Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARBITRATION LEGISLATIONS IN NIGERIA
No full textArbitration legislation in Nigeria has undergone significant development over the years, shaping thelandscape of alternative dispute resolution in the Country. This paper delves into the sources andevolution of arbitration laws, shedding light on their origins and subsequent modifications. Thisexamination relies on a thorough review of legislative documents, scholarly articles, and judicialdecisions pertinent to arbitration in Nigeria. By analyzing the legislative frameworks, historical context,and judicial interpretations, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the sources that haveinfluenced the development of arbitration legislation in Nigeria. The research findings underscore themultifaceted nature of arbitration legislation in Nigeria. It reveals a complex interplay between colonial-era laws, indigenous legal traditions, international conventions, and domestic reforms. Furthermore, thestudy highlights the evolving nature of arbitration laws, influenced by socio-economic changes, globaltrends in arbitration practice, and the quest for legal certainty and efficiency in dispute resolution. Inconclusion, this paper emphasizes the dynamic nature of arbitration legislation in Nigeria, shaped by amyriad of sources and factors. While providing insights into the historical foundations and contemporarytrends, it underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptation of arbitration laws to meetthe evolving needs of the Nigerian legal system and its stakeholders
Spatial Analysis of Patronage of Neighborhood Shopping Centers in Gusau Town Zamfara State, Nigeria
No full textStudies on modern shopping centers tilted toward super-regional and regional shopping centers and their findings are mostly contextual in nature, reflecting Western World and regional pattern of the patronage, despite the relevance of neighborhood shopping centers in the retail business landscape. The study analyzed spatial pattern of patronage of neighborhood shopping centers in Gusau Town, Nigeria. Five neighborhood shopping centers were sampled purposively from six political wards, and a total of 400 utility and recreational shoppers were sampled through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected using interview schedule and GPS device. Spatial variation in patronage of neighborhood shopping centers’ was analyzed using spatial analysis toolbox of ArcGIS 10.0V software. Descriptive statistics was used in determining patronage pattern and to analyzed demographic characteristics of shoppers. It was discovered that patronage of Shopping Centers varies spatially, and majority of the customers comes from Tudun Wada and Sabon Gari wards. It was also found that patronage of modern Shopping Centers at local level is the same with what is obtainable at regional and global levels, where the patronage is dominated by middle- and high-income earners which have significant level of literacy/western education who are driven by convenience, safety, quality of goods and leisure aspect of shopping. It is concluded that spatial variation in the patronage is a product of physical divide between the high- and middle-income customers at one side and low-income customer at the other side. The retail managers have a duty to ensure that their shopping centers have large trade area which covers at least two-third of the population of their operational base (location) for the sustainability and prospect of their business. It was recommended that more investment should be made in Neighborhood Shopping Center development because of its potentials in job creation and commercial viabilit
Modelling the Values of Estate Property at Different Locations in Onitsha Anambra State, Nigeria Using GIS and Spatial Autocorrelation Technique
No full textConstructions of properties located along major transport route are on high demand that the demands of such properties are two times higher than their supply in Onitsha. This study is aimed at modeling the value of estate properties in different locations at Onitsha using GIS and spatial autocorrelation technique. This aim was achieved through the following objectives; determine the types and patterns of building properties within the study Area, create a geospatial database of the study area, determine the spatial distribution of property values using spatial autocorrelation and predict values of properties in the study area in 2033. GIS analysis was carried out and proximity analysis was done to determine properties that are close to some amenities using Buffer in ArcGIS. The buffer queries produced maps and attribute tables. The result of the analysis showed the properties that are close to different amenities such as markets, schools, major roads, hospitals in the study area. Suggestions and recommendations were made from the result of the analysis and including government to consider taking more amenities to places like Okpoko, Awada to decongest the population in GRA, and housing 3-3
Evaluation of briquettes produced from extractive-free residues of hardwood species using Gum-Arabic as binder
