Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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LA COMPLÉMENTARITÉ DES GENRES COMME SOLUTION DANS CRÉPUSCULE DU TOURMENT I : MÉLANCOLIE
No full textThe concept of gender complementarity is being discussed through Léonora Miano’s Crépuscule du tourment I: Mélancolie, as a response to structural and relational imbalances inherited from patriarchal and colonial systems. A dual theoretical approach based on Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi’s African womanism and Clenora Hudson-Weems’s Africana Womanism is used. The study demonstrates that Miano promotes a new ethics of male-female relationships grounded in cooperation, mutual respect, and the restoration of communal ties. Through female voices, particularly those of Madame Mususédi, Amandla, Ixora, and Tiki Miano deconstructs patterns of male domination while avoiding separatist discourse. Rather than opposing the sexes, the novel advocates for a reparative union in which each gender contributes to the reconstruction of the African human. Textual analysis thus reveals that gender complementarity, as depicted in the novel, constitutes a political and spiritual project of reconciliation. This paper underscores the importance of rethinking gender dynamics from a postcolonial perspective, in order to pave the way for more equitable and cohesive societies.
Résumé Cet article propose une analyse approfondie du concept de complémentarité des genres dans Crépuscule du tourment I : Mélancolie de Léonora Miano, en tant que réponse aux déséquilibres structurels et relationnels hérités des systèmes patriarcaux et coloniaux. En adoptant une double approche théorique fondée sur le womanisme africain de Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi et l’Africana Womanism de Clenora Hudson-Weems, l’étude démontre que Miano promeut une nouvelle éthique des relations homme-femme, fondée sur la coopération, le respect mutuel et la restauration des liens communautaires. À travers les voix féminines notamment celles de Madame Mususédi, Amandla, Ixora et Tiki, Miano déconstruit les schémas de domination masculine, tout en évitant un discours séparatiste. Loin d’opposer les sexes, le roman prône une union réparatrice où chaque genre contribue à la reconstruction de l’humain africain. L’analyse textuelle révèle ainsi que la complémentarité des genres, telle qu’elle est représentée dans le roman, constitue un projet politique et spirituel de réconciliation. Ce travail souligne l’importance de repenser la dynamique des genres dans une perspective postcoloniale, afin d’ouvrir la voie à des sociétés plus équitables et solidaires
ÉTUDE MARXISTE DE LA PERCEPTION DE LA DOT PAR DEUX GENERATIONS AFRICAINES : UN EXAMEN DE DEUX PIÈCES THEATRALES AFRICAINES
No full textThis work examines the representation of African women in two plays: Trois prétendants … Un mari by Oyono Mbia and Chaque chose en son temps by Mbuko. Blending feminism and Marxist ideology, we will discuss Marxist tendencies on family relations and the complementarity of female and male roles in the development of society. We will examine the class struggle, class distinctions and generational conflicts in the two works chosen. The overall aim of this study is to note the relationship between African tradition and the ideology of Karl Marx as presented in the two plays in our corpus. The research examines the valorisation of women in African family systems, particularly in relation to patriarchal tradition and the transformation of women into objects for sale. We will apply Marxist theory to analyse power relations, especially in relation to the dowry, by examining how these relations are influenced by economic and social structures, such as capitalism. Although there is much research on the treatment of women and generational conflict in the plays to be examined, our study takes a Marxist, not a feminist, slant. This study considers generational conflict as a form of class struggle, examining the economic elements that influence the commodification of African women.
