Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF ANIMATED AND NON-ANIMATED COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTIONS ON STUDENTS\u27 ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN AWKA SOUTH LGA OF ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study investigated the comparative effects of animated and non-animated computerassisted instructions (CAI) on students\u27 achievement in Biology in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research aimed to determine whether the use of animated CAI, which incorporates dynamic visual and interactive elements, yields better academic outcomes compared to non-animated CAI, which relies on static visuals and text. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving a sample of senior secondary school students divided into two groups: one exposed to animated CAI and the other to non-animated CAI. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted to measure students\u27 achievement levels before and after the intervention. Our pretest-posttest control group design was nonrandomized. The study was guided by two research questions two hypotheses. The population of the students consist 2,036 senior secondary school one (1) Biology students (1,006 males and 1,030 females) in the 17 public secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area. Participants in the study included 120 SS I Biology students from two public secondary schools in Awka South Local Government area. The instrument used for data collection was Biology Achievement Test (BAT). The tool was verified. Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) was used to determine the instrument\u27s reliability, and the results showed a reliability coefficient of 0.84. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, and the research hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings revealed that students taught with animated CAI achieved significantly higher scores in Biology than those taught with non-animated CAI. The study concludes that animated CAI is more effective in enhancing students\u27 understanding and retention of Biological concepts, likely due to its engaging and interactive nature. Recommendations include the integration of animated CAI into the Biology curriculum and the provision of training for teachers to effectively utilize such technologies in the classroom. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of instructional technologies on science education in Nigeria
STUDENT’S SELF-REGULATORY SKILLS AS CORRELATE OF THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textStudents need for self-regulatory skills for academic success, personal growth and future career has been underscored. Various studies focus on different aspect of self-regulation but the applicability, implementation and nexus with self-efficacy and motivation, as integral skills for success in biology remain pertinent. Therefore, the study examined self-regulatory skills (self – efficacy and motivation) as correlate of students’ academic achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions and Two Hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprise 8,019 SS2 students drawn from 94 Public secondary schools in Awka and Otuocha education zone in Anambra State Post Primary school service commission Awka. A total of 637 SS2 Biology students formed the respondents for the study and were drawn using simple random sampling technique. Students’ self-regulatory skills scale (SSRSS) and Student\u27s Biology Interest Scale (SBIS) validated at a reliability coefficient of 0.86 and 0.79 respectively served as instruments. Cronbach Alpha was used to test for the consistency of the reliability of the instruments. Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient was used to answer the research questions. t-Test correlation was used to test hypotheses 1 and 2. The findings of the study revealed that there was low positive correlation between self – efficacy skill on academic achievement. There was low positive correlation between motivation skill on academic achievement. The relationships were not statistically significant. Students should practice self-reflection to identify their area of strength and weakness in biology subject to promote self-regulatory skills. The study recommended among others that teachers should incorporate activities that promote self-efficacy and problem -solving skills such as setting achievable goals and providing feedback. Students should inculcate the mindset of achieving a set goal for learning biological concepts in order to boost their interests and achievement. 
ECONOMIC MELTDOWN AND INSECURITY: RETHINKING THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN NATION BUILDING
No full textThe ongoing convergence of economic collapse and insecurity present a serious threat to nation building in low and middle income contexts and together, economic collapse (characterized by issues like inflation, fiscal deficits and unemployment) combined with expanding insecurity (the existence of terrorism, communal violence and organized crime) create a feedback loop that destabilizes development. Traditional modes of engagement like foreign aid or political reform are often too inaccurate, lack innovative disruptions, and require foresight, future-looking prospects but fails to recognize the importance of science and innovation, specifically in the design of sustainable and systemic solutions. This article rethinks science as an agent for change in national development. We argue that science, which in this case extends to research, technology, innovation, and evidence-based provision, needs to be repositioned at the centre of economic recovery and security reform moving forward. This study showcases how deliberate investments enhances scientific research, STEM education, data-based policymaking, and technology infrastructure can lead to renewed economic recovery, improved national security, and rebuilding public confidence. Ultimately, the article supports the purposeful infusion of science into governance, policy and society, and moving it from the background to the forefront of progress. Faced with impending economic collapse and rising threats, science is no longer an option, it is the catalyst for re-birth. 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS ROLE IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
No full textThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational management and planning has fundamentally altered how institutions optimize operations, formulate policies, and enhance learning experiences. This study critically examines AI’s transformative potential, practical applications, and ethical implications in educational settings. By synthesizing recent research, the paper explores how AIdriven tools—such as predictive analytics, automation, and intelligent decision-support frameworks—are streamlining administrative workflows, improving resource allocation, and enabling evidence-based strategies. Additionally, the study addresses key challenges, including infrastructure limitations, ethical concerns, and resistance to change, while proposing actionable recommendations for responsible AI adoption. The findings underscore AI’s capacity to revolutionize educational systems while emphasizing the need for thoughtful implementation and oversight. 
