Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
Not a member yet
5579 research outputs found
Sort by
ESTIMATION OF LOCAL EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE FROM MACROSEISMIC INTENSITY DATA AT IGBOGENE, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA.
No full textof these tremors went unrecorded due to the lack of monitoring seismic stations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the location parameters for the June 10, 20216 earth tremor, which was widely felt in parts of Bayelsa and Rivers States (with attendant damage to infrastructure) but was not recorded by any seismic stations. The method involves the acquisition of Macroseismic Intensity data using structured questionnaires and administered to residents (such as technicians, artisans, farmers, traders, students, health workers, academicians, and other professionals from other sectors) of the affected communities; as well as visual observations to estimate the damage caused by the tremor. The results revealed that the tremor’s epicenter was located at Igbogene, a border town between Rivers and Bayelsa States, with intensities III-V on the Modified Mercalli scale, and estimated magnitudes of 3.0-3.6 on the Richter scale. We also established that the significant damage to structures in the affected communities was due to soil amplification, given the relatively small magnitude of the event. This study has addressed the research gap regarding the location and magnitude of an earthquake that seismic stations could not record. The findings are significant as they will be applied in similar situations in the future, thereby improving our understanding of Nigeria\u27s seismicity and seismotectonic context. 
THE SUITABILITY OF ILLITIC CLAYS FROM LEKE-ONUEME SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DURABLE STONEWARE TILE CERAMICS
No full textAbstract Illitic-rich clays, with their hygroscopic properties, are widely valued in brick-making and stoneware tile ceramics. This study investigates the mineralogical, geochemical, and technical properties of illitic-rich clays from Leke-Onueme, Southeastern Nigeria, as a viable raw material source. Technological tests, including firing linear shrinkage, water absorption, mass loss, bulk density, and flexural strength, were conducted on cylindrical specimens at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000°C. XRD analysis revealed that the clays are interstratified with illite-kaolinite, containing significant amounts of quartz and minor flux-inducing minerals. Geochemical results indicated substantial SiO₂ (49.02-54.14%), Al₂O₃ (6.526.93%), and K₂O (1.02-1.41%) content, with a sum of exchangeable bases (CaO+MgO+Fe₂O₃+Na₂O+K₂O) between 15.84% to 19.77%, suggesting a high fluxing oxide content favorable for glassy phase formation and vitrification at lower temperatures. The clay workability chart confirmed acceptable extrusion characteristics, and organic matter content along with loss on ignition values were positive across samples. Mechanical strength improved notably with temperature due to dense, vitrified, and sintered microstructures facilitated by the fluxing action of minor oxides. Illite and kaolinite concentrations, alongside quartz content, contributed to the clays\u27 firing behavior, promoting vitrification and hematite crystallization that resulted in coloration. The extensive analysis showed that the clays meet the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM international) and Chinese standards for ceramic production. This also confirms their viability as high-quality raw materials for manufacturing of stoneware tiles, bricks, roof tiles, binders, and other structural components, indicating significant potentials in ceramic production. 
Hydrocarbon Potential Assessment of OLUS Field through Integrated Petrophysical and Seismic characterization of Cretaceous-Tertiary Reservoirs, Calabar Flank, Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria
No full textAs frontier exploration expands, the Calabar Flank remains underexplored due to the lack of detailed quantitative reservoir evaluation in the south-eastern part of Nigeria, despite the promising geological conditions of the region for hydrocarbon accumulations. This study assesses the hydrocarbon potential of the OLUS Field in Calabar Flank by integrating petrophysical analysis, seismic interpretation, volumetric estimation and depositional environment. Petrophysical evaluation reveals high-quality reservoirs with net-to-gross ratios of 0.81-0.95, porosity up to 0.37, favourable hydrocarbon saturations, and low bulk volume water, indicating laterally continuous pay zones. Seismic evaluation identifies fault-bounded closures and rollover anticline structures. The assessment of direct hydrocarbon indication and the amplitude conformity with structures further gives credibility to the presence of hydrocarbon within the exploration areas. Volumetric estimates show substantial un-risked STOIIP with deep-level leads of OLUS South and OLUS East dominating due to large GRVs despite lower reservoir quality. At the same time, mid-level prospects of OLUS North and OLUS East offer lower-risk targets. Depositional analysis indicates a Cretaceous transgressive sequence from fluvial-deltaic to shallow marine carbonates and open marine shales, controlled by sea-level fluctuations and tectonics. The integrated results highlight multiple play types with varying risk and scale, providing a framework for prioritizing exploration targets and guiding field development