Résumé Ce travail étudie la représentation de la femme africaine dans deux pièces théâtrales; Trois prétendants … Un mari d’Oyono Mbia et Chaque chose en son temps de Mbuko. En mélangeant le féminisme et l\u27idéologie marxiste, nous traiterons des tendances marxistes sur les relations familiales et de la complémentarité des rôles féminins et masculins dans le développement de la société. Nous examinerons la lutte des classes, les distinctions de classe et les conflits de générations dans les deux œuvres choisies. L\u27objectif général de cette étude est de noter les relations entre la tradition africaine et l’idéologie de Karl Marx comme présenté dans les deux pièces de notre corpus. La recherche étudie la valorisation des femmes dans les systèmes familiaux africains, en particulier par rapport à la tradition patriarcale et à la transformation des femmes en objets à vendre. Nous appliquerons la théorie marxiste pour analyser les relations de pouvoir, surtout concernant la dot, en étudiant comment ces relations sont influencées par les structures économiques et sociales, telles que le capitalisme. Bien qu’il existe beaucoup de recherche portant sur le traitement des femmes et le conflit de générations dans les pièces à examiner, notre étude prend un coté marxiste, pas féministe. Cette étude considère le conflit des générations comme une forme de lutte des classes, étudiant les éléments économiques qui influencent la chosification de la femme africaine. 
PROBLÈMES DE L’APPRENTISSAGE DE LA PRONONCIATION DE CES SONS FRANÇAIS /s/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /z/ CHEZ LES ÉTUDIANTS DE DEUXIÈME ET DE QUATRIÈME ANNÉE DE NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY
No full textThis study explores the phonetic difficulties encountered by second- and fourth-year French students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University (UNIZIK) in learning the French fricative phonemes /s/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /z/. As native Igbo speakers, these learners face phonological interference mainly due to structural differences between the Igbo and French sound systems. Through a contrastive analysis, the study highlights recurring errors such as substitution, omission, or confusion of the target sounds, which negatively affect the intelligibility and fluency of spoken French. The methodology combines pronunciation tests, auditory discrimination exercises, and semistructured interviews with the learners. The findings reveal that although some improvement is observed among fourth-year students, significant challenges persist, especially in spontaneous speech. In light of these results, the study recommends the integration of specific phonetic training and targeted listening exercises into the French as a foreign language curriculum. Such an approach aims to enhance students’ phonological accuracy and, consequently, their communicative competence in French.
Résumé Cette étude explore les difficultés phonétiques que rencontrent les étudiants de deuxième et de quatrième année du département de français de l’Université Nnamdi Azikiwe (UNIZIK) dans l’apprentissage des phonèmes fricatifs du français : /s/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ et /z/. En tant qu’apprenants ayant l’igbo comme langue maternelle, ces étudiants sont confrontés à des interférences phonologiques, principalement dues aux différences structurelles entre les systèmes sonores de l’igbo et du français. À travers une analyse contrastive, l’étude met en évidence des erreurs récurrentes telles que la substitution, l’omission ou la confusion des sons cibles, erreurs qui compromettent l’intelligibilité et la fluidité de l’expression orale. La méthodologie adoptée combine des tests de prononciation, des exercices de discrimination auditive et des entretiens semi-directifs avec les apprenants. Les résultats révèlent que, bien qu’une amélioration soit observée chez les étudiants de quatrième année, des difficultés persistent dans la production correcte de ces phonèmes, notamment en contexte de parole spontanée. En réponse à ces constats, l’étude recommande l’intégration d’un entraînement phonétique spécifique, accompagné d’exercices d’écoute ciblés, dans le programme de français langue étrangère. Une telle démarche vise à renforcer la compétence phonologique et, par conséquent, la compétence communicative des apprenants. 
