Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journals
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PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS’ SURVIVAL IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study examines the perceived influence of necessity entrepreneurship on the survival of business education students in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive research design was adopted, and the population comprised 1,105 business education students from four public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 332 business education students was selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Mean and standard deviation were used for analyzing the research questions, while an independent t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that necessity entrepreneurship has a strong influence on students’ academic engagement and financial stability. The study concludes that necessity entrepreneurship significantly enhances the academic and financial stability of students in public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. With adequate support, it serves as a practical and transformative strategy for student survival and holistic development. Based on the findings, the study recommends that tertiary institutions establish support systems that integrate practical entrepreneurship education, access to funding, wellness programs, and mentorship to enhance student survival and developmen
EVALUATION OF GRAVEL AS A GROWTH MEDIUM ON WATER QUALITY, FISH PERFORMANCE AND GREEN PEPPER YIELD IN A MEDIA BASED AQUAPONICS SYSTEM IN AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE
No full textAquaculture has been a sustained source of food security and poverty alleviation for Nigerian families. While fish and vegetables have long been staples of Nigerian meals, aquaponics is a relatively recent practice in the country. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of gravel as a growth medium on water quality metrics, plant output, and fish production in a media-based aquaponics system. The fish tanks were stocked with catfish (Clarias gariepinus), while the gravel growth bed was filled with pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. Over the course of the 24-week research period, weekly observations of pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and temperature were made in order to assess the water quality parameters. Data on biomass accumulation, fruit yield, and plant development were recorded every week. The height of green pepper started from week 1 at 20.5cm to 32 cm at week 11 showing a steady growth, the number of leaf started from 4 in week 1 to 45 at week 11, and showing growth as well. On the other hand, the leaf area grew from 5cm2 at week 1 to 42cm2 at week 11. At the conclusion of the study, fish growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival were measured. Green pepper showed a steady growth suggesting that gravel is a good medium. The gravel media maintained a steadier pH range of 6.92. Gravel kept its pH more constant, which would be advantageous for fish culture. 
An Assessment of Nigeria\u27s Foreign Policy under the Buhari Administration: Priorities and Challenges
No full textThe foreign policy of the Buhari administration in Nigeria has been faced with the challenge of policy inconsistency, domestic constraints and changing international dynamics that have cast doubt on whether the administration has been effective in promoting the national interests and international influence. The current empirical study explored the diplomatic policy of Nigeria during 2015-2023, focusing on its main goals and the challenges that accompany them. The study analysed foreign policy of Nigerian President Buhari through a qualitative research approach, particularly focusing on its priorities and challenges. The information was collected using secondary sources such as academic literature, governmental reports and reports by international organisations. A policy evaluation of policy effectiveness and barriers was carried out through an analytical research design. The salient themes were found through content analysis, whereas the relevance of the foreign-policy theories informed the understanding of the external relations of Nigeria in the period in question. Results indicate that there are continuities and changes in the diplomatic interactions of Nigeria before and after the Buhari regime. The research revealed priorities of core foreign-policy, including anti-corruption, security, and economic diplomacy, as well as successes. However, a number of setbacks such as economic limitations and lack of security were also noted. The analysis also evaluated the policy effectiveness and consistency, compared it to previous administrations, and its consequences in Nigerian regional leadership, international impact and future diplomatic orientation. The conclusion is that although the foreign policy of Buhari was in support of the traditional Afrocentric views of Nigeria, the net effect was limited by both internal and external factors. It is recommended to increase policy coherence and institutional capacity strengthening
TAXATION OF IMPORTED GOODS AND THE LIMITS OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITY IN NIGERIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF IMPORTERS’ RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
No full textAdministration of customs duties is an essential aspect of the Nigerian fiscal system and international trade regulation. However, persistent complaints of arbitrary valuation, illegal seizures, and bureaucratic abuse of international trade by customs officers indicate wide abuse of statutory powers and violation of importers’ rights anchored in law. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive review of the legal framework supporting taxation of imported goods in Nigeria and determine the boundaries of customs authority in the discharge of fiscal functions. The key research questions focus on the legal sources of customs powers, nature of importers’ rights, and some solutions to the forced dichotomy. Applying a doctrinal approach, the study analyses key statutes, such as the Customs and Excise Management Act, relevant judicial decisions and scholarly opinions to determine the extent of administrative discretion against the law. The article argues that weak administrative accountability and legislative oversight lead to a systemic trade injustice and violation of the Constitution. The article concludes with recommendations for legal reform, including among other things, digitalisation, and judicial review to balance importers’ rights and fiscal capability
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: SAFEGUARDING THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY AGAINST PORN TRADERS
No full textThe designation/characterization of the genitals as “private parts” epitomizes the profound sense of decency, modesty, and sanctity historically ascribed to them within human societies. While the inadvertent or contextual exposure of other regions of the body may be socially excused or culturally permissible; the deliberate revelation of the genitals has traditionally been regarded as an act of grave indecorum. This stringent reservation is not arbitrary but deeply embedded within the moral and ethical frameworks that govern communal life. It reflects an enduring reverence for bodily integrity and a collective commitment to preserving sexual propriety as a cornerstone of social morality and cultural identity. This article undertakes an examination of the multifaceted impact of digitalization on the privacy rights of individuals and assesses the extent to which existing legal and regulatory frameworks ensure compliance and protection. The analysis reveals a troubling normalization of sexual privacy violations in the digital sphere, where such transgressions have, in many instances, evolved into a form of economic exploitation. Increasingly, individuals illicitly obtain and disseminate intimate images or videos, weaponizing them as instruments of coercion and blackmail for financial gain. This phenomenon not only undermines personal dignity and autonomy but also exposes the inadequacies of contemporary legal mechanisms in addressing the complexities of digital sexual exploitation. A doctrinal approach of research was adopted and based on its findings, it was recommended among others that in addition to the criminalization of non-consensual porn trading, confiscating and recovering any proceeds made from it and possibly be directed to compensate victims for the emotional, social, and financial harm caused by the unlawful sharing or sale of their images. This is based on the principle that no one should profit from a crime.
