Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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ELECTRONIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (e-HRM) AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION
No full textThe paradigm shifts that technological innovation brings to organisational outcomes has strategic values on human resource management practices. This study was carried out to examine the empirical effect of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) on organizational commitment and the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between e-HRM and organisational commitment underpinned by, the Resource Based View theory. The survey research design quantitative study was carried out in a public sector para-military organisation- The Nigeria Immigration Service Headquarters office in Abuja and Lagos Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as a research instrument to source data from a population of 1772 senior ranking officers from the two locations. Multi-stage sampling procedure was deplored to arrive at a sample size of 326 using Slovin sample size determination formulae. Data were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. The results revealed that e-HRM has a significant positive effect on Organizational Commitment (f =46.888, p < 0.05, R2 = .142 and Adjusted R2 = .139, β= .314, t=6.847). Furthermore, the study empirically revealed a positive significant mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between e-HRM and organisational commitment (f =102.595, p < 0.05, R2 = .421, β= .690, t=11.659, р < 0.05). The findings implies that organisations under study should place more strategic values on digitally enabled human resource practices which is e-HRM to be integrated into the main strategic managerial decisions that enhance organisational commitment through job satisfaction
THE NEXUS BETWEEN CRITICISMS AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING PRACTICE
No full textThe Study sought to find out ethical issues in advertising, and the nexus between criticism and ethical issues in advertising practice. Social responsibility theory, AIDA Model and Persuasion theory formed the theoretical review. Library research method was used to gather data for this study. Findings revealed that, false advertising, deceptive advertising, comparative advertising, endorsements and testimonials and children advertising, were some of the ethical issues that confront advertising practice. Finding revealed that, when an advertisement is targeted at children in an unfair or deceptive manner or in a way that takes advantage of the children’s credulity such advertisement is unethical. It was also discovered that stereotype in advertising does not depict reality, and that it can make someone to pick one thing over the other. It was discovered that people criticise advertising as a result of unethical issues in advertising. Advertising fatigue also accounts for criticisms of advertising. Related empirical studies were reviewed. It was concluded that, for advertisement to be devoid of unethical issues, advertisers, advertising media and advertising agencies must endeavour to adhere to the code of ethics and code of conducts. It was recommended that, to ensure best practices and maintain high level of professionalism, the advertiser, advertising media and advertising agencies must always play by the rules, as enshrined in the codes of ethics and conducts. 
EFFICACY OF TRAUMA-FOCUSED THERAPY FOR HUMAN TRAFFICKING SURVIVORS
No full textHuman trafficking is a significant global issue, especially in developing nations. This paper explored the efficacy of trauma-focused therapy for human trafficking survivors, addressing the complex psychological and emotional aftermath. Human trafficking subjects victims to severe trauma, including physical violence, sexual exploitation, and psychological manipulation. Trauma-focused therapy is crucial in managing symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and dissociative disorders. Drawing on Herman\u27s (1992) trauma-informed theory, the paper emphasized recognizing trauma\u27s pervasive impact and providing a safe, supportive environment for recovery. Trauma-informed therapy assists survivors in understanding their experiences, developing coping mechanisms, and reducing the likelihood of re-traumatization. The paper also reviewed barriers to accessing therapy, including stigma, lack of awareness, and structural obstacles like economic instability and legal repercussions. It further examines socio-economic and cultural factors facilitating human trafficking, such as poverty, unemployment, weak legal systems, and cultural practices that devalue women. It also extends to the profound effects on survivors, highlighting the need for comprehensive, culturally competent, and trauma-informed interventions. The paper underscoreed the importance of tailored therapeutic approaches for trafficking survivors, promoting their reintegration and well-being. This paper, therefore, advocated for enhanced awareness, improved access to services, and stronger enforcement of anti-trafficking laws
ROLE OF SPORTS MARKETING IN PROMOTING UNITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examined the potentials of sports marketing in promoting unity and social responsibility among Nigerians. The objectives of the study were to find out the effect of sports marketing on the growth and development of particular sport in Nigeria, like football, to examine the relationship between sports marketing indices (product, price, site, and promotion) and Nigerians\u27 unification through sports (football). The population of this research consisted selected residents in the South-South Geopolitical Zone in Nigeria who are 18 years and above; and the sample size of this study was 400 respondents drawn from 6 cities (Benin City, Asaba, Port Harcourt, Uyo, Yenagoa and Calabar) from South-South, Nigeria and a stratified sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. The study adopted descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and tables) and inferential statistics (p-value, t-value and F-statistics) as its major statistical tools for data analysis. The analysis established that that sports marketing has significant effect on the growth and development of a particular sport in Nigeria, like football; that sports marketing indices (product, price, place, promotion) has significant relationship with the unification of Nigerians through sports and that marketing strategies employed by Nigerian sports organizations has significant influence on the collective identification and accountability perceived by supporters and the larger public. Finally, the study recommends the enhancement of infrastructural development, and the adoption of a holistic marketing mix that incorporates product development tailored to local preferences
THE ROLE OF STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
No full textThe South Eastern part of Nigeria in recent times has been under the command and control of state and non-state actors, especially in the areas of security and governance. The Federal, State, and Local Governments, and the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) – a self-determination group, declared a terrorist organization and proscribed by the Federal government – have been calling the shots from the better part of 2021. Consequently, there have been clashes between the official government security agencies and the IPOB-established Eastern Security Network (ESN). At the governance level, the issuance of directives and counter directives like public holidays, and sit-at-home, among others has become commonplace. What is obvious from the unfolding situation in the South East is that the people are at a crossroads as to whose lead they should follow. In view of the foregoing, this paper interrogates the role of state and non-state actors in the governance of South East Nigeria. The methodology of the paper was based on content analysis, utilizing data from secondary sources like journals, newspaper publications, and security reports among others. The paper was anchored on the theory of Two Publics by Peter Ekeh (1975) and the major argument in the paper is that the failures of the state actors have endeared the people to the non-state alternative. From the analysis in this paper, we conclude that the Indigenous People of Biafra enjoys informal legitimacy because they appeal to the primordial sensibilities of the indigenous populace and recommend among others, that the federal government should embrace dialogue in the interest of peace and political stability
DIGITAL DISRUPTION AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study ascertained the effects of digital disruption and operational performance of commercial banks in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction of commercial banks. It also ascertained the effect of point of sale (POS) on profitability of commercial banks. The study employed descriptive survey research design on a population of 899 with a sample size of 277 determined using Taro Yamane formula. The hypotheses were tested with simple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis one revealed that there is a statistically significant and positive effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction of commercial banks. Hypothesis two revealed a significant and positive effect of Point of Sale (POS) on profitability of commercial banks. The study concludes that there is a statistically significant positive effect of digital disruption on operational performance of commercial banks in Anambra state, Nigeria. Based on the conclusion, the study recommends that commercial banks need to prioritize the development and enhancement of mobile banking services to significantly improve customer satisfaction. Also, the management of commercial banks need to strategically expand and optimize their Point of Sale (POS) networks to significantly enhance profitability.
