Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES COMPÉTENCES LINGUISTIQUES EN FOS: UNE ANALYSE DES BESOINS ET DES ATTENTES DES APPRENANTS
No full textThe original aspect of this study lies in its approach, which focuses on a detailed analysis of the match between the real needs of learners of French for Specific Purposes (FSP) and the content currently offered in training programmes. Unlike much previous research, which has focused mainly on the general description of FSP practices or on the development of teaching materials, this article highlights the concrete discrepancies between the specific expectations of learners and the existing educational provision. Indeed, this research is not limited to a theoretical or prescriptive perspective, but is based on a critical analysis of current programmes, cross-referencing this data with feedback and expectations expressed by the learners themselves. This enables us to move beyond a top-down approach and adopt a genuinely participatory approach, incorporating the voice of the final beneficiaries into the evaluation of the effectiveness of the schemes. In addition, this study makes an innovative contribution by considering FSP not only as a language skill to be acquired, but also as a strategic lever for professional integration and academic success. It underlines the importance of contextualised training, rooted in the socio-professional realities of learners, and proposes concrete avenues for improvement through the adaptation of content, teaching methods and assessment procedures.
Résumé L’angle original de cette étude réside dans son approche centrée sur une analyse fine de l’adéquation entre les besoins réels des apprenants en Français sur Objectifs Spécifiques (FOS) et les contenus actuellement proposés dans les programmes de formation. Contrairement à de nombreuses recherches antérieures qui se sont principalement focalisées sur la description générale des pratiques en FOS ou sur l’élaboration de matériel didactique, cet article met en lumière les décalages concrets entre les attentes spécifiques des apprenants et l’offre pédagogique existante. En effet, la présente recherche ne se limite pas à une perspective théorique ou prescriptive, mais s’appuie sur une analyse critique des programmes en vigueur, en croisant ces données avec les retours et attentes exprimés par les apprenants eux-mêmes. Ce positionnement permet de dépasser une approche descendante pour adopter une démarche véritablement participative, intégrant la voix des bénéficiaires finaux dans l’évaluation de l’efficacité des dispositifs. De plus, cette étude apporte une contribution novatrice en envisageant le FOS non seulement comme une compétence linguistique à acquérir, mais aussi comme un levier stratégique pour l’insertion professionnelle et la réussite académique. Elle souligne l’importance d’une formation contextualisée, ancrée dans les réalités socioprofessionnelles des apprenants, et propose des pistes concrètes d’amélioration à travers l’adaptation des contenus, des méthodes pédagogiques, et des modalités d’évaluation. 
Revisiting the Legal and Regulatory Framework for Banking Business in Nigeria
No full textIn almost every economy, banking industry is one of the most regulated and supervisedindustries. Nevertheless, as banking business continue to evolves, new banking risks andchallenges also continue to emerge, thereby prompting legal and policy reforms. In Nigeria, thebanking industry has recently witnessed fundamental legal and policy reforms throughenactment of the new Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020; the NigeriaDeposit Insurance Cooperation (NDIC) Act 2023; Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Circular of2nd September 2021 directing all banks in Nigeria to implement Basel III standards in Nigeria;and CBN Guidelines for digital banking amongst others. This study, therefore, revisited thesenew regulatory and supervisory framework for banking in Nigeria. The objectives were toexamine the critical reforms introduced under the new legal regime for the regulation andsupervision of banks and banking business in Nigeria; and also to determine the adequacy, orotherwise, of these new reforms in controlling the emerging risks and challenges for Nigeria’sbanking industry. The study found that although the new legal and policy reforms in Nigeriaare laudable, the banking business in Nigeria is faced with new operational risks and challengesthat were not contemplated in the recent legal and policy reforms. Consequently, the studyconcluded with policy considerations for overcoming the challenges faced by the regulatoryand supervisory frameworks for banking business in Nigeria
Violations of Rules of Engagement and Human Rights in Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria
No full textBoko Haram insurgency that erupted in the northeast Nigeria has led to a serious security challenges inthe country. Efforts have been made by governments to counter the insurgence. On the basis of whichmilitary operations have been launched severally to quell the insurgence and to regain territories alreadyseized by Boko Haram group, to stabilize and assert state authority in the region. The attacks by thegroup and counter operations by the armed forces have led to deaths of many including but not limitedto unarmed civilian populations both women and children in the region. The quantum loss of lives anddestructions of property have raised humanitarian concerns. Against this backdrop, the study examinesthe violations of rules of engagement and human rights by the group and armed forces. It considersamong other things, the causes and effects of the insurgency on Nigeria’s economy. The study employsdoctrinal research method and relies on both primary and secondary sources of material relevant to thestudy. The study finds a clear case of violation of human rights and rules of engagement by the partiesinvolved, resulting to various degrees of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The studyrecommends an adoption of non-force approach such as genuine dialogue with the insurgent group asuse of military force will only increase level of violence in the region. It concludes that failure to addressthe root causes of the insurgency would amount to waste of efforts and resources by the government
