Madonna University, Nigeria - Open Access Journal System
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TRANSBOUNDARY WATER GOVERNANCE AND REGIONAL SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA, GHANA, AND NIGER REPUBLIC
No full textIn West Africa, where numerous river basins cross national borders and support the livelihoods of millions of people, water is both a vital resource and a potential source of conflict. This study focuses on the Niger, Volta, and Lake Chad river basins that Nigeria, Ghana, and the Niger Republic share to examine the dynamics of transboundary water governance and regional security in West Africa. The paper investigates how governance systems, hydro-politics, and resource inequalities influence cooperation or contention among riparian states using secondary data from academic publications, institutional reports, and international frameworks. Using a theoretical framework of political ecology and collective action, the analysis highlights the interplay between environmental pressures, power dynamics, and governance processes in the management of water resources. The results show that although regional organizations such as ECOWAS, the Niger Basin Authority (NBA), and the Volta Basin Authority (VBA) have created frameworks for integrated water resource management, collective security and sustainable governance are compromised by implementation gaps, inadequate institutional capacity, and conflicting national interests. The study concluded that transboundary water governance is a crucial area for environmental sustainability, peacebuilding, and regional integration in West Africa. For long-term regional water security, it is advised to strengthen collaborative management institutions, encourage fair benefit-sharing, and improve adaptive governance capabilities
EXAMINING THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LEADERSHIP STYLES IN SELECTED MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN NIGERIA.
No full textEffective leadership is one of the most essential aspects that lead to the success of an organisation, particularly in multinational corporations where multicultural working teams and high-risk environments require adaptability in leadership styles. The effect of personality traits on leadership styles in selected multinational corporations in Nigeria was is examined in this present study to bridge the gap in knowledge on the effectiveness of a leader in complex business environments. This study adopts the quantitative research methodology, and data were collected from 398 employees through a structured questionnaire using an online Google form. Using the regression analysis, this research confirmed that leadership styles and personality traits are statistically significant but with a weak connection (R = 0.276, R² = 0.076, p = 0.000), as only 7.6% of leadership style can be attributed to personality traits. ANOVA analysis also indicated that personality factors significantly influenced democratic leadership (p = 0.001), laissez-faire leadership (p = 0.017), and transformational leadership (p = 0.000) but not autocratic leadership (p = 0.094). This suggests that it is a combination of situational and personal factors that influence the effectiveness of a leader, which supports the contingency theory of leadership. This study is a contribution to leadership literature in highlighting the limited predictive power of personality traits and the need for organisations to adopt contextual and adaptive models of leadership development
DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY IN AFRICA: A THEORETICAL REVIEW
No full textThis review provides a critical analysis of the theoretical frameworks that underpin the relationship between development and security in Africa. The study examines the modernization theory, dependency theory, Human Security approach and Postcolonial theory highlighting their strengths and limitations in understanding the complex dynamics between development and security in the region. The review demonstrates that the relationship between development and security is characterized by multiple factors, including poverty, inequality, political instability, and external factors such as colonialism, imperialism, and global capitalism. The study argues that a nuanced understanding of the relationship between development and security is essential for developing effective policies and strategies to address the security challenges facing Africa. The findings highlight the need for a multifaceted approach that addresses the root causes of poverty, inequality, and political instability, while also recognizing the role of external factors in shaping the security landscape. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of considering multiple perspectives and theoretical frameworks when analyzing the relationship between development and security in Africa. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between development and security in the region, informing policy and practice towards more effective and sustainable solutions
WHY SEPARATIST AGITATION IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA IS INTRACTABLE
No full textThe southeast geopolitical zone has in recent times experienced death, destruction and high level of kidnapping as a result of separatist activities in the region. The activities of the separatists, which have contributed to the kidnapping of about 40.2 percent of civilians in 2022, attack on security personnel, targeted killings of politicians has likened the region, akin to war zone. These separatist attacks, although engendered by genuine grievances over the economic and political marginalization of Southeasterners by the Nigerian government, has been hijacked by opportunists to actualize their economic ambitions. In interrogating this phenomenon, data was collected through the use of the documentary method and analyzed using the content analysis. The ex-post factor research design was employed. The grievances and greed theory was employed as our theoretical framework. The study argues that separatist conflict in southeast, Nigeria have become intractable. We further highlighted that the conflict is been sustained by greed, as the conflict has created a war economy that has enabled opportunistic behavior by Nigerian Security forces, separatists and criminals, thus escalating and prolonging the conflict leading to its intractability. In stemming this tide, we recommended that the adoption of both the kinetic and non-kinetic measures by the Nigerian State in managing separatist conflict in the southeast
A Psycholinguistic Study of Self-efficacy and Linguistic Anxiety Among Selected Second Language Learners in UNIZIK, Awka
No full textNumerous affective factors exert influence in the instructional and educational processes within the domain of English as a second language. The concepts of English language anxiety and self-efficacy are indicative of learners’ responses to the environment in which language learning takes place and investigating these factors is of utmost importance within an educational setting. In most cases, students experience low self-efficacy, which is caused by excessive anxiety that impact negatively on their mindsets and behaviours than those with high self-efficacy, despite the fact that English is widely used in many aspects of life. Although there are numerous studies on self-efficacy in educational environment, to the best of our knowledge, none has researched on its impact on students of English language. This study investigated how students of English at UNIZIK, Awka perceived themselves and equally wondered whether these students have high or low self-efficacy towards the English language learning. The study is significant since it uncovers reasons for students' anxiety in the process of learning English language skills. The sample size of 20 students (10 each) were purposively drawn from the Department of English Language and Literature, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka from both 100 and 200 levels within the 2022/2023 academic year. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the researchers anchored on the descriptive methods analysis through Social Cognitive Theory propounded by Albert Bandura in 1986 which emphasizes that learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior. The findings revealed that when anxiety is high in learning environment, internalisation will be low. Thus, the researchers recommended among others that learners with higher level of self-efficacy can succeed in ESL learning, which are believed will help learners to manage and overcome these problems
