbers (1975) om ’problem’ patienter sammen med Lipsky’s (2010 [1980]) begrebssætning om frontlinjemedarbejder og afslutningsvist Bloche (1999) om loyalitetskrav i sundhedspersonalets praksis. I den teoretiske rammesætning af artiklerne vises det, at sundhedsbehandlingen i kriminalforsorgen er påvirket af fængselsmæssige og strukturelle omstændigheder, som medfører, at fængslets opbygning omkring sikkerhedsmæssige hensyn skaber barrierer.Det konkluderes, at adgangen til sundhedsbehandling kan begrænses med henvisning til sikkerheds- og ordensmæssige hensyn, men begrænses også på grund af retlige forhold, f.eks. ved manglende bopælsregistrering. Analysen viser, at retten til sundhed er forbundet med (og begrænset af) de sikkerheds- og ordensmæssige hensyn, som bl.a. kommer til udtryk i den transformationsproces, som fængslede personers sociale problemstillinger gennemgår, før de bliver til en egentlig sag. De retlige begrænsninger reflekteres dertil i sundhedspersonalets praksis, hvor mødet med fængslede personer er præget af sikkerheds- og driftsmæssige overvejelser, f.eks. i forbindelse med beslutninger om transport ud af huset eller ordination af medicin. Dertil ses barrierer, som ikke direkte kan tilskrives sikkerhedshensynene, men de afsavn som følger af frihedsberøvelsen, og som påvirker individets opfattelse af sig selv som et rettighedsbærende individ og som bidrager til at forværre afsavn og smerter, hvilket vanskeliggør indi videts aktivering af sundhedsrettigheder.This article-based PhD thesis investigates how the individual’s access to healthcare is affected during imprisonment and the impact of the principle of equivalence on access to healthcare. The problem formulation is explored through five articles that provide insights into how access to healthcare is affected by imprisonment from legal and empirical perspectives. The articles address the following themes: 1) complaint options about healthcare issues, 2) restrictions during COVID-19, 3) health rights of imprisoned individuals without Danish CPR-registration, 4) discretion when prescribing medication, and 5) dual loyalty conflicts of healthcare professionals practicing in prisons. The empirical data in the thesis has been collected through ethnographic fieldwork conducted in three Danish prisons and three remand prisons. Interviews were conducted with a total of 39 imprisoned people and 11 healthcare professionals. Further, observation studies have been carried out (N = 156 hours). The principle of equality is described through the inclusion of national law in health and sentence execution as well as the European Convention on Human Rights in order to understand its role in health care.The theoretical framework consists of Felstiner et al’s (1981) theory regarding the pre-dispute case transformation, taking a starting point the phases of naming, blaming and claiming. Throughout the analysis is also the theoretical angle of prison specific pains (Hayes, 2018; Sykes, 2007 [1958]) that are inherent in the deprivations and limitations related to healthcare rights experienced by the imprisoned people. This theoretical framework will also emphasise relations between the articles’ analyses and the pre-dispute aspects that appears hereof. In the five articles, the theoretical concepts applied are drawn from Mathiesen’s (1965) concept of ’censoriousness, Lorber’s (1975) ’problem’ patients together with Lipsky’s (2010 [1980]) conceptual foundation of street-level bureaucrats and finally, Bloche’s concept of loyalty in healthcare staff’s practices. In the theoretical framework of the articles, it is shown that healthcare provisions in prison are influenced by the prison and structural circumstances, which results in security considerations creating barriers.It is concluded that access to healthcare can be restricted due to the prison’s tasks of security and order, but can also be limited due to legal reasons, such as lack of residence registration. The analysis shows that the right to health is connected to and restricted by the prison’s focus on security and order. This is demonstrated in the pre-dispute transformation process that the imprisoned people’s social cases go through before turning into a legal case. Legal restrictions are reflected in the practices of healthcare staff, where interactions with imprisoned individuals are shaped by the prison’s security and operational priorities. This is evident in decisions concerning transfers to external healthcare facilities and in the prescribing of medication. Finally, barriers, which stem not only from security concerns but from the inherent deprivations of imprisonment, affect the individual's self-perception as a right-bearing subject. These barriers exacerbate prison-specific pains and complicate the exercising of healthcare rights
Parent and Therapist Perceptions of Early Therapy for Infants With or at Risk of Cerebral Palsy:A Scoping Review
No full textBACKGROUND: Currently, the early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) or risk of CP is recommended to enable targeted and specific intervention. The provision of early therapy is a complex practice that places high demands on both parents and therapists. More knowledge about the perceptions of parents and therapists is needed to help the implementation of family-centred early therapy interventions that are based on recent evidence in clinical practice. This scoping review aims to identify the extent of literature and summarize the evidence exploring parents' and therapists' experiences of early occupational and physical therapy for infants with or at risk of CP.METHOD: The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The experiences of parents and therapists were categorized using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: In total, 16 studies published between 2018 and 2024 were included. Parent-reported experiences were included in 15 studies and therapist-reported experiences in three. The content analysis resulted in five categories reflecting perceptions of valued and challenging aspects of early therapy. Four categories concerned parents' perceptions: parental commitment, parent-therapist collaboration, parents as training providers and parental education. One category concerned therapists' perceptions: providing guidance and educating parents.CONCLUSION: Insight into perceptions of early therapy highlights the importance of professional coordination of intervention, specific training of therapists, managing parents' feelings of uncertainty and balancing parents' engagement in their role as treatment providers and the pressure they may experience from the responsibility this role entails. This finding contributes important knowledge for the successful implementation of family-centred and evidence-based early therapy interventions in clinical practice for infants with or at risk of CP. A limited number of studies exploring therapists' perceptions were identified, which indicates a knowledge gap and a need for further research.</p