A QUERY OF THE LEGALITY OF CONSENT FEE CHARGED BY GOVERNORS PURSUANT TO SECTION 22 OF THE LAND USE ACT
No full textThis article considered the legality of the consent fee prescribed by Governors for alienation of the right of occupancy under section 22 of the Land Use Act. Considering that this article borders solely on law, the article examined provisions of the Act relating to the practise of consent fees and judicial decisions. The research conducted was doctrinal. The article argues that consent fee is a tax, and that no pecuniary burden can be imposed upon a citizen by whatever name it may be called, whether tax, due, rate or toll or fee, except upon clear and distinct legal authority, established by those who seek to impose the burden. The paper contends that there is no power, express or implied, vested in the Governor to prescribe any fees as a precondition for exercising his power under section 22 of the Act and that the Governor’s consent power is only exercisable subject to a regulation made by the Council of States in that regard under section 46(1(a) of the Act. The paper concludes by recommending a public-interest litigation to test the legality of the practice of Governor’s consent fee
IMPLEMENTING THE UNIFIED TAX IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM: LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA’S NEW TAX ARCHITECTURE
No full textThe unification of tax identification in Nigeria marks a watershed in the country’s fiscal and legal landscape, particularly with the enactment of the Nigeria Tax Administration Act, 2025, the Nigeria Tax Act, 2025, the Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Act, 2025, and the Joint Revenue Board of Nigeria (Establishment) Act, 2025. These legislative instruments establish a new tax architecture designed to harmonize taxpayer data, minimize multiplicity of taxation, and enhance efficiency in revenue collection across federal, state, and local levels. Central to this reform is the Unified Tax Identification Number (UTIN), a system aimed at streamlining tax administration, broadening the tax base, and ensuring transparency in compliance and enforcement. However, the legal and administrative challenges of implementing the UTIN remain profound. Issues of institutional overlap, federalism tensions, weak digital infrastructure, taxpayers’ rights protection, and the potential for double taxation persist despite legislative innovations. This paper interrogates these challenges within the framework of Nigeria’s fiscal federalism, examining how the new Acts attempt to resolve jurisdictional conflicts, strengthen intergovernmental cooperation through the Joint Revenue Board of Nigeria, and introduce mechanisms for dispute resolution and accountability. By critically assessing the opportunities and pitfalls of the new tax regime, the paper argues that while the UTIN is a progressive step toward a modern and integrated tax system, its effectiveness will depend on political will, robust institutional frameworks, and the protection of taxpayers’ rights within the rule of law
AN APPRAISAL OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EXPERT EVIDENCE IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examines the requirements guiding the admissibility of expert evidence under Nigerian law. Using doctrinal research methodology, it examines the provisions of the Evidence Act 2011, which establishes the criteria for expert qualification, including professional competence, relevant experience, and specialized knowledge in technical fields. It discusses some basic terms as well as concepts that relates to the Law of Evidence. In essence, an appreciation of the true meaning and import of such concepts and terms, is sine quanon to a proper understanding of the requirements guiding the admissibility of expert evidence under Nigerian law. The study identifies challenges in the current system, including conflicting expert opinions, lack of a clear regulatory framework, Bias and partisanship, lack of trust by courts and procedural delays and costs. It concludes by recommending reforms to strengthen credibility, standardize qualifications, and enhance the reliability of expert testimony in Nigerian courts
THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND DUMPING ON LOCAL INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA
No full textTrade Liberalization and Dumping have a complex and often contradictory relationship in international trade. While Trade Liberalization has been the cornerstone of international trade policy, aiming to reduce barriers and increase economic cooperation among nations. However, the reduction of tariffs and quotas has also led to concerns about unfair trade practices, such as dumping, its impact on domestic industries and the role of international organization in regulating these practices. Dumping occurs when company exports goods to another country at a price that is lower than the normal value of the goods, often causing harm to the domestic industry of the importing country. Anti-dumping measures such as tariffs and quotas can be used to protect domestic industries from unfair trade practices. The WTO provides a framework for countries to address trade disputes and ensures that practices are fair and transparent. This paper adopted doctrinal research methodology where primary and secondary sources of law were evaluated. This paper concluded inter alia that the relationship between trade liberalization and dumping is paradoxical. While the former seeks to foster open markets, it can also create an environment where the later becomes a more attractive and effective business strategy. This, in-turn, can lead to the implementation of anti-dumping measures, which, if misused can become a new form of protectionism, ultimately counteracting the spirit of free trade. The paper recommended among others that countries should implement effective anti-dumping measures that are consistent with WTO rules