A Confounding Plans in a 2K Facorial Design
No full textWhen the number of treatments is greater than the available blocks in 2k factorial experiments confounding becomes necessary to reduce the block size as well as reduce experimental errors. It is also unavoidable when the treatments are greater than the block size. 2k factorial confounding plans were studied with k = 2, 3, 4 and k > 4. Confounding when k = 2 and 3 is not necessary as the treatment combinations are not much. However, from k > 4, confounding becomes necessary as the treatment combinations are many. From our confounding plans, it is only in 24 that all the main effects are found in one block when confounded with ABCD. The result is not the same with k > 4. Therefore, when many factors are needed is an experiment, the 24 factorial experiment is recommended
EXTENT OF UTILIZATION OF ICT- BASED FACILITIES IN KINDERGARTEN READING INSTRUCTION IN MARSHALL DISTRICT, MARGIBI COUNTY, LIBERIA
No full textThis study examined the extent of utilization of ICT – Based facilities in kindergarten reading instruction within Marshall District, Liberia. Two research questions and two hypotheses were posted to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 348 Early Childhood teachers in 115 ECE schools in rural and urban areas in Marshall District, Margibi County. All the 348 ECE teachers were used for the study. However, only 174 respondents properly filled and returned the questionnaire. Data were collected using a self-structured instrument titled Extent of Utilization of ICT-Based Facilities in Kindergarten Reading Instruction Questionnaire (EUIBSKRIQ). The instrument was validated by three experts in the field of Education. The reliability coefficients were obtained using the Cronbach Alpha method which yielded 0.90 and 0.73 confirming strong internal consistency of the instrument. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used for analysis, while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significance level using t-test statistics. Findings revealed that ICT facilities are used to a low extent, with teachers relying mainly on basic tools such as printers and literacy apps, while advanced technologies like computers, smartphones, and internet services remain underutilized (grand mean = 2.27). Significant disparities were observed between urban and rural schools, reflecting inequities in infrastructure and access. Despite these limitations, teachers expressed strong confidence in ICT’s effectiveness for enhancing phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension (grand mean = 3.13), indicating that external constraints rather than resistance hinder integration. Years of teaching experience also influenced ICT use, with experienced teachers adapting tools more effectively. The study recommends strengthening infrastructure, ensuring equitable resource distribution, and providing continuous training and mentorship to align teachers’ positive perceptions with practical opportunities for ICT integration in early childhood classrooms
SATIRE AND RESISTANCE IN POSTCOLONIAL NIGERIAN DRAMA: A LITERARY STUDY OF CHUKWUMA ANYANWU’S WRATH OF THE GODS
No full textThis paper examines Chukwuma Anyanwu’s Wrath of the Gods (2025) as a postcolonial satire that critiques authoritarianism in post-independence African societies. Drawing on the works of Fanon, Ngũgĩ, Frye, Bakhtin, and Bhabha, the study explores how the play employs indigenous aesthetics, performative irony, and orature to subvert hegemonic power and colonial residue. Fanon’s theory of postcolonial disillusionment frames the character of King Agu I as a representation of recycled colonial repression and elite betrayal of the masses. Ngũgĩ’s emphasis on cultural resistance underscores Anyanwu’s strategic use of African orality, ritual, and proverbs, which embed the play within African epistemological traditions despite its English medium. Satirical techniques, defined by Frye as tools that expose societal vices through ridicule and exaggeration, are central to the play’s political commentary and comedic structure. The play also aligns with the satirical traditions of Wole Soyinka and Femi Osofisan, further grounding it in local dramatic heritage. Bakhtin’s concept of the carnivalesque is enacted in the inversion of social hierarchies through communal storytelling and public ridicule of the king. Bhabha’s “Third Space” theory elucidates the hybrid aesthetic of the play, where colonial language and indigenous performance intersect to resist both external domination and internal tyranny. Using a qualitative research design and close textual analysis, the paper argues that Wrath of the Gods reclaims performance as a powerful site for political resistance and postcolonial critique. 
