Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Examining the Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Efficacy of French Third Language Learners in Nigeria: A Mixed-Method Study
No full textSelf-efficacy is regarded in literature as a crucial element necessary for successful third language acquisition, yet many French third language learners in Nigeria struggle with low self-efficacy beliefs that limits their engagement and performance. This study examined the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on self-efficacy of French third language learners in Federal universities in Southeast, Nigeria using a mixed-methods design. The quantitative aspect adopted a quasi-experimental design with pretest–posttest control group while the qualitative aspect adopted a phenomenological approach. Sixty participants with low to moderate self-efficacy were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. The CBT intervention was applied to the experimental group for eight weeks. Quantitative data were gathered using an adapted Foreign Language Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (FLSEQ) and analyzed with ANCOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA. The qualitative data were obtained through session evaluation protocols and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through Thematic Content Analysis. Quantitative findings showed that CBT did not significantly improve self-efficacy. However, qualitative findings pointed to meaningful increases in learners’ confidence and willingness to attempt French tasks. These findings suggest that though meaningful increase in learners’ self-efficacy may have occurred, they were not yet developed enough to yield significant statistical change. Further findings also revealed that participants maintained their improved self-efficacy at follow-up. Discussion was based on the findings, leading to the conclusion that CBT appears effective in promoting early changes in self-efficacy, but extended CBT interventions may be necessary to convert these initial changes into statistically significant results. 
AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTHCARE IN NIGERIA
No full textThe ability of any national healthcare system to serve the interest of its citizen depends on the strength of its legal framework, and this is because it is only a viable legal framework in the national healthcare that can guarantee a standard, professional and adequate healthcare delivery services, and easy access to adequate healthcare. Nigeria’s healthcare system is regulated by several legislations, regulations, and health policies. In ensuring that the citizens have access to quality healthcare, all the three tiers of government share the legislative competence to legislate on healthcare. In exercise of these legislative functions on healthcare, there are several legislations on healthcare at the Federal and State level which regulate different aspect of healthcare in Nigeria, including one or two international treaties which are already domesticated as municipal legislations. This study sought to critically examine few of the Federal legislations that have direct impacts on healthcare in Nigeria. This article further sought to answer the following questions: how effective these legislations on healthcare in Nigeria are, and what impacts have those legislations on the healthcare system in Nigeria. In addressing some of the issues raised in this article, doctrinal method is adopted by which few legislations are examined. This study concluded that although there are legislations on healthcare in Nigeria, many of them require an amendment on the account of certain defects and their age in order to really address health concerns in Nigeria. Recommendations are therefore made for their amendment and/or repeal.
ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LEGAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
No full textThis paper examined the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in legal education in Nigeria against the rapid technological advancement and increasing global reliance on digital learning tools. Traditionally, legal education in Nigeria relied on orthodox teaching methods, heavy doctrinal instruction, and manual legal research. However, the emergence of AI-powered platforms for legal research, drafting, case analysis, and learning support began to reshape how law was taught and learned, raising important questions about effectiveness, ethics, and regulation in that regard. The paper seeks to critically analyse the contemporary issues surrounding the use of AI in Nigerian legal education, with particular emphasis on its conceptual foundations, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects. The paper sought to assess whether AI could enhance legal training without undermining academic integrity, professional competence, or the set ethical standards. This article adopted a doctrinal and analytical methodology, relying on a critical review of existing literature, policy documents, comparative experiences from jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and South Africa, and an evaluation of emerging AI platforms tailored to African legal practice. Major findings revealed that while AI holds significant potential to improve access to legal resources, research efficiency, and educational innovation, its adoption in Nigeria is constrained by infrastructural deficits, limited regulatory guidance, and concerns over over-reliance and misuse. Finally, the article recommended the structured integration of AI literacy into legal curricula, targeted capacity-building for law lecturers, the development of context-sensitive regulatory frameworks, and continuous empirical research to guide responsible and effective AI integration in Nigerian legal education.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE SERVICE DELIVERY INDUSTRY: A STUDY OF ANAMBRA STATE HEALTH INSURANCE AGENCY
No full textThis study, titled Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality in Healthcare Service Delivery Industry: A Study of Anambra State Health Insurance Agency (ASHIA), examined the effect of tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness on enrollee satisfaction. The problem arose from concerns that many healthcare providers under ASHIA fail to meet enrollees’ expectations regarding service delivery quality, particularly in areas of physical facilities, dependability, and responsiveness. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population comprised 128,537 enrollees under ASHIA, from which a sample of 200 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula and proportionately allocated across selected hospitals in Awka and Onitsha. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire grounded on SERVQUAL dimensions, and validity was assured through factor analysis, while reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s Alpha. Out of 200 questionnaires, 180 were properly completed and returned. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, with hypotheses tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness significantly affect enrollee satisfaction, with tangibles exerting the strongest influence. The study concluded that improving these three dimensions is vital to enhancing satisfaction. Recommendations include upgrading facilities, sustaining reliable service delivery, enhancing staff responsiveness, and incorporating further research on assurance and empathy. 