EFFECT OF AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) TOOLS ON LOW ACHIEVING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT IN MATHEMATICS IN ABA EDUCATION ZONE
No full textAmidst students’ perception of Mathematics as abstract and difficult, augmented reality (AR) offers a dynamic and interactive instructional approach to enhance learning engagement. Therefore, this study examined the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) tools on student engagement in Mathematics in the Aba Education Zone, Abia State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided this study. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A sample of 60 Senior Secondary School Two (SS2) students identified as low-achievers was drawn from a population of 9,274 SS2 students using a multistage sampling technique. The Mathematics Engagement Scale (MES) with a reliability coefficient of 0.85, was used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation, and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. Results showed that AR significantly enhanced student engagement. The study recommended integrating AR into Mathematics teaching to support low-achieving learners and promote inclusive, technology-enhanced learning. 
EFFECTS OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY IN UDI EDUCATION ZONE OF ENUGU STATE
No full textThis study investigated the effects of Experiential Learning Approach (ELA) on secondary school students’ academic achievement in biology in Udi Education Zone of Enugu State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design with a 2x2 factorial structure. The population of the study comprised of 1784 (792 males and 992 females) senior secondary school two (SS2) biology students in all the government coeducational secondary schools in Udi Education Zone of Enugu State. A total of 84 (44 males and 40 females) SS2 biology students from two co-educational secondary schools were purposively selected and randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. The study was guided by two research questions and three null hypotheses, tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collection was Biology Achievement Test (BAT), validated by three experts with reliability coefficients determined using Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20) and yielding a value of 0.82. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that students taught Biology using ELA significantly outperformed those taught using LM in their academic achievement in Biology. Gender did not significantly influence achievement in Biology and there was no significant interaction effect between teaching method and gender on achievement of students in Biology. The study concluded that ELA enhances students’ achievement in biology more effectively than lecture method. Based on the findings, it was recommended that biology teachers should integrate ELA into instructional practices and those curriculum developers and education stakeholders consider ELA to improve science education outcomes. 
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE PEDAGOGY: INCORPORATING LOCAL RESOURCES AND INDIGENOUS PRACTICES TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY
No full textThe study investigated the impact of culturally responsive pedagogy by incorporating local resources and indigenous practices, on students’ achievement in secondary school Chemistry. The study adopted a quasi- experimental design, specifically pretest posttest non -equivalent control group. Two research questions and three null hypotheses tested at.05 level of significance guided the study. The population of the study comprised 435 (214 male and 221 female) SS1 students in all the public secondary schools in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State. The sample size consisted of 115 (50 male and 65 female) students drawn from the target population using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques since gender is a variable in the study. The instrument for data collection, chemistry achievement test (CAT) was face and content validated by three experts in Science Education Department, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The reliability coefficient of CAT was determined to be 0.74 using Kuder Richardson formula 20 (KR-20). Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using ANCOVA. The findings of the study indicated a significant difference in students’ achievement between those taught using local resources and indigenous practices and those taught with lecture method, in favour of the experimental group. Again, a non- significant difference in achievement was observed between male and female students exposed to local resources and indigenous practices, and the interaction effect of method and gender was also not significant. It was recommended that chemistry teachers should teach students with materials and examples from their immediate environment to achieve positive results.