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The SPECIAL EPD Database: an expanded resource to document changes in vegetation and climate from pollen records from Europe, the Middle East and western Eurasia
Get PDFPast changes in vegetation can be reconstructed with pollen records from sedimentary archives to make quantitative reconstructions of climate variables. The SPECIAL-EPD is an expanded database of pollen records from Europe, the Middle East and western Eurasia. It is based on data from public data repositories, a pollen compilation spanning the Middle East, and data supplied by the original authors for the Iberian peninsula and other regions. There has been thorough quality control applied to the data, and errors have been fixed and recorded.
New BACON Bayesian age models, based on the recalibration of radiocarbon ages using INTCAL2020 are provided for all the records. The pollen records have been taxonomically harmonised and the counts at this level are provided in the "clean" table. They have then been standardised at two further levels: one provides taxonomically harmonised counts at species level for woody plants and genus level for other plants ("intermediate" table); the second provides a further amalgamation of rare taxa into higher taxonomic groups (genus, sub-family, family as appropriate), after ensuring that this was consistent with their distribution in climate space ("amalgamated" table).
The SPECIAL-EPD database now contains 1758 entities from 1576 sites. New age models have been run for 1598 for the entities in total
Dataset supporting the article 'Anion-dependent strength scale of interactions in ionic liquids from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics, and density functional theory'
No full textThis compressed file is supplementary to the article 'Anion-dependent strength scale of interactions in ionic liquids from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics, and density functional theory'. Its contents are two-fold: (1) Experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data of a select few ionic liquids studied in the article, in .vms format which can be accessed using CasaXPS and (2) The input and (some) output files of all the ionic liquids studied computationally. These computational files will allow you to replicate both the ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) (calculated using CP2K) and the density functional theory (DFT) (calculated using VASP) calculations shown in the article
Data from: The benefits of integrated pest management for apple depend on pest type and production metrics
No full textThese data were extracted from 55 studies across 20 countries to conduct a meta-analysis that quantifies the benefits and limitations of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in apple systems. Each study was assigned a number (Column A). The first author (Column B), year of publication (Column C), journal name (Column D), the title (Column E) and location of the study (Column F) was recorded.
Data were categorised into five variables (Column G) and specific metrics (Column H), sub-metrics (Column I) and units of measurement (Column J) associated with the variables were recorded.
The common or scientific name (type; Column K, species; Column L) of the insect or plant disease was recorded. The Order (Column M), Family (Column N) and feeding guild (i.e. feeding strategy; Column O) of crop pest and ecologically-beneficial insects was recorded.
The level of IPM was scaled for each study according to the level of IPM adoption (based on the presence of four facets of IPM; cultural [C], biological [B], mechanical [M] and reduced/alternative chemical pesticides [P]. As such, the conventional or control treatment [Column P], the IPM treatment (Column R) and organic treatment (Column U) was assigned a score (Column Q, S and V, respectively). The difference between conventional and IPM production (Column T) and conventional and organic production (Column W) was calculated.
The source of data extraction within the study was recorded (Column X). The number of replicates (Columns Y, Z and AA), mean values (Columns AB, AC and AD) and standard deviations were extracted for conventional, IPM and organic systems, respectively. These were recorded for the five variables, where data were available
Data supporting 'Anhedonia and its subcomponent processes predict symptoms of clinical depression and loneliness in young people'
No full textAnhedonia is a core symptom of depression and is the reduced interest and pleasure in normally rewarding experiences. Anhedonia is considered a risk factor for future episodes of depression. Anhedonia is implicated in social withdrawal and, therefore, could lead to loneliness, another risk factor for depression. The aim of this study was to examine how anhedonia and its subcomponents relate to depression and loneliness symptoms in young people over time.
Participants included young people (N = 275) aged 17-25 years (M = 20.53, SD = 2.17), with a range of depression symptoms [Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)] and were recruited from local schools and the student population via the School of Psychology research panel, online advertisements, and posters.
All participants completed the Anhedonia Scale for Adolescents (ASA), which has three subscales: 1) Enjoyment, Excitement, and Emotional Flattening (negatively framed); 2) Enthusiasm, Connection, and Purpose (positively framed); and 3) Effort, Motivation, and Drive (negatively framed), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Participants were reimbursed for their time and effort by being entered into a draw for a £50 Amazon voucher. Participants who consented to take part in the follow-up phase were contacted via email ~four months after the initial data collection. Of these participants, 172 provided follow-up data. To reimburse their effort at four four-month follow up, we entered participants into a further draw for one of five £50 Amazon vouchers. 103 participants could not be contacted for follow-up assessment, had discontinued the study, or provided incomplete data. We examined the relationships between anhedonia, loneliness, and depression with regression analyses.
Our results confirm the association between anhedonia symptoms and depression and loneliness. Our results also show that anhedonia measured with the ASA, a novel anhedonia questionnaire, predicts increases in depression over time and potentially loneliness over time too. This work confirms anhedonia as an important target for treatment interventions for depression. Further, knowing the specific anhedonia sub-components that predict increases in depression and loneliness can guide more tailored anhedonia treatment development
Integrating food and energy production on farmland: database of decision support tools (DSTs)
Get PDFDecision support tools (DSTs) can be used by farmers to support decision making on-farm through a wide range of processes and activities. Value4Farm is a collaborative initiative funded by the EU Horizon Europe program and aims to increase on-farm renewable energy production while preserving food production, soil health, biodiversity, and reducing water and fertiliser usage. This research sought to explore the range of DSTs available to farmers to support food and energy production and the integration of food and energy production on farmland.
