Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Comparative Studies on the Estimated Glycemic Indices/ Loads of Fufu-Like Products from Coconut and Maize Chaffs
No full textComparative studies of the estimated glycemic indices/ loads of fufu-like products made with coconut and maize chaffs were studied. Coconut chaff and maize chaff (100g each) were mixed separately with different quantities (2g, 5g and 10g) of each of the binders (psyllium husk and gelatin) and 10ml of water. The paste was stirred in a cooking pot to form dough at 1000C for 5 minutes. It was allowed to cool and packaged in transparent polyethylene bag, Hydrolysis indices, glycemic indices and glycemic loads of the fufu-like products were determined using standard methods. Hydrolysis index of the fufu-like products made from coconut chaff were found in the range of 0.41% to 0.86% while products made from maize chaff ranged from 1.08% to 6.32%. Estimated glycemic indices of the fufu-like products made from coconut chaff ranged from 39.93% to 40.18% while that of maize chaff ranged from 40.30% to 43.18%. The glycemic loads of the fufu-like product made from coconut chaff ranged from 1.78 to 4.42 (100g serving) while products made from maize chaff ranged from 6.32 to 10.34 (100g serving). The study revealed that all the fufu like products had low glycemic indices and glycemic loads except fufu-like products made with maize chaff that fell under medium range of glycemic load classifications. Fufu-like product made from coconut chaff with 10g psyllium husk yielded lowest glycemic index and glycemic load which could be used as a functional food
Production and Evaluation of Flakes from Rice (Oryza sativa) and Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Flour Blends
No full textThis study evaluated breakfast flaked samples produced from rice and kidney bean flour blends. The rice grains were sorted, winnowed, washed, soaked, drained, dried, milled, and sieved, whereas, the kidney bean seeds were sorted, cleaned, boiled, drained, dehulled, washed, dried, milled, and sieved. The rice and kidney bean flours were blended in the ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 and 10:90 of rice and kidney bean. The blended flours were weighed, mixed, heated, aged, cut, toasted, cooled and packaged to obtain the flaked samples. The three best samples from the sensory evaluation of breakfast flake samples (60:40, 30:70, 10:90) were analysed for proximate composition using standard methods. The data obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS and means were separated at 0.05 level of significance. The sensory properties of the breakfast flake samples ranged from 6.07 to 7.53 for colour, 5.67 to 7.80 for taste, 6.20 to 7.13 for texture, 6.20 to 7.00 for flavour and 5.27 to 6.87 for overall acceptability. The breakfast flake samples produced were all acceptable, although sample A (60:40) was preferred most in terms of overall acceptability scores of 6.87±0.73. The results of the proximate composition of the samples showed that moisture ranged from 3.35 to 11.77%, protein 13.95 to 20.61%, ash 1.99 to 3.25%, fibre 1.66 to 4.67%, lipid 6.01 to 6.08% and carbohydrate 53.69 to 69.91%, respectively. It was observed, therefore, that the blends of the rice and kidney bean flour in breakfast flakes making should not exceed 50% of kidney bean flour substitution
MASS MEDIA EXPOSURE AND THE UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN NIGERIA
No full textReducing the depth and burden of maternal mortality, improving the quality of health, and making health services accessible for women is highly desirable particularly for developing countries such as Nigeria. And, one of those factors that can be used as a tool to spur the adoption of maternal health care is health information. The rationale for this research was to determine if and how the availability of Mass Media affects the uptake of maternal health care in Nigeria. Poisson regression was employed to choose the focus of the research in accordance with accepted statistical principles. The Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (2018) provided the data that was that was utilized by the study. The usage of maternal health care was proxied by the average number of antenatal care visits. The result showed that those who owned a television, a radio and used the internet had significantly higher antenatal care visits than those who did not, showing that exposure to mass media significantly influences the adoption of maternal health care. However, the research concluded by emphasizing the need of understanding the ideas being sent by modern media, particularly with regard to health concerns. Additional suggestions are provided as well
FISCAL DEFICIT EXPANSION AND DEBT SERVICE COSTS: DEFAULT RISK AND AN ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM
No full textThe study examined the growth in fiscal deficit and the impact of increasing total debt service costs that might increase default risk; and the adoption of an alternative paradigm. The estimated model was tested by ARDL and ECM a well a Granger econometric methodologies. The nominal exchange rate, oil price, balance of payments, total debt servicing cost, and fiscal deficit were the regressors, while the fiscal deficit was chosen as the dependent variable. The results from the estimated model demonstrate that, except for the price of oil, all other variables point to a causal relationship between changes in the fiscal deficit value, which is a crucial step in Nigeria\u27s journey toward increasing debt and the adopted regressors. The link between the budget deficit and the exchange rate and overall cost of debt payment is notably negative. The fiscal deficit and the overall cost of debt servicing as well as the balance of payments have a one-way causal link, according to the Granger causality test. It follows that a rising fiscal deficit will only make the debt problem worse. Therefore, a rising debt service cost raises the total debt service value. Debt accumulation raises the fiscal deficit, and the fiscal deficit increases lead to a spike in the overall cost of debt servicing, which fuels further debt accumulation and ultimately results in possible default as the country’s revenue falls further. The country has to plug the loop holes in the generation of revenue through oil exports and increasing tax revenue. By demonstrating that the flow of causality is unidirectional and that increases in the budget deficit further fuel growth in debt payment costs, this study contributes to the body of knowledge already available in Nigeria on the subject. It shows that further borrowing by the Federal government can only lead to greater spikes in the budget deficit and a worsening depreciation of the naira as well asa continuous negative balance of payment situation. The alternative paradigm is the debt service cost in relation to actual revenue
EMERGING TREND OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated the economic benefits, challenges and evaluation of electronic payment system in the Nigeria economy. The study is quantitative by its nature and the study utilizes secondary data from various scholarly articles, journals, government report and periodic of similar researches conducted in the recent past. The study reveals that e-payment system makes our life better and has significant impact on the overall economic growth and individual living standard in Nigeria. The study also reveals that e-payment system in Nigeria is characterized by couple of challenges such as security, poor infrastructures, legal and regulatory issues and other socio-economic issues. The study recommends that the Nigerian Government should provide much needed support for e-payment system to be effective and convenient in order to make economic activities in the country safe and reliable to consumers, firms, enterprises and government establishments