Equipping Women for Inclusive and Effective Public Hearing in the Legislative Process
No full textWomen constitute an integral part of every society, making up more than half of the global population. However, their involvement in decision-making processes, particularly in legislative houses, remains appalling. This lack of representation negatively impacts the female gender, hindering their ability to influence policies that affect them directly. This study critically examines the process of equipping women for inclusive and effective participation in public hearings within the legislative process. In the legislative sphere, “Public Hearing” refers to special meetings organized by House Committees to gather and analyze relevant information, expert opinions, and public advice on proposed legislation, regulations, or policy issues related to governance. The research adopts a doctrinal research methodology, using an expository and analytical research design. Data was primarily collected from various legal literatures available in both physical and electronic libraries. The study observes that Nigerian women face several challenges when participating in public hearings. One of the major obstacles is the negative perception and misinterpretation of the intent and purpose of these hearings by Ministries, Departments, Agencies (MDAs), stakeholders, and other respondents. The political sphere has long been regarded as a male-dominated domain, but there is a growing demand for increased female participation. Despite the global call for gender inclusivity, such as the Beijing Conference\u27s recommendation for countries to allocate 35% of political positions to women, Nigeria has yet to achieve this benchmark. The marginalization of women in politics is largely attributed to social, cultural, and religious factors. The study highlights the bold commitments of the House of Representatives to enhancing women\u27s legislative effectiveness and efficiency, ultimately contributing to transparent and purposeful governance in Nigeria. To address these challenges, it is recommended that Nigerian women be actively involved in all political matters. Additionally, civil society organizations should intensify their efforts in sensitizing and empowering women to participate more effectively in the legislative process
The Role of Cryptocurrency in Terrorism Financing: The Nigerian Context
No full textThe intersection of terrorism and its financing mechanisms has evolved dramatically with the advent ofdigital currencies, particularly cryptocurrency. This paper explores the role of cryptocurrency infacilitating terrorism financing within the Nigerian context, an issue of increasing concern for nationalsecurity. Structured into five parts, this study begins with an introduction that sets the stage forunderstanding the complexity of terrorism financing in Nigeria and the emergence of cryptocurrency asa disruptive financial technology. The second part delves into the historical evolution of terrorism inNigeria, charting its growth and the diverse methods employed to sustain these illegal activitiesfinancially. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the socio-political factors that haveenabled terrorism to flourish and examines the traditional and contemporary avenues of funding theseactivities. This part also provides an in-depth exposition on the role of cryptocurrency in terrorismfinancing within Nigeria. This section critically analyses the attributes of cryptocurrency that make itan attractive tool for terrorists, including anonymity, decentralisation, and the challenges it poses totraditional financial oversight. Case studies and examples specific to Nigeria will be discussed tohighlight how digital currencies are being exploited for nefarious purposes. In the third part, the focusshifts to the response of Nigerian regulatory agencies, particularly the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN),in combating terrorism financing. This section assesses the effectiveness of current regulations andenforcement strategies, highlighting both successes and areas needing improvement. It also considersthe broader implications of Nigeria\u27s approach in the context of global efforts to combat terrorismfinancing. Finally, the fourth part offers a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing Nigeria\u27scapacity to mitigate the risks associated with cryptocurrency-enabled terrorism financing. Theserecommendations are designed to strengthen regulatory frameworks, improve inter-agencycoordination, and promote international collaboration. The paper concludes with a fifth part bysummarising the key issues discussed and reinforcing the need for robust, adaptive measures to addressthe evolving threat of terrorism financing in the digital age
Implications of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 on the Taxation of Partnerships inNigeria
No full textIn the ever-evolving landscape of business regulations, the Companies and Allied Matters Act of 2020(CAMA 2020) brought about a seismic shift in the treatment of partnerships in Nigeria. This articledelves into the implications of the new legal personality structure introduced by CAMA 2020 and itsprofound impact on the taxation of partnerships. Adopting a doctrinal research design, this paperanalyzes various literature and legislation on the subject and found that the new legal personalityregime introduced some radical changes into partnership business in Nigeria, necessitating acorresponding legal adaptation of extant tax laws. This paper concludes that the Federal InlandRevenue Service new approach toward taxing partnerships as a corporate entity should be embracedand relevant tax laws should be amended to reflect the legal personality status of partnerships
REVITALIZING THE TRADITIONAL APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM IN NIGERIA: A KEY TO UNLOCKING YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