ANALYTICAL THINKING COMPETENCIES OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SPECIALISTS FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE IN SMEs IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated analytical thinking competencies required of information processing specialists for effective performance in SMEs crucial for effective performance in SMEs in Enugu State. Two research questions were posed, and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, and the population comprised 1,800 information processing specialists in registered SMEs in Enugu State. The sample size of 180 information processing specialists was drawn using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled “Analytical Thinking Competencies Required of Information Processing Specialists for Effective Performance Questionnaire (ATCRIPSEPQ), with 20 items, was used for data collection. The instrument was face validated using three experts in the field of education, the reliability was ascertained using a pilot-testing method, and the data collected were calculated with the Cronbach Alpha formula, which yielded reliability coefficients of .75 and .81. The researcher administered copies of the questionnaire to the respondents with the help of four research assistants adequately briefed. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed that critical thinking and problem-solving competencies are highly required for the effective performance of information processing specialists in SMEs. It was also found that gender did not influence respondents’ mean ratings of the critical thinking and problem-solving competencies required for effective performance by information processing specialists. Based on the study\u27s findings, the researchers concluded that analytical thinking competencies are highly required of information processing specialists for effective performance in SMEs in Enugu State. It was recommended that information processing specialists working in SMEs in Nigeria should be constantly retrained through in-service training, workshops, seminars, and conferences to enable them up-date their critical thinking competencies for effective performance in SME
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR.
No full textThe study analyzes the approaches to Consumer Protection in the financial service industry which plays a critical role in building and maintaining trust in the formal financial system and preserving financial stability by ensuring that financial providers operate responsibly and accountable for their market conduct with regards to consumers’ harm. Consumer Protection in essence refers to the framework of laws, regulations and institutional arrangements that safeguard consumers by ensuring fair and responsible treatment for them. The researchers are inclined to maintain that a well-functioning financial system requires a sound legal and policy framework that defines clear goals aimed at protecting consumers’ access to financial services while regulating the conduct of financial service providers.
INTERVENING EFFECT OF ATTITUDE ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN AWARENESS AND COMPLIANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study investigated how attitude mediates the relationship between tax awareness and tax compliance among SMEs in Anambra State. Three research questions guided the study, and three hypotheses were formulated and tested. The study adopted a correlational research design. The study population consisted of 2,093 registered SMEs in Anambra State, from which a sample of 393 enterprises was drawn using proportionate sampling. Data were gathered with a structured questionnaire. The instrument’s face validity was confirmed while its reliability was assessed using Cronbach\u27s Alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.79 for tax awareness, 0.74 for tax compliance, and 0.84 for tax attitude. Data was analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) while regression analysis was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated a generally positive but low correlation between tax awareness and tax compliance among SMEs in Anambra State. It was concluded that while SME owners in Anambra State demonstrate a reasonable level of tax awareness, positive tax attitudes, and compliance behaviours, these factors alone do not significantly influence tax compliance outcomes. Based on these results, it was recommended that tax enforcement Agencies need to focus not only on awareness campaigns but also on strengthening enforcement mechanisms, incentives for compliance, and trust-building efforts to improve actual tax compliance behaviou
BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS’ RATING OF THE BENEFIT OF FIELD TRIP AND PROJECT-BASED STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