Informed Consent as a Fundamental Principle of Medical Ethics: An Examination of itsApplication in Nigerian Healthcare Settings
No full textThe patient\u27s right of consent to any medical treatment recommended by a medical practitioner is nowinternationally recognised. This consent is required by the premise of the individual\u27s inviolable rightto choose and control his own health-care situations. Consent must be free, prior, and informed. Freeindicates that permission is invalid if obtained through manipulation or coercion. Consent gainedunwillingly, under duress or coercion, may result in a battery lawsuit. The consent must be grantedvoluntarily by a patient who has capacity to so do. Prior means that consent must be obtained adequatelyin advance of any authorisation granted by medical or hospital authorities, or the initiation of hospitalactivities that influence the patient\u27s health. Informed means that the patient\u27s agreement must beobtained only after complete and legally accurate disclosure of information about the proposed medicaloperation. The disclosure must be in a form that is both accessible and clear to the patient, includingthe nature, scope, duration, potential hazards, and foreseeable consequences of the medical operation.There must be complete disclosure of information about the treatment, benefit, danger, complications,and repercussions of such a procedure. Regarding a procedure or therapy that needs to be administeredto the patient, the doctor gives all the information that is required. In Nigeria, the idea of informed,prior, and free consent is not widely recognized in the medical field. This is caused by multiple variables.First, there is the issue of Nigeria\u27s low literacy rate. Patients with limited literacy typically dependsolely on the doctor\u27s judgement. The second factor is the lack of enforcement of the right to informedconsent. Under Nigerian law, patients whose rights to informed consent have been violated have littlerecourse options. Bureaucracy also hinders the processes that are in place to enforce the right toinformed consent. This article makes the case that the legal and institutional regimes for Nigeria’sinformed consent laws are insufficient
A Critical Examination of the Legal and Institutional Framework for Protection of E-Consumers Rights in Nigeria
No full textThe rapid growth of e-commerce and digital entrepreneurship in Nigeria has revolutionized how peoplebuy, sell, and create content online. Platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok have becomeessential tools for trade, services, and creative expression. However, this digital shift has also broughtsignificant challenges for online consumers and content creators. Issues such as fraud, data breaches,unfair contract terms, sudden demonetization, and poor dispute resolution mechanisms are becomingincreasingly common. This paper takes a closer look at how well Nigeria’s legal and institutionalframeworks protect the rights of digital consumers
An Evaluation of the Functions of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission inCorrelation to the Enforcement of Section 21 of the Central Bank Act, 2007
No full textThis research critically examines the role of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)in relation to the enforcement of Section 21 of the Central Bank Act, 2007, amid concerns over thedevaluation and continuous abuse of the Nigerian Naira. Recent high-profile arrests of celebrities bythe EFCC for allegedly abusing naira notes have sparked debate about the legal authority of the EFCCto address such offenses. The study explores whether the EFCC’s mandate, defined by its enablingstatutes and case law, extends to the enforcement of Section 21, which deals with the tampering anddefacing of Naira notes. A comprehensive study of the EFCC Act reveals that the Commission’sfunctions are specifically confined to economic and financial crimes, such as fraud, money laundering,and embezzlement, which are non-violent illicit activities aimed at wealth accumulation, and are distinctfrom the currency-related offenses outlined in Section 21 of the Central Bank Act. The researchhighlights that tampering with or defacing currency does not fall within the statutory definition ofeconomic and financial crimes as per the EFCC Act. Consequently, the EFCC’s intervention in suchmatters, including the arrest and prosecution of individuals for abuse of the naira, appears to exceedits statutory authority and may be considered as overstepping its legal boundaries and can be besttermed as an act by meddlesome interlopers. The study concludes that the EFCC’s recent actions inprosecuting cases related to currency abuse are ultra vires, rendering these interventions asmeddlesome interferences rather than legitimate enforcement actions within its defined scope
The Legal Appraisal and Implications of Cross - Border Marriages between Citizen andRefugee: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and the United Kingdom
No full textThis study conducts a comprehensive legal appraisal of cross-border marriages between citizens andrefugees in Nigeria and the United Kingdom, employing a comparative analysis to elucidate thecomplexities and implications of such unions. The research explores the various types of marriagesrecognized in each jurisdiction, examining the essential validity of marriage and the legal effects ofcross-border marriages. The study reveals significant differences in marriage laws between Nigeria andthe UK, particularly regarding same-sex marriage, which is prohibited in Nigeria but recognized in theUK. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on cross-border marriages, refugee rights, andcitizenship, providing valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars seeking tonavigate the complexities of international family law. Notably, marriage emerges as a viable pathwayfor refugees to acquire citizenship in both countries. This research underscores the importance ofprotecting refugee rights in cross-border marriages and advocates for harmonized policies to ensurethe security and dignity of all individuals involved. Utilizing a doctrinal approach, this study draws ontextbooks, constitutions, and judicial precedents to provide an in-depth analysis of cross - bordermarriage in Nigeria and the United Kingdom. The Nigeria and United Kingdom relevant matrimonialcause acts and marriage laws were examined. The Primary data used included the Constitution of theFederal Republic of Nigeria, The Matrimonial Causes Act, The Marriage Act, The Gender RecognitionAct, The British Nationality Act etc. Secondary data were gathered from textbooks and online articles.It was finally concluded that marriage is one of the means where a refugee can acquire the status of acitizen in any of these jurisdictions. The study recommends enhanced legal frameworks to safeguardrefugee rights, increased awareness and education on the implications of cross-border marriage andstreamlined processes for refugee - citizenship acquisition through marriage