Appraising the Use of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Language of African Magic Igbo
No full textIn speech communication, typical linguistic strategies like code-switching and code-mixing are used either intentionally or unintentionally. Code-mixing refers to the transfer of linguistic units from one code into another or their combination, whereas code-switching is the ability to switch or alternate between two or more languages within the framework of a single discussion. The cinematic production is distinguished by realistic audiovisual depictions in movies using linguistic styles. The study examines prevalent uses of code-switching and code-mixing in the language of African Magic Igbo film episodes using textual analysis. Results showed notable cases of code-switching and code-mixing in the chosen movies, supporting the possibility that the Igbo language has been tainted. However, the study also discovered that code-switching and code-mixing contributed certain cinematic elements to the comprehension of the storylines of particular films. It is advised that there be more awareness regarding the employment of pure Igbo languages in all linguistic contexts and Igbo-content filmmaking. Additionally, there needs to be more focus placed on educating the next generation how to write and speak in Igbo. Igbo letter system keyboards and other pertinent phone applications that support Igbo language learning can be used to actualize thi
Digitalization of Asynchronous Instructional Delivery as Correlate of Functional Skills Development among Business Education Students in Colleges of Education in South-East Nigeria
No full textThis Study investigates digitalization of instructional delivery as correlate of functional skills development among Business Education students in Colleges of Education in south- east States, Nigeria. The main purpose of this study is to determine how digitalization of instructional delivery correlate functional skills development among business education students in colleges of education in South East Nigeria. To guide this study, two research questions were raised while a hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The research design adopted for the study was a correlational survey. The study population comprised 123 Business educators in the public Colleges of Education in South East States. There was no sampling because the population was manageable. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by the researcher`s supervisors and three other experts of measurement and evaluation all from Madonna University Nigeria. The reliability of instrument was established using Cronbach alpha statistics that yielded total alpha value of 0.81. Pearson product moment correlation was used to answer the research questions, while multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The summary of results revealed that the overall ANOVA summary of multiple regression based on computer skills, and internet skills as predicted by digitalization of asynchronous instructional model is statistically significant. Based on the findings, it was concluded that digitalization of instructional delivery variables of asynchronous are determinants of business education’s functional skills acquisition in colleges of education in South-East States. In other words, asynchronous instructional model collectively predicts functional skills of computer and internet skills of business education students. Recommendations were made among others that; Colleges of education should strive to adopt asynchronous instructional model in the teaching of functional skill of computer to business education students which will not only help maintain their core competencies but also enhance their job competitivenes
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for advancing the learning of French Language in Nigeria
No full textThis paper explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the learning of French language, culture, and communication development in Nigeria. With the increasing importance of multilingualism and intercultural competence in a globalized world, the need for effective language education is paramount. However, traditional approaches to language learning often face challenges in accessibility, scalability, and personalization. AI presents a promising solution to address these issues by offering personalized, adaptive, and interactive learning experiences. Through the integration of AI-driven technologies such as natural language processing, machine learning, and intelligent tutoring systems, educators can create immersive and engaging environments for language learners. This abstract outlines the key components of AI-enhanced language learning and discusses the potential impact on promoting linguistic and cultural diversity, fostering international collaboration, and preparing individuals for global citizenship. Additionally, it examines the specific context of Nigeria, where French proficiency is increasingly valued for academic, professional, and diplomatic purposes. By leveraging AI, Nigeria can overcome barriers to language education and empower its citizens to effectively engage with Francophone communities, thereby contributing to socio-economic development and cultural exchange on both regional and global scales. This study employed both quantitative and qualitative data analysis to interpret findings from survey, experimental studies and longitudinal analysis
DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A STUDY ON NIGERIA, GHANA AND SOUTH AFRICA
No full textIn recent years, the relationship between democracy and development in Africa has attracted significant scholarly and policy interest, particularly regarding the divergent trajectories of Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa. This study examines the three countries on different levels of democratic consolidation, institutional resilience, and socio-economic outcomes, providing a useful comparative lens for understanding how governance structures influence development. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach to the relationship between democracy and development in Africa; a study on Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa and the theoretical review draws from theoretical framework of the Social Democratic Developmental-State Theory. The study recommends that Nigeria and South Africa should insulate INEC/ERC and courts from political interference and also Ghana, to enhance transparency and public accountability. The study concludes that democracy alone does not guarantee development; rather, its success depends on governance quality, the rule of law, and inclusive economic policies. Developmental gains are best achieved where democratic systems are coupled with strong, accountable institutions and transparent policy-making
NIGERIA – CHINA BILATERAL RELATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 2000 – 2025
No full textOver the years, Nigeria has suffered from infrastructural deficits in all sectors. As the population of the country kept increasing, there were no adequate measures put in place to improve the infrastructural shortfalls to cope with the increasing population. This paper examines the effects of Nigeria-China bilateral relations and infrastructural development in Nigeria with a focus on oil-for-infrastructure and loan-for-infrastructure. Studies have shown that since the year 2000, China has emerged as one of Nigeria’s largest trading and infrastructural development partners around the globe, with the trade volumes increasing significantly from 15 billion in 2020, and the investment that China has made in Nigeria’s infrastructure has increased significantly, with over 195.5 million in 2020 for infrastructural development from China to Nigeria, China in turn purchases crude oil, mineral resources and other raw materials from Nigeria for their industrial use. It was recommended, among other things, that the Nigerian government should train Nigerians on how to use the latest equipment and machinery for infrastructure for development to avoid depending on China