BANK CREDITS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA’S MANUFACTURING SUB-SECTOR
No full textThis study examined bank credit and Nigeria manufacturing subsector performance nexus using secondary data obtained from the Statistical Bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) annual reports and publications. The objectives of the paper are to: determine the effect of bank demand deposit on manufacturing subsectors; ascertain the effect of bank lending rate to mass on manufacturing subsectors; evaluate the effect of interest rate on manufacturing subsectors; examine the effect of exchange rate on manufacturing subsectors; determine the effect of workers incentives on manufacturing subsectors and ascertain the effect of employment generation on manufacturing subsectors.Ordinary Least Square techniques were applied after determining stationarity of the variables using the ADF Statistic, as well as the cointegration of variables using the Johansen approach. The study discovered that the variables are stationary and have a long term relationship among the variables in the model. Bank demand deposit, bank lending rate, bank interest rate, exchange rate, workers incentives and employment generation are major determinants of manufacturing subsectors in Nigeria. The study recommends that: cheap credit should be made available for manufacturing sector investment in Nigeria; this will encourage more investors in the manufacturing sector to access adequate loan facilities to enhance manufacturing sector output in the long run. The apex bank of Nigeria should reduce bank. This important because it will make the loans less expensive for the commercial banks, thus encouraging the public capacity to take credit and will gradually increased the volume of credit demanded for investment in the manufacturing sector. The government should engender a market force induced interest rate. This will enhance more investment by channeling saving to productive investment and stimulate real output. The need to stabilize the exchange rate is imperative because one unit increase in exchange rate volatility leads to decline in manufacturing output growth
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON ADMINISTRATION AND IT’S EFFECT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY (1997-2021)
No full textThe study examined the Federal government expenditure on administration and its effect on the Nigerian economy (1997-2021).The cost of administration in Nigeria has been on the increase over the years to the extent that concerned citizens are apprehensive about its effect on the nation’s economy. The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of recurrent administrative expenditure and capital administrative expenditure on the Nigerian economy, using Vector Autoregressive and Granger Causality Test. The findings made from the results reveals that cost of administration (represented by recurrent administrative expenditure) has a negative effect on gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study also reveals that cost of administration (represented by capital administrative expenditure) has a positive effect on gross domestic product in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study,the following recommendations are made ; the need to reduce recurrent administrative expenditure to a sustainable level through reducing irrelevant expenses, as well as, making capital spending more effective. Regulatory authorities in Nigeria should ensure that all salaries and allowances of civil servants, public servants including political office holders conform to appropriate process. Capital expenditures on administrative services should receive more attention, and expenditures should focus primarily on productive economic activities, to stimulate activities in the economic sectors for effective growth in RGDP
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A CASE OF MEMBERS OF COOPERATIVE INVESTMENT AND CREDIT SOCIETY LIMITED, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
No full textSocial capital is a typical example of how a cooperative society operates on the unique value of self-help and mutual help to promote the well-being of members who have similar interests through collective action and joint enterprise. Members of Cooperative Investment and Credit Society Limited (CICSL) in Osun state were the respondents for this study. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain data from 864 members of CICSL in Osun state. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics models. Results from the data analyzed were discussed, and some findings were revealed thatthe multivariate regression coefficient results showed that the independent variable (x = social capital) has a positive relationship with the dependent variables (y1= usage of savings facilities and y2 = quantity of savings facilities). The coefficient of independent variable (x)is .8893941 for y1 and 1.210582 for y2.As a result of this, all the cooperative societies across the nation should redouble their efforts in enhancing the social capital (cooperative values) within and among their cooperative members since it has been established that social capital has a strong influence in achieving financial inclusion among cooperative members
PROMOTING PEACE AND REDUCING CONFLICTS BETWEEN FARMERS AND HERDERS IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES, OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
No full textThe study is purely on promoting peace and reducing conflicts between farmers and herders in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to assess the challenges, opportunities and solutions in promoting peace and reducing conflicts between farmers and herders in Nigeria; to analyze the root causes of conflicts between farmers and herders in Nigeria; and to determine the challenges faced in promoting peace and reducing conflicts between farmers and herders in Nigeria. This is a conceptualized study. The study is based on the theory of Environmental Economic Theory propounded by Thomas Malthus in 18th century. From Malthus to Neo-Malthusian theories have played a dominant role in the post-cold war conflict and security issues. Findings showed that farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria has its roots deeply embedded in history, dating back several centuries. In the pre-colonial era, Nigeria\u27s diverse ethnic groups practiced different livelihoods, with farmers engaging in settled agriculture and herders leading nomadic lives, moving their livestock across vast territories in search of grazing lands and water sources. The paper concluded that the rifts between herders and farmers are such that can be eliminated to its nearest minimum. This can only happen when the stakeholders and actors build up structures and processes of mitigating such. The key and core root causes, challenges and peace resolution route has been laid out which are poor governance, cattle theft, security concerns, deep-rooted historical grievances, lack of trust and cultural and linguistic diversity. It is recommended that the government take a lead in resolving conflicts and crisis amongst herders and farmers by ensuring that both actors are not neglected in any aspect but carried along