CYBER SECURITY ISSUES CONFRONTING SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textDigital information management systems have impacted critical technical infrastructure development around the world but cyber security management issues are constantly at the fore, therefore, the need to strengthen and protect these systems against the ever-evolving cyber threats is pertinent. The study therefore, analyzed cyber security issues confronting administrators in management information systems in the secondary schools in Anambra State. The study adopted descriptive survey design and two research questions guided the study. The population of the study is made 265 principals of the public secondary school in Anambra state. A researcher developed instrument titled ‘Cyber security Issues confronting secondary school administrators in management information system questionnaire” (CSICSSAMISQ) was use to collect data. The questionnaire containing 20 items, structured on 4 point liket structure of Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Strongly Disagreed (SD), and Disagreed (D). It was validated by three experts who are lecturers in the department of Educational Management and policy and Measurement and Evaluation all in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Cronbach-alpha was used to test reliability of the instrument which yielded a coefficient value of 0.85. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study showed that there are constant cyber threats on school information systems and cyber security measures have been applied minimally. Therefore, the study concluded that cyber-attack and threats are the bane of information technology and to mitigate this challenge, Administrators of school organizations have to be ahead of these attackers in making sure that all kinds of vulnerabilities and gaps are constantly closed in by applying multiple security measures. It was recommended that; the Administrators should organize periodic capacity building seminars and workshops for their Administrative Staff on digital information management and cyber security. Also Government should be proactive in prosecuting internet fraudsters. If all these are done, they will ensure a sustainable school information management system
The hepatitis B virus: Attitude, perception and willingness to undergo vaccination among undergraduates in health-related courses in a tertiary institution, Lagos, Nigeria
No full textHepatitis B virus (HBV), an infectious disease of global significance, causes a significant health burden particularly in Africa. Medical and paramedical undergraduates are at increased risk of HBV exposure due to their academic and clinical responsibilities. Attitudes, perceptions and willingness to receive vaccination are determinants of protection and disease transmission.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and paramedical undergraduates using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and perception of HBV, attitudes toward vaccination, and willingness to receive HBV vaccine. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Level of statistical significance was set at p value <0.05. Of 277 consecutively recruited respondents, 18.8%, 24.5% and 13.7% were medical, medical laboratory science and nursing students respectively while 43.0% were pharmacy students. A total of 62.5% of the respondents strongly agreed that Hepatitis B poses a significant occupational hazard for medical and paramedical students, and 64.6% showed a positive attitude towards Hepatitis B and vaccination. More than three-quarters, 78.7% expressed their willingness to be vaccinated. Of these, 72.9% were very likely to recommend it to their peers. Positive attitude and willingness to be vaccinated was significantly associated with gender (p=0.001 & 0.030) and faculty of study (p=0.016 & < 0.001) respectively.
The study demonstrated positive attitudes towards both Hepatitis B and vaccination among respondents. Willingness to vaccinate appears promising but hindered by logistic and financial constraints. Targeted health education, discounted vaccination programs, and curriculum integration are recommended to promote vaccine uptake among undergraduates in Nigerian universities
Effectiveness of an educational dietary intervention among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary hospital, South-West Nigeria: A quasi-experimental study.
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and dietary modification is a major cornerstone in its management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational dietary intervention in patients with T2DM in a tertiary hospital in Lagos State, Nigeria.
