Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREDICTION READING STRATEGY AND 5TH GRADE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH IN BOMI COUNTY, LIBERIA
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between prediction reading strategy and 5th grade students’ academic achievement in English in Bomi County, Liberia. This study adopted the correlational survey research design. The population for the study comprises of comprises 314 public primary school teachers in 71 public primary schools in Senjeh District of Bomi County Northwestern Liberia 2022/2023 academic session. The sample for the study comprises approximately 142 teachers The instrument for data collection is a 15-item structured questionnaire which was titled the Use of Prediction Reading Strategy Questionnaire (UPRSQ). The questionnaire is structured from a pool of literature on a 4-point Likert scale of strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree with weighted scores of 4,3,2,1. The questionnaire was validated by three experts one from the department of education foundations (Measurement and Evaluation unit), one from the department of early childhood and primary education both from the Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. One validates was a classroom teacher in the Senjeh District of Bomi County, Liberia. The reliability of the instrument was established using the Cronbach alpha statistics, and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.85. The achievement scores of the 5th grade pupils in reading comprehension and grammar were collected from the classroom teachers and used in this study. Data was collected through the use of google form and emails. Data collected was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (Pearson r) and linear regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that a moderate positive relationship exists between the use of prediction reading strategy and 5th grade students’ academic achievement in reading comprehension; a low positive relationship exists between the use of prediction reading strategy and 5th grade students’ academic achievement in grammar in Senjeh District of Bomi County, Liberia. The hypothesis tested revealed that there is a significant relationship between use of prediction reading strategy and 5th grade students’ achievement in reading comprehension; also, there is a significant relationship between use of prediction reading strategy and 5th grade students’ achievement in grammar in Senjeh District of Bomi County, Liberia. Conclusions were made and it was recommended among others that teachers should endeavour to use strategies like prediction reading strategy which was reported to correlate with the subjects taught at the primary school level
LAMENTATIONS D’UN PATRIARCHISTE : ANALYSE D’AH ! LES FEMMES… D’ISAÏE BITON KOULIBALY COMME UNE RÉPLIQUE AUX ÉCRITS FEMINISTES
No full textThe French-language novel of Black Africa is characterised by an abundance of women\u27s literature, in which men are often presented as the main oppressors of women. In most of these works, men are vilified, blamed and held responsible for the subaltern, oppressed and submissive condition of women. These black women writers denounce patriarchy as a system that perpetuates the inferiorisation and marginalisation of women. In this context, this article argues that Isaïe Biton Koulibaly\u27s collection of short stories, Ah! Les femmes, is a response to African feminist narratives. Its main aim is to absolve men of any guilt while highlighting women\u27s shortcomings, both in the marital sphere and beyond. By focusing on patriarchy as a starting point, we show that the short stories in Ah! Les femmes... are a pretext for arguing for the return of patriarchy. The author seems to illustrate, through her short stories that African women are irredeemably flawed and therefore undeserving of the privileges they enjoy in contemporary Africa. Through the author\u27s work, it is clear that there is a desire to restore the retrograde patriarchal ideology, a system vigorously opposed by African feminist activists in their writings. It is concluded that writers, both men and women, should give priority to promoting gender complementarity in their works rather than adopting partisan positions.
