Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL FINANCING ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA: MODERATING EFFECT OF CORRUPTION
No full textOver the years, the Nigerian government has introduced several initiatives to enhance agricultural financing, including the Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP), Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP), Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS), and NIRSA. However, agricultural output has not grown proportionately, largely due to corruption. Once a global exporter of cocoa, palm oil, and groundnuts, Nigeria now depends heavily on imports of staples such as rice and wheat. While agricultural financing is known to boost productivity, the moderating role of corruption remains less explored. This study investigates the impact of agricultural financing on agricultural productivity in Nigeria, with corruption as a moderating factor. Annual time series data from 1996–2022 were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), World Development Indicators (WDI), and Transparency International (TI). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed to capture both short- and long-run dynamics, with structural breaks incorporated through dummy variables. Results show that government agricultural expenditure has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on productivity, while the interaction between expenditure and corruption exerts a negative and significant effect in both the short and long run. This indicates that corruption undermines the effectiveness of agricultural financing. The study recommends strengthening transparency and monitoring of agricultural spending, reinforcing anti-corruption mechanisms, and ensuring policy consistency to maximize the benefits of agricultural financing. 
RIGHTS OF WOMEN TO CUSTODY OF CHILDREN IN NIGERIA: A LEGAL APPRAISAL
No full textIn Nigeria, the legal framework governing women\u27s rights to custody of children is primarily outlined invarious statutes that aim to address parental responsibilities and child welfare. The legal frameworkgoverning child custody in Nigeria reflects a complex interplay between statutory law, customarypractices, and international human rights standards. The essence of custody, as articulated in variousjudicial interpretations and legal definitions, revolves around the care, control, and maintenance of achild, emphasizing both physical and legal aspects of custody. The overarching principle in theconsideration of child custody, is the child\u27s best interest, which transcends the specific circumstances ofthe custody dispute. This paper seeks to appraise the provisions of the law and practices in considerationof child custody in Nigeria, and the impact on the welfare and development of the Nigerian child. This isin view of the fact, that the child is mentally and physically immature, and needs proper development andcare. The work found that in many decisions of child custody, though factors such as conduct of parents,parental wishes, age of the child, child welfare are put into consideration, the child usually bears thebrunt at the end of the day. It is recommended that custody decisions be made with a focus on the child\u27sbest interests while balancing the rights and responsibilities of both parents
APPRAISAL OF THE LEGAL STATUS AND EFFICACY OF NIGERIA EDUCATION LOAN FUND
No full textProvision of free university education is one of the ways Government is directed to use to eradicate illiteracy under section 18(3)(c) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 as amended. This is however qualified as this educational objective is to be attained “as and when practicable”. Besides, the said educational objective is declared non- justiciable under section 6(6)(c) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 as amended. Hence, it has become a tall order to attain the constitutional target of free university education. Against this background, this paper interrogated the legal status and efficacy of the Nigeria Education Loan Fund set up by the federal Government of Nigeria. The paper found out that the Nigeria Education Loan Fund is standing on solid legal ground as it is established under the Student Loans (Access to Higher Education) (Repeal and Re-Enactment) Act, 2024 as a body corporate, that can sue and be sued. The paper also established that much as Nigeria Education Loan Fund is legally empowered to grant zero interest loans to students pursuing higher education, however, this is not a substitute for provision of free university education. It was therefore recommended among other things that the right to free university education should be made justiciable and operational without further delay so that Nigerian students can enjoy the desired and desirable constitutional threshold of provision of free university education.
ELECTRONIC PAYMENT AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textPayment system in most developing economies has predominantly been cash-based. In Nigeria, due to instances of inundated corrupt allegations and other unethical financial misappropriation in many organizations, electronic payment system was introduced, especially in schools. This study examined electronic payment and educational services in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. Three research questions which were raised in line with the specific objectives guided this paper. The theoretical underpinning was diffusion of innovation theory and the study design was descriptive survey. The study population was sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and fifty (68,350), while the sample size was three hundred and ninety-six (396) undergraduates of public tertiary institutions in the State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. Structured questionnaire served as instrument for data collection. Contents validation was carried out on the instrument and Cronbach Alpha method was used to ascertain its reliability. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution tables, and correlation. Findings revealed that students perceive online payment system in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State as somewhat efficient. Effects of online payment system in public tertiary institutions in the State ranges from enhancement of fast delivery of transactions, non-reflection and pending verifications of payments, slow and unnecessary delay in transactions, to incessant failure of transactions. It also indicated that challenges encountered by students in the use of online payment system are slowness and unavailability of network when needed, poor banks server connectivity which makes it difficult for quick verification of payments, lack of internet connection and lack of basic internet skills. This paper concludes that in spite of inherent challenges in the use of online payment system, it is still the most preferable and efficient means of transaction when compared with conventional cash payment among students, and has impacted on educational services significantly. It recommends amongst others that government should adequately invest and support I.T research tertiary institutions to enable them come up with best approaches to improve and enhance online system in the country. This is giving that there is ongoing call for local contents creation.  