 
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated the effect of financial inclusion on the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in North-Central, Nigeria. The research problem lies in the inadequacy of financial services and the exclusion of a substantial portion of MSMEs from the formal financial system. Financial inclusion, characterized by the availability and accessibility of financial services, is imperative for the sustainable development of MSMEs. The absence of adequate financial inclusion may hinder their operational capabilities, growth potential, and overall performance. Generally, the study examined the effects of financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in North-central, Nigeria. Specifically, the aimed to: determine the effect of access to financial services on the performance of MSMEs in North-central, Nigeria and to determine the effect of financial literacy on the performance of MSMEs in North-central, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The study concluded that financial inclusion have a good effect on the increase of MSMEs Profit, increase of Labor or employee, and increase of Production on the MSME in North Central Nigeria and recommended that financial institutions, should provide more information to MSMEs, which will attract MSMEs business actors to conduct transactions at these financial institutions
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
No full textThis study examined how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) influences the performance of small-scale enterprises in South-East Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey methodology. Quantitative data were collected from 379 business owners and managers out of a population of 7,061 across Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states. The study was anchored on the Dynamic Capabilities Theory which posits that in rapidly changing environments, a firm\u27s sustained competitive advantage comes from its ability to continuously reconfigure and renew its capabilities. The focus of the study was on selected three key EO dimensions: risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and proactiveness. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between these entrepreneurial traits and business performance. Entrepreneurial risk-taking was strongly linked to improved financial stability, indicating that small businesses willing to engage in calculated risks are better positioned for long-term financial resilience. Competitive aggressiveness emerged as critical for business survival, emphasizing the importance of assertive market strategies in highly competitive environments. Additionally, entrepreneurial proactiveness significantly enhanced market share, highlighting the value of anticipating market trends and innovating ahead of competitors. The study concludes that adopting a robust entrepreneurial mindset, characterized by calculated risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and proactiveness, is vital for small business performance in South-east Nigeria. Such an approach enables these businesses to thrive, sustain themselves, and grow.
 
INFLUENCE OF HUMAN IMAGES IN ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMERS’ EXPERIENTIAL PURCHASE INTENTIONS
No full textExperiential purchase intentions refer to a consumer’s deliberate intention or willingness to buy products, services, or experiences primarily for the emotional, psychological, or sensory experiences they offer rather than their functional or material utility. This study examined the influence of human images in advertisements on consumers’ experiential purchase intention. The study anchored on Hedonic Consumption Theory (Holbrook & Hirschman, 1982) and Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), which collectively explain how emotional gratification and intrinsic psychological needs drive consumer engagement with experience-based products when human images are present in advertisements. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of the study comprised of residents of Anambra State, Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 384 respondents using Cochran’s (1977) sample size estimation formula. Data were collected through online survey. The Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Findings revealed that human images in advertisements significantly enhance consumers’ emotional connection with products increase memorability, and influence their intention to engage in experiential purchases. The results further showed that demographic variables such as age, gender, and income influence the strength of this effect. The study also found that human images serve as persuasive emotional and motivational cues that intensify experiential purchase intentions. Based on the findings, the study recommends that advertisers and marketers of experiential and luxury goods should strategically integrate expressive and relatable human imagery tailored to target demographics to evoke emotional resonance, stimulate imagination, and boost purchase intentions
MACROECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examines the macroeconomic contributions of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to Nigeria’s economic growth from 1999 to 2023 using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression framework. The results show that SME activity has a positive and significant effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with a 1% increase in SME activity raising GDP by about 0.07%. Government expenditure and employment growth also exert strong positive effects, underscoring the importance of public investment and job creation policies in stimulating growth. Conversely, corruption negatively affects GDP, highlighting the need for governance reforms. Access to finance, measured by commercial bank credit and lending rates to SMEs, significantly influences growth, emphasizing the role of financial accessibility in supporting enterprise development. The model explains 39% of GDP variation and is statistically significant. The study recommends that policymakers strengthen SME financing mechanisms, curb corruption, and channel more government spending toward enterprise development. Enhancing employment and credit policies will further amplify the macroeconomic benefits of SMEs, contributing to sustainable growth in Nigeria