A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between November 2023 and February 2024. Patients were split into intervention and control groups. A brochure on healthy dietary habits and a modifiable dietary timetable was developed and deployed to patients in collaboration with a nutritionist. Patients’ knowledge of T2DM and dietary behaviors was evaluated using structured pre- and post-questionnaires adapted from a validated questionnaire.
Eighty-four T2DM patients were enrolled, comprising 50 (59.5%) females and 34 (40.5%) males. Most patients were >60 years and had a family history of T2DM (56%). However, these differences were insignificant between the two groups. Responses to study questions were significant in the pre-and post-groups. After intervention, patient’s dietary knowledge significantly increased compared to the control group (8.74±0.49 vs 6.02±1.55, respectively; F=28.92; p<0.001). Using principal component analysis, the primary factors influencing patients’ dietary habits were monthly income (0.768), availability (0.649), and taste of food (0.587). Additionally, 83% of patients in the intervention group stated that the dietary timetable was practical, feasible, and worth exploring.
Patient knowledge of dietary modification in T2DM significantly improved after the intervention, and study findings demonstrate the usefulness of educational resources in improving understanding of T2DM management
Toxicity profile of the aqueous methanol stem bark extract of Erythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae) in rodents
No full textErythrina senegalensis DC. (Fabaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine, particularly the stem bark, which is employed in treating ailments such as malaria, jaundice, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammation. Its extensive folkloric use underscores the need for rigorous toxicological validation. This study evaluated the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of the crude aqueous methanol extract of the stem bark (CAMEES) in Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was assessed using Lorke’s method, while sub-chronic toxicity followed the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline 407. In the 28-day sub-chronic study, fifty-six rats (28 males and 28 females) were divided into four groups (n = 7/sex/group) and administered 0 (control), 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day of CAMEES orally. Parameters evaluated included body weight, food intake, haematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathology. No mortality or observable clinical toxicity was recorded in the acute phase, and the oral LD₅₀ was estimated to exceed 5000 mg/kg. Sub-chronic administration did not cause significant alterations in body weight or food consumption. However, significant increases in serum glucose (8.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.2 ± 1.8 mmol/L; P = 0.043), total cholesterol (385.6 ± 68.2 vs. 305.1 ± 6.2 mmol/L; P = 0.039), and albumin (4.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 g/L; P = 0.046) were observed at specific doses. Mild sex-related variations in lymphocyte and platelet counts were also noted (P < 0.05). Histological examination revealed no lesions in major organs. Overall, CAMEES exhibited a favorable safety profile, supporting its continued investigation for therapeutic applications
Optimized low-cost isolation of α-amyrin acetate from Alstonia boonei: toward scalable production of a bioactive triterpenoid.
No full textAlpha amyrin acetate is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with well-documented pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anticancer potentials. However, low yields and laborious purification steps from natural sources have limited its availability for advanced pharmacological studies. This study aimed to develop a simple, cost-effective, and efficient procedure by optimizing the isolation of α-amyrin acetate from Alstonia boonei stem bark with high yield and purity. Pulverized stem bark was extracted by maceration in absolute methanol and in methanol–dichloromethane (1:1) for 2–7 days. Extracts were filtered, and crude triterpenoids were precipitated via slow solvent evaporation. The crude precipitates were purified using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) on silica gel with graded hexane–ethyl acetate solvent systems. The fractions were monitored by TLC. Methanol extracts yielded between 3.48–6.46% crude triterpenoids, with optimum yield from day 5. Methanol–dichloromethane extracts gave higher crude yields (6.46–8.16%), peaking at day 7. However, VLC purification revealed that methanol extracts produced significantly higher yields of pure α-amyrin acetate, with the highest recovery (26.52% of crude triterpenoid) while the mixed solvent system yielded a maximum of 10.29%. Maceration in methanol for six days followed by precipitation and VLC purification provides a simple, low-cost, and efficient method for isolating α-amyrin acetate from A. boonei. The optimized protocol reduces the number of purification steps, improves selectivity, and enables the recovery of sufficient quantities for pharmacological and toxicological studies