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Characterization and analysis of rural community associations in a peri-urban community of Imo State, Nigeria.
Get PDFA research work on rural community associations in a peri-urban community of Imo State with tables and chartsThis paper focuses on characterization and analysis of rural community associations in a peri-urban community of Imo state, Nigeria. A qualitative methodology was used to characterize rural community associations in the study
area. In Agbala community, these social units exist, comprising of six (6) women organizations, two (2) men organizations, two (2) church groups, one (1) agricultural group and seven (7) age grades. There are more social interactions
among the women organizations than the males. However, inter group interaction could be described as weak and might be a manifestation of poor social cohesion in the community. Their scope of activities cover infrastructural
development, education concerns, membership welfare and agriculture. Agricultural activity is the least of activities engaged in by these organizations. There is the need to educate the membership of existing community organization
on the importance of incorporating economic oriented projects in their programmes. Extension service should concentrate efforts in designing a clear strategy that would utilize the existing social organizations as veritable tools for
economic empowerment through grass root mobilization
The role and economics of nano-graphene functionalization in oil industry improvement
Get PDFA research article with figures and tablesThe toxic pollutants released from oil and gas activities typically takes years of clean-up and reclamation. Hence, creating the need for new nano-materials that can function as adsorbents, filter membranes, and coating materials, which offer a molecular level of control in separating relevant pollutant mixtures. The advances in graphene-family and its derivatives has proven its effectiveness to gradually replace conventional filter membranes, coatings, adsorbents, sensors for nanomaterials applications in the oilfield. The functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide has enabled such nano-graphene-composite materials to be tailored to meet the new development of coatings, adsorbents, filter membranes and sensors for oil and gas applications with high scalability potential
Evaluation of toxicological effects ethanol extracts of mimosa pudica in adult male albino rats
No full textThis work was done in collaboration with a FUTO staffThis study evaluated the in vivo toxicity effect of ethanolic extracts of Mimosa pudica in adult male albino rats. Acute toxicity test was carried out with Lorke′s method. Fifteen male rats weighing 130-160 g were used for the sub-chronic study. The rats were divided into three groups 1-3 (n=5), Group 3 served as control, Groups 1 and 2 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight doses of the extracts respectively. Acute toxicity test carried out showed that the leaf extracts of M. pudica at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg produced treatment- related signs of toxicity and mortality in the test animals. The LD50 of this plant extract was 3808 kg/mg which is less than 5000 kg/kg. Sub-chronic oral toxicity study, the administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of M. pudica extracts per body weight revealed significant increase (p ˂0.05) in the mean body weight, no significant difference (p˃0.05) for liver and renal function, oxidative stress and cardiac function, heamatological parameters, relative organ weight of the rats compared to the control groups. Biochemical parameters significantly increased (p˂0.05) in a dose dependent manner while haematological parameters significantly decreased (p˃0.05). Mild infiltration of the inflammatory cells and necrosis of the organs were observed. The use of leaf extracts of M. pudica is safe but intake of high doses and prolonged use may cause organ toxicity
Geomechanical principles of hydraulic fracturing method in unconventional gas reservoirs
Get PDFThis research aricle contains figures and tables.Unconventional gas production from shale formation is not new to oil and gas experts worldwide. But our research work was built around hydraulic fracturing technique with focus on the Perkins Kern-Nordgren (PKN) 1972 hydraulic fracturing model(s). It is a very robust and flexible model that can be used on two major shale reservoirs (with the assumption of a fixed height and fracture fluid pressure). The essence was to compare detailed geo-mechanical parameters extracted from wire-line logs with Perkin-C model to select the right well as candidate for simulation. It aided in the prediction production of shale gas from tight shale formations. These also helped in reviewing safe and economical ways of obtaining clean energy sources. Based on similarities in well and formation properties our research team subjected IDJE-2 well (located in the Agbada shale Formation of Niger Delta, Nigeria) to various conditions, equations and assumptions proposed by the study model while also validating our results with the PENOBSCOT L-30 well, located in Canada (with existing profound results from stimulations). The PENOBSCOT L-30 well (Case 1) and IDJE-2 well (Case 2) were both subjected to same conditions, equations and assumptions as applicable to the study model to enable us compare and evaluate stimulation performances. But both cases tend to react differently. However the fluid behavior at constant injection time increases at about 99.64%. Whereas, the maximum width at wellbore shows that a constant increase
of fracture width will yield an increase in propant permeability, tensile strength and Poisson’s ratio for Case 1 & 2. Our research results show how rock properties can affect fracture geometry and expected production rates from stimulated shal
Phytochemical and GC/MS analysis of the rhizome of zingiber officinale plant grown in eastern part of Nigeria
Get PDFA research article with figures and tablesPhytochemical and GC-MS analysis of zingiber offinale was carried out in the laboratory and with the aid of SHIMAZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101 coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m). The result obtained confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and phenols in the plant. Twelve peaks were obtained from the he spectra of the GC-MS. peak 1 corresponds to Furan-3-carboxaldehyde with m/z 128 and molecular formulae C6H8O2, peak 2 was identified as Benzene -1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-4hexenyl)-4-methyl m/z 202 with molecular formulae C15H22. Peak 3 as ,1-,3-cyclohexadiene-5- (,5 diethyl-4-hexenyl -2-methyl (zingiberene) m/z 204 with molecular formulae C15H24, peak 4 as Alpha farnesene m/z 204 with molecular formulae C15H24. Peaks 5,6,7,8,9,10,1,12 occurred at m/z; 220,204, 194,242,,256,296,282, 296 corresponding to butylated hydrotoulene, C15H24,,cyclohexene-3- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl-6- methelene C15H24, 2-butanone-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl C11H14O3, methyl tetra decanoate C15H32O2, n-hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester C09H26O2, Octadec-9-enoic acid, C18H34O2, Gingerol C17H28O4 and Ricinoeic acid C18H24O2 respectivel