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL GREEN ADVERTISING AND CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
No full textThe study examined the relationship between digital green advertising and corporate environmental responsibility practices in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between environmental claims and cooperate environmental responsibility practices in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector. It also investigated the relationship between transparency and engagement and cooperate environmental responsibility practices in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector. Two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The correlational survey design was adopted for the study. A sample of 210 respondents were selected from 70 registered manufacturing firms using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between environmental claims and corporate environmental responsibility practices, and also between transparency and engagement and corporate environmental responsibility practices. The study revealed that digital green advertising, when conducted with sincerity and accountability is positively related to corporate environmental responsibility practices among Nigerian manufacturing enterprises. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for manufacturing firms to strengthen the credibility of their green advertising strategies and adopt transparent stakeholder engagement as a core element of sustainability communication. 
FAIR COMPETITION AND PROCUREMENT EFFICIENCY IN THE RIVERS STATE GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES
No full textThis study examined the relationship between fair competition and procurement efficiency in Rivers State Government ministries. Fair competition was conceptualized as the independent variable, while value for money and public accountability served as measures of procurement efficiency. Two research questions guided the study, which adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The population comprised procurement officers across all 26 ministries in the Rivers State Government ministries. Given the manageable size of the population, a census approach was utilized. Instrument reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha, with all items scoring above 0.70. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and two hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation at a 95% confidence level and a 0.05 significance threshold. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between fair competition and procurement efficiency within the ministries. The study concludes that promoting fair competition in public procurement processes enhances transparency, reduces costs, and improves value for money and public accountability. It is recommended that stringent procurement policies be implemented to encourage competitive tendering and foster efficient procurement practices across all ministries
IMPLICATION OF BOARD COMPOSITION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
No full textThe paper titled, implications of board composition on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, aims to examine how board structures influence the effectiveness of corporate governance and overall performance of Nigeria’s banking sector. There were two research questions and two hypotheses generated to examine the situation. The research design is ex post factor design, the population of the study is all the deposit money banks listed on Nigeria exchange group out of which 10 were taken as sample based of purposive sampling technique informed by availability of data for analysis and date of listing which must be before year end 31.12.2019. Secondary data was collected from secondary source through the annual report and account of the banks and was analyzed through the support of STATA 14 versions. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and OLS multiple regression model were adopted for the study. Breusch and pagan lagrangian multiplier test for random effect was conducted. The findings of the study reveal that board size has positive and significant impact on Tobin’s Q, gender diversity has positive and significant impact on Tobin’s Q, while, board independent had a negative and insignificant influence on the Tobin’s Q. Similarly, firm size was found to have a negative and insignificant impact on Tobin’s Q of the study banks. 
Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Desertification in Sokoto State Using Remote Sensing and Vegetation Indices
No full textDesertification poses a grave challenge to the environment and socio-economic stability of Northern States in Nigeria. Desertification monitoring was analyzed for Sokoto state with the collection of MOD13Q1(250-m), MYD13Q1 (1-km) and the Vegetation Index Phenology (VIP VIPPHEN NDVI) from NASA. The Vegetation Index and Phenology (VIP) global datasets were created using surface reflectance data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) from 1981 to 1999 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra MOD09 surface reflectance data from 2000 to 2014. The Modis MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1 were used to access the vegetation index (NDVI) and Land surface temperature LST of 2010 to 2020 while the VIP VIPPHEN NDVI was used to access the NDVI of 2000. The LST of 2000 were collected from The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The Modis data and the Phenology NDVI were resampled using Landsat L8 path 191 and row 51 of Sokoto state coverage and were re-projected from unknown datum to WGS1984 UTM zone 32N. The vegetation health index (VHI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and the Thermal condition index (TCI) were estimated. TCI for the year 2000 has the highest percentage with 56.94% which falls within the normal range, the severe range has the highest percentage with 64.62% and 59.83% for the year 2010 and 2020 respectively. This result clearly indicates a decrement in the thermal condition between 2010 and 2020. The VCI analysis indicates that severe drought conditions affected the highest proportion of land in 2000 (42.21%,), 2010 (42.88%) and 2020 (42%). In VHI, the abnormal stress has the highest percentage with 56.54% for 2000 while the severe stress with 41.95% and 41.92% for 2010 and 2020 respectively. The result shows that four regions of the state (Gudu, Isa & Kebbe, Rabah, Tambawal & Tangazar) were the most affected weather for the year with highest or lowest analysis. This research provides the cost-effective means by tracking trends in degradation of land revealing the most severe which is important for the implementation of timely mitigation strategies by sustainable policy makers
Geometric Geoid Model Determination for Camp David Estate, Centenary City, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
No full textThe precision of height determination is essential for engineering and surveying applications. However, in many urbanizing areas in Nigeria, such as Camp David Estate, Abakaliki, there is no localized geoid model, which leads to vertical datum discrepancies and poor integration of GNSS-derived elevations. This study employs the GPS/levelling method to develop a geometric local geoid model tailored for Camp David Estate. Ellipsoidal heights were obtained via static GNSS observations, while orthometric heights were derived through precise spirit levelling. Geoid undulations were computed by subtracting orthometric heights from ellipsoidal heights, followed by polynomial surface modelling to construct the geoid model. The ellipsoidal heights ranged from 45.921 m to 59.150 m (mean = 53.76 m), and orthometric heights ranged from 24.49 m to 37.72 m (mean = 31.87 m). Geoid undulations were relatively uniform (mean = 21.4310 m, SD = 0.0028 m), indicating the reliability of the simple geoid model. Validation against EGM2008 revealed a consistent bias of -0.1898 m. These results confirm the suitability of the geometric method for localized geoid modelling in urban Nigerian settings. The derived model should be adopted for surveying and geospatial operations in the study area to enhance vertical accuracy