Résumé Le roman francophone d’Afrique noire se caractérise par une production littéraire féminine foisonnante, où l’homme est souvent présenté comme le principal oppresseur des femmes. Dans la plupart de ces œuvres, il est diffamé, culpabilisé et tenu responsable de la condition subalterne, opprimée et soumise des femmes. Ces écrivaines noires dénoncent le patriarcat comme un système perpétuant l’infériorisation et la marginalisation des femmes. Dans ce contexte, cet article soutient que le recueil de nouvelles, Ah ! Les femmes d’Isaïe Biton Koulibaly constitue une réponse aux récits féministes africains. Son objectif principal est de dédouaner l’homme de toute culpabilité tout en mettant en lumière les défauts des femmes, aussi bien dans la sphère conjugale qu’au-delà. En se focalisant sur le patriarcat comme réflexion de base, nous démontrons que les nouvelles dans Ah ! Les femmes … sont un prétexte pour plaider le retour du patriarcat. L’auteur semble illustrer, à travers ses nouvelles, que les femmes africaines portent des défauts irrémédiables et par la suite, ne méritent pas les privilèges dont elles jouissent en Afrique contemporaine. A travers l’œuvre de l’auteur, il apparait clairement une volonté de restaurer l’idéologie patriarcale rétrograde, un système vigoureusement combattu par les activistes féministes africaines dans leurs écrits. Il est conclu que les écrivains, hommes comme femmes, devraient privilégier la promotion de la complémentarité des genres dans leurs œuvres plutôt que d’adopter des positions partisanes
THE USE OF THE FRENCH VERBAL ADJECTIVE BY ANGLOPHONE LEARNERS OF FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY
No full textThe French verbal adjective (adjectif verbal) is an adjective derived from the French present participle (participe présent). Just like other descriptive adjectives, it qualifies, modifies and describes a noun or pronoun. The verbal adjective being a derivative of the present participle is in some cases, especially in the masculine form, the same in spelling with the present participle. The French verbal adjective is rarely used by learners and even when they make use it, it is used wrongly because of the similarities in spelling with the French present participle. This research therefore is aimed at identifying the problems encountered by the English-speaking learners of the French language in their usage of the French verbal adjective, with the aim of proposing solutions to address the problem. To do this, we collected data from the examination in the course FRE 221: Advanced French Grammar I, taken by 80 second year students of the department of Modern European Languages, Nnamdi Azikiwe University. After analysing the results, we discovered that these learners have difficulties in their usage of the French verbal adjective. These difficulties were due in part to the negative transfer from English and the similarities that exist between the French verbal adjective and the French present participle. These problems include: problem of linguistic interference, agreement, spelling and distinction between the functions of the French verbal adjective and that of present participle. We therefore propose, among other things, that an important place in teaching be given to conscious exposure to the French grammatical structures in relation to that of English. We also suggest that a foreign language class should not be over populated in order to give room for effective teaching and learning. 
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND BRAND EQUITY IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE FROM IMO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated the effect of social media marketing strategies on brand equity within thehospitality industry in Imo State, Nigeria. In the face of increasing digitalization and changingconsumer behavior, hospitality businesses are turning to social media as a vital tool for brandpositioning and customer engagement. The study operationalised social media marketing usingfive key constructs: content quality, interactivity, platform diversity, user-generated content(UGC), and engagement metrics. These constructs were investigated within the framework ofKeller’s Customer-Based Brand Equity Model, Social Exchange Theory, and Social NetworkTheory, which collectively underscore the psychological and relational mechanismsunderpinning brand development in the digital space. A quantitative research design wasadopted, involving the development, validation and administration of a structured questionnairetitled “Social Media Marketing and Brand Equity Questionnaire” to 260 hospitality consumersacross hotels and related service firms in Imo State. The reliability of the instrument wasassessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a reliability index of 0.85, indicating a highlevel of internal consistency. Data were analysed using multiple regression and StructuralEquation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The findings reveal that all five constructs significantlyinfluence brand equity, with user-generated content and content quality emerging as the mostimpactful variables. The study offers both theoretical and practical contributions: it deepens theunderstanding of social media’s role in brand equity formation in emerging economies, and itprovides actionable insights for hospitality marketers seeking to strengthen brand-customerrelationships in competitive digital environments. 
GAMIFICATION AS A CATALYST FOR BRAND ENGAGEMENT AMONG YOUTHS IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ON STRATEGIC MARKETING OUTCOMES
No full textIn today’s digitally driven marketplace, gamification has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing consumer engagement. The purpose of this study is to examine how gamification acts as a catalyst for brand engagement among youths in Southeast Nigeria, exploring the sociocultural factors that influence strategic marketing outcomes. Grounded in consumer engagement theory, the research adopts a mixed-method approach, utilising simple random sampling to survey 380 Indomie Noodles consumers aged 18–35 across five Southeastern Nigerian states, complemented by in-depth interviews with marketing professionals. Findings reveal that sociocultural factors—particularly peer influence, collectivism, and traditional values—play a pivotal role in shaping the effectiveness of gamified marketing. Notably, family orientation exhibited a negative yet significant impact, indicating potential resistance to gamification among familycentric individuals. Among various gamification elements, rewards, leaderboards, and progress tracking significantly enhanced brand engagement, while competitions, badges, and challenges showed no notable effect. The study recommends that marketers align gamification strategies with cultural values, emphasizing communal motivators over individualistic or competitive features. Prioritizing tangible incentives and progress-based elements is essential for sustaining user interaction and maximizing brand loyalty. 
IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) ON FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF LISTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
No full textThis research is on the effects of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the quality of financial reporting among publicly traded manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study was focused on 43 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). From this group, fifteen companies were selected as the sample, based on their adherence to IFRS since 2012. Data for this study was sourced from the annual reports and financial statements of these fifteen companies, covering the period from 2013 to 2022. The analysis utilized regression techniques to evaluate the data. The findings from the regression analysis indicated that IFRS adoption has a significant positive impact on the value relevance of financial information, meaning that financial reports under IFRS are more useful for decision-making by investors and other stakeholders. However, the adoption of IFRS was found to have a significant negative effect on earnings management, suggesting that IFRS reduces the ability of companies to manipulate their earnings figures. On the other hand, the study found that IFRS had a negative but statistically insignificant effect on the timely recognition of losses, indicating that while IFRS may influence how losses are reported, the impact is not strong enough to be considered significant in this context. In light of these findings, the study recommends, among others that the information environment in Nigeria be improved to ensure that various stakeholders including investors, financial analysts, government agencies, regulatory bodies, individual investors, and researchers have access to comprehensive and transparent financial information from companies listed on the NXG
Determination of Orthometric Heights for Enhancing Built-Up Expansion in an Urban Flood Plain on Parts of Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textElevation is crucial for determining the location of points on or beneath the Earth\u27s surface, particularly in flood-prone areas. In Lokoja, many residents live in low-lying regions and river floodplains, attracted by natural resources and agricultural opportunities. However, this rapid urban growth often leads to flooding, which damages infrastructure, livelihoods, and public services. This study aimed to acquire coordinates, determine orthometric heights, and identify flood-prone areas to guide urban expansion. Researchers selected 234 points at 25-meter intervals and recorded Easting, Northing coordinates, and ellipsoidal heights using a South Galaxy Differential GPS, while with a benchmark of known orthometric height, orthometric heights were measured using a spirit levelling instrument. Various maps were generated using Surfer 13 and ArcGIS software, including contour, digital terrain, watershed, shaded relief, vector, and flood vulnerability maps. Findings indicated that areas with orthometric heights between 49m and 61m are especially vulnerable to flooding and unsuitable for development, posing significant risks to human safety. Development in these regions is deemed unsustainable and threatens the well-being of the local population
Evaluating the Consistency of GNSS Repeat Measurements: An Investigation into the Effects of Orbital Errors on Same-Time, Same-Date Observations in Different Years in Abuja, Nigeria
No full textHigh-accuracy satellite orbits and clock synchronization are vital for the International GNSS Service, supporting precise urban mapping and infrastructural development. However, by treating the predicted orbits as fixed, the orbital errors may be partially assimilated by the estimated satellite clock and hence impact the positioning solutions. This study presents the evaluation of the consistency of GNSS repeat measurements, taking interest in the investigation of the effects of orbital errors on same-time same-date observations in different years in Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopts the determination of the GNSS Static observations (minimum of two hours per session) on the chosen stations, investigation of the impact of GNSS orbital errors on repeat measurements, analyzing and characterizing sources of variability in repeated measurements. Our study shows that precise repeat observations can be attained by thoroughly mitigating errors from other observable sources, enabling reliable detection and management of recurring geodetic deformations in deformation monitoring. The RMSE values of 0.040m for both approaches demonstrate that the observations from both years exhibit comparable levels of precision and accuracy, meeting geodetic positional certainty standards. Therefore, it is recommended to perform observations with scrupulous care to eliminate other error sources impacting the precision of positional data
Comparative Site Suitability Analysis for Solar Photovoltaic Plant Using Fuzzy Overlay and AHP Models in Ondo West LGA, Nigeria
No full textIntegrating renewable energy sources is essential for sustainable development and addressing inconsistencies in power supply. This study evaluates and compares the Fuzzy Overlay and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) models for siting a solar photovoltaic (PV) plant in Ondo West LGA, Nigeria. Five key criteria influencing optimal solar energy generation were considered: solar irradiance, slope, land use/land cover, proximity to transmission lines, and proximity to road networks. The study utilised solar global horizontal irradiance (GHI) data, a digital elevation model (DEM), Landsat 8 imagery, power grid data, and road network data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were applied to assess solar resources, topography, land use, accessibility, and infrastructure. The northeastern region of the study area is the most suitable area for siting Solar PV plant. The Fuzzy Overlay model identified a highly suitable area of 2,017.42 ha, while the AHP model indicated 3,239.61 ha. Statistical analysis (t-test, α = 0.05) revealed no significant difference between the two models. However, Fuzzy MCDM is less influenced by subjective weighting, making it more effective in refining highly suitable areas. The study provides critical spatial insights to support strategic planning and decision-making in optimising solar PV deployment for enhanced energy sustainability