A search of databases, including Web of Science, online education providers, organisations working with farmers and publications was undertaken and a range of DSTs focusing on aspects of food and energy production were identified. A variety of features of each DST was explored and recorded, including its aims, methods of use and geographical scope.
This spreadsheet contains a full list of DSTs identified and evaluated, with a brief description of the DST, its scope and purpose for users, the process and outputs users receive from the DST, languages the DST interface is available in, the cost to farmers for using the DST and a link to the DST
Rodent behavioural data and Matlab codes for repeated textured Novel Object Recognition tests (tNORTs)
Get PDFThis study designed repeated tNORTs to investigate whisker sensitivity of rodents. It consisted of 2 sets of tests. (1) Object shape bias tests (OSBTs). (2) tNORTs. Eight rats were used throughout the study.
The OSBTs were conducted in 8 days (Test day 1 ~ day 8) using 8 different objects (Object I ~ Object VIII). Each test involved 2 objects of the same shape placed in an arena (positioned at Left and Right).
After OSBTs, rats performed five tNORTs (Test 1 ~ Test 5), with different grit-size sandpapers used for each test. The stopping criterion was when rats failed to discriminate different textures in two tests with finer grit sizes. Each tNORT consisted of a sample phase with two objects (L and R) covered by the same sandpaper, and a test phase with two objects covered by the same sandpaper (F) and a novel sandpaper (N).
The behaviour of the rat was recorded via a video camera for all tests. The video was analysed using �The Observer XT� from Noldus to find rat exploration times (in seconds) of the Left and the Right objects, or the Familiar and Novel objects.
Matlab code used to analyse the data are included with the dataset.
Two video files from a tNORT experiment of the sample and test phases, respectively, are also included with the dataset
Dataset supporting the article 'Controlling and predicting alkyl-onium electronic structure'
No full textThis compressed file is supplementary to the article 'Controlling and predicting alkyl-onium electronic structure'. Its contents are two-fold: (1) Experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data of all ionic liquids studied in the article, in .vms format which can be accessed using CasaXPS and (2) The output files of all the ionic liquids studied computationally. These computational files will allow you to replicate the lone-ion-SMD (Solvation Model based on Density) Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using Gaussian 16 shown in the article
Data from perennial flower margins reduce orchard fruit damage by rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Homoptera: Aphididae).
No full textData were collected from ten conventional commercial apple orchards in Kent, UK. They include the number of Rosy aphid infested shoots, the number of apples, and the number of Rosy aphid damaged fruits on 45 trees per orchard which were systematically searched (2021 and 2022). They also include the number of bait aphids remaining on sentinel bait cards in the same orchards on a subset of those trees (2021). This also includes the abundance of natural enemies and other taxa of interest found during the surveys. These data are all in tabular form (excel files)
A case study from the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Chelsea Flower Show looking at increasing awareness of invasive species through public engagement
No full textSupporting information and data associated with a case study which looked at increasing awareness of invasive species through public engagement at the Discovery Zone of the RHS Chelsea Flower Show in 2019.
The aim of this case study was to achieve effective public engagement with gardeners on the issue of invasive species. This was achieved through two goals: 1) to communicate invasion science (focusing on ornamentals); and 2) to engage with gardeners to collect data for identifying potential 'future invaders'.
This forms supporting information and data for chapter 3 of PhD thesis: 'Ornamental plants: our future invaders? Engaging with gardeners to tackle the issue of invasive species'
Data supporting: 'Internalized stigma is a predictor of mental health secrecy and loneliness in young people with depression symptoms: a longitudinal study'
No full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the main cause of disease and disability among young people worldwide (Achterbergh et al., 2020), with over 40% of first episodes occurring before the age of 20 (Malhi & Mann, 2018). Those with depression are met with stigma - others' negative societal views, including stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminatory behaviours (Joseph S DeLuca, 2020) - concerning their mental health that extends to global judgments of them as individuals (Katie Prizeman et al., 2023). Public stigma occurs when others act in a stigmatizing manner toward those who have mental illnesses, and internalized stigma occurs when those who have mental illness buy into stigmatizing stereotypes and anticipate that their diagnosed illness will be associated with those labels. Disclosing depression to others might not only make social connections more difficult, but it may also reduce the opportunity for treatment.
As stigma may, in fact, be responsible for increased feelings of loneliness and a lack of disclosure, the aim of this research was to examine two alternative explanations for predicting social outcomes in young people with depression: namely, we explored whether it is depression symptoms directly or the stigma surrounding it that drives mental health secrecy and loneliness observed in this population.
N = 275 young people (M = 20.5 years, SD = 2.2) aged 17-25 years with a range of depression symptoms [Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) - a score of [greater than or equal to] 27 considered clinical levels] were recruited from local schools and the student population via the University of Reading School of Psychology research panel, online advertisements, and posters. Participants also completed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory (ISMI-9*) to assess stigma, the 5-Item Link's Secrecy Scale to assess secrecy, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA) to assess loneliness. N = 172 participants completed the same measures again at follow-up, one month later. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between stigma, depression, secrecy, and loneliness.
Novel treatments for depression are needed that directly target internalized mental health stigma, as it has been found that the stigma associated with depression leads to secrecy. While mental health secrecy may temporarily safeguard people from stigma, it can also worsen negative effects such as loneliness, social isolation, and wellbeing. Future studies should examine the best ways to reduce internalized stigma and whether this can be achieved via current treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapies. It would also be of interest to know if and how psychopharmacological treatments impact internalized stigma