No full textOne of the major socio-economic issues facing Nigeria today is youth unemployment. This issue transcends all the societal strata, and has remained unabated despite the increase in the number of youths with formal education. The high level of unemployed youths in Nigeria has resulted in young Nigerians engaging in unorthodox livelihoods like drug addiction, armed robbery, and armed militancy while others engage in casual work which is highly irregular. This invariably portends a grave danger to the society. It is clear that formal education can no longer guarantee employment after school, and that something radical is needed to engage the teeming population and secure their future. Accordingly, this paper appraises how the traditional apprenticeship system can be revitalized to create employment for the youths in Nigeria. The paper employs doctrinal research methodology. The paper concludes by recommending an overhaul of the traditional apprenticeship system to bring it in line with modern realities
GLOBAL TRENDS ON ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND POTENTIAL FOR A RESILIENT SPORTS ECONOMY IN NIGERIA
No full textThe National Sports Policy 2022 is the road map for sports administration, with the ambitious plan of creating an economically viable and investment clime in Nigeria. However, the policy fails to provide for the framework on the administration of sports justice that focuses on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) model. The objective of the study is to examine emerging global trends on ADR and how it can effectively promote dispute resolution and facilitate a resilient sports economy in Nigeria. Adopting the doctrinal method of research, the study relies on primary and secondary data. Nigeria has a population of more than two hundred million people, with over 70% constituted by youths. This demography shows a rich sports profile capable of impacting positively on the Nigerian economy within the framework of an efficient dispute resolution mechanism. The absence of a robust ADR model in the national sports policy can undermine the ambitious plan for an economically viable sports enterprise in Nigeria. Global trends indicate that ADR remains the preferred mechanism for the administration of justice in the sports industry with prospects for promoting investment, addressing infrastructural deficit and changing the economic trajectory in Nigeria. What is required is a robust national policy on ADR in the administration of sports justice as precursor towards a viable sports economy in Nigeria
THE LEGAL RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN NIGERIA: PROGRESS,CHALLENGES, AND INNOVATIONS
No full textClimate change presents a profound challenge to Nigeria, affecting its ecosystems, economy, and societal well-being. In response, Nigeria has developed a legal framework aimed at mitigating climate change and adapting to its consequences. Unfortunately, there are setbacks arising from Nigeria’s general legal climate, and specifically, Nigerian cultural response to environmental issues, which militate against the sustainability of legislative climate action. This paper examines Nigeria\u27s legalresponse to climate change, highlighting significant progress, persistent challenges, and innovative approaches. The research is doctrinal and analytical in nature, employing both primary and secondary sources of legal research. The research finds that while Nigeria has made strides in strengthening legal institutions and fostering climate governance, challenges remain in implementation, enforcement, and financing climate action. Additionally, emerging innovations, such as green finance, climate litigation, and technological advancements, offer new opportunities for legal solutions. The study recommends the strengthening of institutional frameworks, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and increasedpublic-private collaboration to ensure a more robust legal response to climate change, for a more effective, equitable, and sustainable legal approach to climate governance
AN EXAMINATION OF THE LAW, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF THE OPERATION OF LEASES IN NIGERIA
No full textLeases are an essential component of property rights and commercial transactions in Nigeria, governed by statutory and customary laws. This study examines the legal framework regulating leases, identifies key issues affecting their operation, and explores potential solutions. The objectives of the study include analyzing the existing laws on leases, identifying challenges such as legal inconsistencies, informal leasing practices, and dispute resolution inefficiencies, and proposing reforms to improve leaseadministration in Nigeria. The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, relying on primary legal sources such as the Land Use Act of 1978, state tenancy laws, and judicial precedents. It also incorporates a comparative analysis of lease regulations in other jurisdictions and empirical data fromcase studies and interviews with legal practitioners. Findings reveal that the lease system in Nigeria is hindered by unclear land tenure policies, weak enforcement of lease agreements, high transaction costs, and delays in dispute resolution. Many lease transactions occur informally, lacking proper documentation, which leads to conflicts and legal uncertainty. Additionally, corruption and inefficiencies in land administration further complicate lease operations. The study recommends reforms such as the harmonization of lease laws across states, the digitalization of land records to enhance transparency, and the establishment of specialized lease dispute resolution mechanisms, will contribute to a more efficient, transparent, and equitable leasing system in Nigeria.