No full textThis study was undertaken to determine some physico-mechanical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from extractive-free wood of Sterculia tragacantha, Anthocleista vogelii, and Trichilia spp. The extractive was removed from the residue using the hot-water method. Gum-arabic was used as a binding agent, it was mixed in 100 ml of water to form gelatin. Sawdust of 50g was blended with gum-arabic binder (5, 10, and 15g for gum arabic) and was hand-fed into the briquetting mould. Briquettes were produced at a pressure of 10.4 kg/cm² and samples were replicated 4 times. The briquettes were labelled as Sterculia Briquette (SB), Anthocleista briquette (AB), and Trichilia briquette (TB). The weight, length, and thickness of each briquettes were recorded before drying. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA at p<0.05). The physico-mechanical properties of extractive-free wood briquettes in all the species increased with an increase in binder level. They gave the highest value at 15g binder level. Their values ranged from 0.67 to 0.89g/cm3 for density, 71.55 to 99.91% for shatter index and 11.16 to 29.34N/mm2 for compressive strength. However, combustion properties of the briquette show that ash content increased with an increase in binder level and ranged from 2.12 to 5.75%, while calorific value decreased with an increase in binder level with a range of values from 32.51 to 33.40 MJ/kg1. Anthocleista briquette performed best at 15 g binder level in physico-mechanical properties, while Trichilia briquette at the lowest binder level (5 g) is preferable in terms of combustion properties. Removal of extractive was observed to improve the calorific value of the briquette
Impact of waste dumps on soil and groundwater quality in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria
No full textThis study evaluated the soil physico-chemical properties and concentration of heavy metals (lead and chromium) and their influence on the soil and groundwater quality due to waste dumps in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. Four profile pits of about 180 cm depth were dug, one each at the polluted and control sites, from which soil samples were collected and analysed. Also, water samples proximate to the dumpsite (5 m) were collected, and control samples about 300 m away from the dumpsite were collected. Soil data were subjected to analysis of variance, and significant means were separated using the least significant difference (p≥ 0.05), while water samples were compared with local and international standards. The results obtained showed that the soils studied were dominated by sand (>80%). Soils from the polluted site had a higher soil pH (>6), whereas the unpolluted sites had a pH (<6.24). Soil organic matter, % total nitrogen, total exchangeable bases, bulk density, and electrical conductivity were higher in the Nekede polluted site (>180µS/cm) and least in the Nekede control site of Owerri. The control soil showed higher % silt content; % porosity, moisture content, and heavy metal concentration in the polluted soils were significantly higher than the control soils. This indicates a higher deterioration of both soil and water in the environment; thus, water pre-treatment before domestic or industrial use and remediation of the polluted soils before agricultural activities are recommended
Effect of dietary inclusion of Tuber mushroom (Pleurotus tuber-regium) meal on growth performance of Broiler Birds
No full textThis study evaluated the growth performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing varying levels of Pleurotus tuber-regium (PTR). A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: T1 (control, no PTR), T2 (2.5% PTR), T3 (5.0% PTR), and T4 (7.5% PTR) in a completely randomized design for eight weeks. Each treatment had three replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Feed intake, weekly weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded, and data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significant effects of the treatments on the response variables. Means were separated using Duncan’s new multiple range test. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and FCR among the experimental diets. The control group (T1) recorded the highest body weight (3.66 kg) and weight gain (2.16 kg). Inclusion of 2.5% PTR (T2) did not significantly affect weight gain compared to the control, while higher inclusion levels (T3, T4) reduced feed intake at certain weeks. T1 and T2 had the lowest FCR, indicating better feed efficiency. The study concluded that dietary inclusion of tuber mushrooms up to 2.5% posed no adverse effects on growth performance. It is recommended that 2.5% PTR can be safely included in broiler diets to maintain growth without compromising feed efficiency. Higher levels may reduce feed intake and should be further investigated
Assessing the antibacterial efficacy of Garlic (Allium sativum) extracts against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria
No full textThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has necessitated the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. Allium sativum (Garlic), commonly known as garlic, has been recognised for its rich phytochemical profile and traditional medicinal uses, including its potential antibacterial properties. This study investigated the activity of garlic solvent extracts against three bacteria isolates of clinical origin. Garlic samples were extracted by maceration using ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol as solvents, following standard procedures. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical profiles were performed using established analytical techniques. The antibacterial activity of the test extracts and standard drugs was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using the Agar disc diffusion method, with the zones of inhibition estimated in millimetres. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the garlic extracts were determined using the broth dilution technique. Phytochemical screening and quantification revealed the presence of tannins (0.139 μg/g), alkaloids (55.00 mg/g), saponins (11.70 mg/g), steroids, flavonoids (15.00 mg/g), cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones. Antimicrobial studies indicated that the methanolic extract of garlic exhibited the highest zone of inhibition, particularly against S. aureus (20.66 mm) and P. aeruginosa (25.23 mm), which was compared favourably with standard antibiotics. The lowest MIC (50 mg/ml) was produced by the methanol extract against P. aeruginosa, while the acetone extract yielded the lowest MBC (100 mg/ml) against S. aureus. These findings suggest the potential effectiveness of garlic extracts at specific concentrations against pathogenic clinical isolates