JURISPRUDENTIAL ANATOMY OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY AND AGING POPULATION; CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN AFRICA
No full textThe right to health is a fundamental human right enshrined in various international and regional instruments, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. However, the realization of this right remains elusive in Africa, where inadequate healthcare facilities, poor infrastructure, and limited access to quality healthcare service persist. This paper undertakes a jurisprudential assessment of the right to health in Africa, examining the challenges and opportunities for improving healthcare facilities on the continent. The right to health is recognized as a cornerstone of human dignity and well-being. In Africa, however, the enjoyment of this right is compromised by numerous factors, including inadequate funding, brain drain, and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. The right to health is a fundamental human right enshrined in various international and regional instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights. In Africa the realization of this right remains elusive due to numerous challenges. The Africa region faces significant healthcare challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, shortage of healthcare professionals, and limited access to essential medicines. These challenges are exacerbated by poverty, inequality and poor governance. International law imposes obligations on states to ensure the progressive realization of the right to health. However, African countries face difficulties in implementing this obligation due to resource constraints and competing priorities.
GENDER AND ARMED CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA: EXAMINING ITS IMPACT ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN
No full textArmed conflict in Nigeria has evolved into one of the most persistent threats to human security, but its consequences fall unevenly across gender lines. Women and girls, already situated within a social context shaped by inequality, bear unique and often disproportionate harms during periods of violence. This article interrogated the intersection between gender and armed conflict in Nigeria, offering a clear conceptual foundation before examining the country’s complex conflict landscape from insurgency in the Northeast to communal clashes, banditry, and militancy in other regions. It explored how these conflicts undermine fundamental rights of women and girls, including the rights to life, dignity, education, health, personal liberty, and freedom from sexual and gender-based violence. The paper also evaluated the adequacy of existing legal and institutional frameworks, domestic, regional, and international that are designed to protect women and children in conflict situations. The doctrinal methodology style was utilized in carrying out this research. By providing a comparative outlook with the United Kingdom and South Africa, the work highlights practical models for prevention, protection, and reintegration that Nigeria can adopt or work with. Through this multidisciplinary analysis, the article demonstrates that gender-sensitive responses to conflict are not only legal and moral obligations but also essential for peace-building and national stability. It concluded with forward-looking recommendations aimed at reforming protection mechanisms, improving accountability for violations, and enhancing Nigeria’s commitment to safeguarding the rights and welfare of women and girls during armed conflict.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE UTILIZATION OF WEB-BASED TECHNOLOGIES BY BUSINESS EDUCATORS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis paper examined the comparative analysis of the utilization of web-based technologies by business educators in public and private universities in Anambra State. Three research questions guided the study, while three null hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of 32 business educators in two public universities in Anambra State and 10 business educators in 1 private university in Anambra State. A validated structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on Web-based Technology for Business Educators” (QWTBE) was employed. QWTBE was divided into two sections: A and B. Section A contains demographic profiles of the respondents, while Section B was subdivided into three clusters with items in line with the purpose of the study. The questionnaire was subjected to reliability testing using the Cronbach Alpha Method, and an overall coefficient of 0.89 was obtained for the three clusters. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question, while an independent samples t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. It was recommended amongst others that internet resources should be made adequately available in Universities in Nigeria, through collaborative efforts of the University authorities, government, and nongovernmental organization
SCHOOL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND INSECURITY AS CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE
No full textThis study investigated the relationships among the school physical environment, insecurity, and academic engagement of Business Education students in tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlational research design. The population comprised 590 Business Education students in the four public tertiary institutions in Anambra State. The census sampling technique was used. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire validated by three experts: two from the Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education and one from the Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, all from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using the Cronbach Alpha method, and the following reliability coefficients were obtained: 0.81 (school physical environment), 0.72 (insecurity), and 0.79 (academic engagement). The study utilized the direct method of questionnaire administration. Pearson product- moment correlation was used to analyze the research questions. Simple linear regression statistics were used to test the hypotheses. The study found that school physical environment and insecurity were correlates of academic engagement of business education students. The study recommended that tertiary institution administrators should improve the learning environment by providing adequate classroom facilities to enhance students’ academic engagemen