No full textThe study focused on Business education students’ rating of the benefits of field trips and project-based strategies for learning entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in South-South, Nigeria. Two research questions, two written interview questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 982 Business education students in all the 21 public tertiary institutions in the area offering entrepreneurship education, census survey sampling method was adopted. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha method was used to obtain the reliability coefficient, and the values obtained were 0.94 and 0.92 for clusters B1 and B2 to determine the internal consistency of the items instrument. Data collected were analyzed using mean, frequency, percentage, ranking, and written interview questions to answer the research questions, and standard deviation to determine the closeness of respondents’ responses, respectively, while the t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed, among others, that respondents agree that field trips and project-based learning are strategies for learning entrepreneurship education and are also beneficial for acquiring necessary entrepreneurship skills for self-reliance. To boost the research questions, respondents ranked field trip and problem-based strategies 1st position as it provides every student with a real-world experience; engagement, motivation, and understanding in learning entrepreneurship education. The findings further revealed, among others, that Business education students in tertiary institutions in South-South, Nigeria, differ significantly in their mean ratings of the benefits of field trip and project-based strategies for learning entrepreneurship education based on gender. The study concluded that business education students agreed that the benefits of field trips and project-based strategies encourage them to learn appropriate skills and competencies to become self-employed, self-sustained, and job creators upon graduation. It was recommended among others that Business education students should use field trips and project-based strategies when learning entrepreneurship education, as it would promote experiential learning, collaboration, and real-world problem-solving, thereby fostering essential entrepreneurial skills such as creativity, innovation, leadership, and resilienc
ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS, RELIEF, PRECIPITATION FACTORS, AND SOIL EROSION PATTERNS IN MUBI NORTH AND MUBI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textSoil erosion remains a critical environmental and socio-economic challenge in Mubi North and Mubi South Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Adamawa State, Nigeria. This study assesses the relationships between geological formations, relief, precipitation factors, and soil erosion patterns to provide a comprehensive understanding of erosion dynamics in the region. The research integrates geospatial analysis, field surveys, and statistical modeling to evaluate soil erosion vulnerability. Findings reveal that sandstone-dominated areas, such as Lokuwa and Gerei, exhibit high erosion susceptibility, while granite-rich areas, including Kpasim and Gella, demonstrate greater soil stability. Relief factors, particularly slope gradients exceeding 15°, significantly influence soil erosion rates, with Wuro Gude and Muchalla identified as highly vulnerable locations. Precipitation intensity, exceeding 1200 mm annually, exacerbates erosion, particularly in Kudzum and Muva. Regression analysis indicates a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.82) between soil erosion and sandstone formations, steep slopes, and high precipitation levels. The study underscores the need for targeted soil conservation strategies, including terracing, afforestation, and controlled grazing, to mitigate erosion risks. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and local farmers in developing sustainable land management strategies that align with the region’s unique geological and topographical characteristics
ANALYZING THE WATER QUALITY OF RIVER NIGER FOR IRRIGATED FARMING AT THE SHONGA IRRIGATION SCHEME
No full textIn order to assess the water\u27s appropriateness for crop production at Shonga Irrigation Scheme (250 hectares have been currently used), the study was conducted to look into a number of parameters required to assess common irrigation water quality issues. Twelve water samples were taken at random from River Niger; six each at upstream and downstream, thoroughly mixed in two separate bottles, making a total of two representative samples. Both physical and chemical parameters were assessed. Total nitrogen was measured using a modified micro Kjedahl method, colour was analyzed visually using a set of platinum-cobalt standards in Nessler tubes, and pH was measured using a glass electrode pH meter in soil-water and soil-KCL filtrates. Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), exchangeable cations using a flame analyzer following extraction with neutral ammonium acetate, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) using an empirical model were used to measure turbidity. Results of analysis revealed that water samples 1 and 2 have electrical conductivities of 3.00 and 0.20 ds/m, total dissolved solids of 120.0 and 330 mg/l, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are 3.8 and 2.2, chloride are 1.95 mg/l and 1.50 mg/l, and boron are 1.50 mg/l and 1.80 mg/l, and sodium are 11.3 and 9.12 mg/l, nitrate (N03-N) are 0.60 mg/l and 0.20 mg/l, phosphate (P04-P) are 1.57 mg/l and 0.50 mg/l, and ammonium (NH4-N) are 0.0 mg/l and 0.30 mg/l, respectively. Thus, it can be stated that the water from River Niger in Shonga Irrigation Scheme is acceptable for irrigation and of good quality for irrigated farmland