Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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Legal Regime of Corporate Governance and Shareholders’ Rights in Nigeria
No full textThe regulatory environment of corporations in Nigeria has gradually skewed towards an imbalance inthe powers of the Shareholders vis-à-vis that of the Directors. This has led to the marginalization of theshareholders. A better understanding of the roles and rights of Shareholders is required to makeinformed and responsible investment decisions. This requires reasonable and timely access to sufficientinformation about issues affecting their investments and an understanding of the engagement customsand legal framework of the market in which they invest. This paper analyzed the existing CorporateGovernance regulatory framework on the rights of Shareholders. The doctrinal methodology was usedin in demonstrating the importance of shareholder rights to the development of the Nigerian StockExchange, drawing extensively from the provisions of the Nigerian Code of Corporate Governance,2018 as well as other relevant legislation, primary data from cases, and secondary data sources. Theresearch found that regulatory dysfunction is a major barrier to the exercise of shareholder rights andrecommends more effective mechanisms to ensure the implementation and enforceability of the principles of the Code
THE LEGAL APPRAISAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON IMMIGRATION IN NIGERIA
No full textThis paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI)for policy and practice within the realm of immigration, framed by the existing international humanrights framework characterized by rules, standards, and principles. The discourse underscores thepivotal role of AI in shaping immigration processes, while reflecting on salient strategic challenges andopportunities. Although AI proffers a multitude of advantages for migration policy and practice, itconcurrently engenders a spectrum of risks stemming from governmental malpractice and citizenvulnerabilities, with migrants being particularly susceptible. The methodology employed in this study isdoctrinal, hinging on an analysis of textbooks, constitutions, and case law. The paper ultimatelyconcludes that Nigeria currently lacks a robust legal framework to regulate AI. Consequently, itadvocates for the formulation and enactment of specific laws and regulations to govern ArtificialIntelligence and related technological concerns in Nigeria, in alignment with global best practices
LAND TENURE, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING THE TENSIONS BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW, STATUTORY LAW, AND INVESTMENT SECURITY IN NIGERIA
No full textThis paper explores how Nigeria’s dual land tenure system customary and statutory law affects property rights and commercial development. While land is vital for production, identity, and governance, conflicting systems under customary practices and the Land Use Act of 1978 create uncertainty, weaken tenure security, and deter investment. Challenges include poor land registration, bureaucratic delays, expropriation risks, and weak contract enforcement, impacting housing, agriculture, infrastructure, and industry. The study calls for harmonized reforms to protect property rights, streamline administration, and build investor confidence while preserving cultural heritage, enabling Nigeria to unlock land’s potential, reduce conflict, and drive sustainable economic growth.
AN EXAMINATION OF NIGERIAN LEGISLATIONS PROTECTING THE RIGHT OF A CHILD AGAINST CHILD MARRIAGE IN NIGERIA: THE CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES
No full textChild marriage remains a challenge to the protection of human rights, especially the rights of the girl child. This challenge is not limited to Nigeria as child marriage remains prevalent in other nations globally. The aim of this article, therefore, limited to the examination of Nigerian legislations protecting against child marriage. It unraveled the influences of cultural and religious factors sustaining child marriage in Nigeria. The article adopted the doctrinal research methodology which deals with the use of text books, journal articles in reputable journals, and internet sourced materials. The authors are of the position that cultural and religious factors have great influence in the existence of child marriage in Nigeria. The article observed that child marriage is a practice deeply rooted in cultural norms, economic pressures, and gender inequalities, posing significant challenges to the realisation of children’s rights. It recommended that Nigeria must harmonise its legal framework to be of international standards on child rights protection in order to eliminate child marriage in Nigeria.
LEGAL EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLOITATION ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS
No full textOur world today has become a global village radically taken over by industrialization and development in every aspect. Although these appear to be steps in the right direction in our quest towards perfection, it is important that steps are also taken to ensure the protection of the rights of humans in this ever-developing world, as failure to do so will put humans and the environment at the risk of a perfect disaster. It is in this regard that there is the development of human and environmental rights. These rights have been protected under various national and international laws, conventions and treaties, all of which are generally aimed at the same objective, which is to set out boundaries and preserve the environment and humanity in the course of environmental exploration and exploitation. Using doctrinal research methodology, this paper examines the legal effects of natural resource exploitation on human and environmental rights, with a focus on the Nigerian context. The research finds that though there are laws protecting human and environmental rights, most of those laws are similar to a toothless bull dog, who only barks but cannot bite. This is because they are non-justiciable, unenforceable, unspecific or too vague, making it difficult for one to institute an action for its enforcement. The paper therefore recommends that Nigeria adopts a rights-based approach to natural resource governance, where human and environmental rights are prioritized alongside economic growth
Self-Regulation Ability as a Correlate of Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Biology in Anambra State
No full textThe unending quest to enhance students’ academic performance in biology in external examinations motivated the study on relationship between self-regulation ability and secondary school students’ academic achievement in biology. The study guided by three research questions, with three testable null hypotheses, adopted a correlational survey research design. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to draw a sample of 227 (94 males and 133 females) SS2 students, from the 18,730 SS2 students, enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic session in Anambra State. An Adapted Self-regulation scale (SRS) and a Biology score proforma (BSP), were used for data collection. SRS was face validated by three experts with a reliability co-efficient of 0.85 established using Cronbach alpha. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Coefficient to answer the research questions and t-test for correlation to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that secondary school students’ self-regulation ability positively and significantly correlated with their academic achievement in biology. Also, the study reported that male students were significantly more self-regulated than the female students, although the correlation was statistically significant for both. Based on the findings, the study concluded that students’ self-regulation ability, irrespective of gender, has a strong relationship with their academic achievement in biology. The study therefore recommended among others that curriculum developers should redesign the biology curriculum to inculcate activities that will motivate students to think critically, promote self-determination and foster selfregulation abilities that will in the long run enhance their academic achievement in biology. 