Strengthening the Place of the Customary Court in Nigeria: Imperative for Enhanced Justice Delivery
No full textCustomary Courts are practically the lowest courts in the hierarchy of courts in Nigeria. They are notestablished by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Rather they are inferior court establishedby laws enacted by the Houses of Assembly of the relevant state to handle disputes at the grass root. Thiscourt is vested with coercive and judicial powers to carry out her functions and duties in the dispensation ofjustice. This court is also vested with jurisdiction to perform certain duties in the delivery of justice system.The plank of this article is to interrogate the jurisdiction and powers of the customary court to ascertain ifthe extant powers, jurisdiction and work environment of the Customary Court in Nigeria is adequate to enableher perform her functions optimally. This article adopted the doctrinal method of research with narrative anddescriptive approach. Primary sources of data like the Constitution, Statutes and Case Laws were consultedand accessed in the course of this work. Secondary sources of data such as journal articles, books and internetmaterials were also appraised in the course of this work. The paper found that there is a need to strengthenthe place of the Customary Courts in Nigeria to enhance her justice delivery capacity. The work identifiedthe challenges and prospects of the court in addressing this issue. The paper recommended the amendmentof certain laws and court rules to enhance the jurisdiction of the Customary Court in Nigeria, reduction ofthe cost of litigation, resort to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods, decongestion of the courtdockets reorientation of the court judges and staff and the improvement of their welfare package as some ofthe ways to strengthen the place of the Customary Courts in Nigeria
Apraisal of the Judiciary and Intra-Party Disputes in Nigeria
No full textIntra-party conflicts have been part and parcel of Nigeria democratic journey. In recent times they havebecome much more pervasive and have assumed crisis dimensions, with negative implications fordemocratic stability and consolidation. This paper examines the role of the judiciary in intra - partydisputes in Nigeria with a view to recommending options for resolution of same through effective andefficient court system
COMPETENCY IMPROVEMENT NEEDS OF BUILDING DRAWING TEACHERS, FOR EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE, IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SOUTH-SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
No full textThe turnout of low skilled technical graduates which have increased unemployment rate and skill shortages in the technical education field and building construction sector, have resulted to doubts, if the technical teachers possess sufficient skills in Building Drawing. This situation necessitated the determination of the competency improvement needs of Building Drawing teachers for effective performance, in Colleges of Education, in South-South and South-East Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to determine the competency improvement needs of Building Drawing teachers for effective performance in; the use of drafting tools, basic design process and computer aided design (CAD). Two research questions guided the study. Two null hypotheses were also tested at 0.05 level of significance. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 104 Building Drawing teachers from the Colleges of Education offering technical education programmes. The entire population was used for the study without sampling. A 24 item questionnaire structured on a five point rating scale was the instrument used for data collection. One hundred and four copies of the questionnaire were administered on the respondents with 88 percent returned rate. The instrument was validated by three experts. Cronbach alpha reliability co-efficient method was used to test the reliability of the instrument. The reliability co-efficient obtained for the two clusters were 0.81 and 0.64 with 0.73 overall reliability co-efficient obtained. Data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics. Findings revealed that building drawing teachers in South-South and South-East Nigeria need improvement in most skill areas. Urgent attention is required in Computer Aided Design (CAD) knowledge. The tests of hypotheses revealed no significant differences between the mean ratings of male and female teachers in the use of drafting tools and materials, while significant difference existed in CAD usage. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that functional drawing studios with modern facilities such as CAD work stations be made available for teaching and learning of building drawing in Colleges of Education. Training programmes to build the teachers’ competencies in all aspects of building drawing should be prioritized in Colleges of Education in both regions