ASSESSING THE DUAL INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MATHEMATICS UNDERGRADUATES’ LEARNING OUTCOMES.
No full textThis study examined assessing the dual influence of social media on mathematics undergraduates’ learning outcomes. The research provided five research questions and two hypotheses to determine the student activeness on social media in relation to their learning outcome. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The populations used for this study comprised of all the full-time undergraduate students of mathematics from Tai Solarin University of Education. Using convenience sampling technique, a total sample of one hundred and five respondents were selected across all levels for the study. A self-developed Questionnaire; face validated by experts with reliability coefficient of 0.86 established using Cronbach Alpha, was used for data collection. Also, the students’ academic records were collected from the departments. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation addressed research questions while the hypothesis generated were tested using multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that WhatsApp is the highest social media students are exposed to follow by Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat. It was concluded that social media has a dual influence (positive and negative) on students learning outcome. However, to have a more positive learning outcome, it was recommended that social media network usage by students should focus on the academic relevance. 
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-DRIVEN TOOLS AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE.
No full textThe purpose of the study was to ascertain relationship between the perceived use of artificial intelligencedriven tools and perceived administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools in Anambra State. Correlation research design was used for the study. The population of the study consisted of 268 public secondary school principals in Anambra State. No sampling technique was done as the population is of manageable size. Data for the study were obtained collected using two sets of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient. The findings of the study revealed that a high positive and significant relationship existed between principals’ perceived use of AI-powered analytics and perceived administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that Ministry of Education should organize seminars and workshops for principals on the need to improve on their use of AI-driven infrastructure for administrative effectiveness. 
Reimagining Disillusionment: A Re-evaluation of Return Migration in Nuruddin Farah\u27s Crossbones
No full textThis paper critically examines the phenomenon of return migration among African subjects who, having established lives in Western contexts, voluntarily repatriate to their ancestral homelands. Conventional scholarship often frames return migration through a prism of failure, positing that returnees are individuals unable to realize aspirations in the West and consequently seek refuge from frustration and disappointment in their countries of origin. However, this study diverges from such interpretations by focusing on the experiences of African returnees who, despite achieving a degree of comfort and integration in the West, encounter profound disillusionment upon re-entry into their home societies. These returnees frequently confront a complex nexus of challenges, including but not limited to, socio-cultural reintegration deficits, economic precarity, persistent issues of insurgency and terrorism, governance deficiencies, systemic corruption, and overwhelming societal pressures. The recurrence and exacerbation of these antecedent conditions, which often served as initial impetuses for outward migration, lead to a profound re-evaluation of their decision to return. Employing migration theory as its guiding analytical framework, this study undertakes a novel re-reading of Nuruddin Farah\u27s Crossbones. This approach aims to elucidate the multifaceted dimensions of disillusionment experienced by these return migrants, thereby offering a counter-narrative to prevailing scholarly interpretations of the primary text. Ultimately, this research posits a direct correlation between the challenges faced by returnees and the broader developmental trajectories of their home countries. It contends that pervasive issues such as economic and political instability, terrorism, corruption, and unfulfilled social expectations significantly impede successful return migration and, by extension, national development
Innovative approaches in pneumococcal vaccine development: Harnessing natural compounds and advanced delivery systems
No full textStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of upper respiratory diseases worldwide, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, the aged, and immunosuppressed individuals. Although current pneumococcal vaccines have significantly reduced the global disease burden, limitations such as serotype replacement, variable immunogenicity, and accessibility challenges highlight the need for innovative approaches. This review explores strategies in pneumococcal vaccine development, the potential of protein-based vaccines that target conserved antigens, and recombinant technologies such as reverse vaccinology. The role of natural compounds, including bioactive molecules from Pleurotus ostreatus and saponin-based adjuvants, is discussed for their immunomodulatory properties. Advanced delivery systems like ISCOMATRIX and nanoparticle-based platforms are presented as solutions for enhancing mucosal and systemic immunity. This review further highlights the importance of integrating emerging technologies to ensure global accessibility. These innovations hold promise for developing universal and adaptable pneumococcal vaccines that are both effective and affordable for diverse populations