The application of lean-six-sigma methodology in the manufacturing sector
Get PDFA Master's thesis in Industrial EngineeringThis research on application of lean six sigma methodology in the manufacturing company was carried out in the Nigerian Breweries at Enugu. Nigerian Breweries was selected for the study because it has many production lines, operating systems and management strategies which were not properly developed. The main objective of this study was to determine how application of lean six sigma can be used to minimize product and time wastes. Three production lines (line A, B and C) were considered and data were collected from each production line. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical tools. The result obtained from the analysis showed that the two (2) defects on the labelling in line A occurred at the beginning of the batch production. In line B the corking machine produced some bottles without cork. The extraction forces in Line A and B were well centered between the limits 20 and 40N while line C shifted to the left with more samples under lower specification limit of 20N. The result obtained showed the relationship between the oxygen and vacuum with respect to the pressure exerted on the cork. Capability analysis result showed that the corking machine in line B was working in a capable process with number of defects less than 0.13% which was much better than the one in line A. Line A had 0.17% of bottles rejected in the filling machine which showed that 0.028% were mistakes of the normal variability of the process. VSM analysis result showed that 32mins from the lead time were not value added activities, thus only 28.2% was value added time. Though the greater time was in the inventory before the washing machines. A reduction of 37.7% in value added time was achieved. The cause-effect diagram provided the main priorities to control and solve the problem of number of defects in each production line. The study recommended the adoption of the output of this work to other similar company
Climate variability, incidences and mitigation strategies among poultry farmers in Abia state, Nigeria
Get PDFA research article on "climate variability, incidences and mitigation strategies among poultry" done in collaboration with a FUTO Staff. It contains tables and graphs.This paper investigated climate variability, incidences and mitigation strategies among poultry farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically analysed the trend of climate variables over the period of 30 years, the perception of poultry farmers as regards the impact of climate variability on poultry production in the study area, and examined the different mitigation strategies adopted by these farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in choosing the required sample of 120 poultry farmers. Data were collected with validated structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed a high inter-annual variability in the volume of rainfall from 1983 to 2012 with insignificant correlation (0.0781) between rainfall volume and time. Also, the result showed reduction in number of rainy days and sunshine duration between 1983 and 2012 with correlation coefficients of 0.146 and 0.132respectively. Temperature had significant positive relationship with time with correlation coefficient 0.638.High mortality rate, disease outbreak, smallness of egg size, poor quality of egg shell, heat stress and reduced feed intake actually impacted on poultry production in the study area. Climate variability was therefore found to have affected poultry production in the study area and this has serious environmental and food policies implication. The respondents identified the use of climate resilient breeds, closeness to hatchery, feed improvement, mixed farming, use of artificial cooling system and stocking less during harsh season as major mitigation strategies to climate variability. It is therefore recommended that the government should come up with appropriate policy that will assist the poultry farmer to be more resilient and able to cope with effect of climate variability. Policies should also be formulated to reduce the emission and accumulation of green-house gases in our environment
Rural farm-households perception of land-related conflicts as an impediment to rural livelihoods in Imo State, Nigeria
Get PDFA research article on land-related conflicts as an impediment to rural livelihoods with tablesThe aim of this was to establish whether or not land-related conflicts could be detrimental to the lives and survival of rural people in Imo State. The specific objectives were to identify livelihood strategies of the respondents, examine perceived causes of conflicts in the area; ascertain effects of conflicts on rural economy/livelihood of the respondents and determine measures to reduce conflicts in the study area. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents from conflicts affected areas in Imo State. Data were collected with structured questionnaire and oral discussion with the
respondents. Data were analyzed using percentages and mean to achieve the objectives of the study. The results showed that 100% of the respondents
engaged in farming for survival. The major causes of the conflicts were human population pressure (M=3.43), encroachment without permission (M= 3.30), land tenure system (M=3.45), among others. The major effects of conflicts on rural economy and livelihood were farmland abandonment (M = 3.37), decrease income (M=3.12), reduction in yield (M=3.31), loss of lives (M=3.60), insecurity (M=3.00), increased hunger and starvation ( M=3.47) among others. To curb conflicts, security be provided to the communities, settlement of dispute be done quickly, and educating all actors would be necessary
Data on shale-water based drilling fluid interaction for drilling operation
No full textThis research was conducted in collaboration with a staff of FUTOThe shale dispersion test (rolling test) is a common procedure that is used to measure the interactions between drilling fluids and shales. The shale rolling test depends on the moisture content of the shale, the shale composition, the viscosity of the test fluid, the rotation speed of the rollers, and the test temperature. The rheological behavior of the test fluid has the strongest influence on test results. The data was generated experimentally, shale samples from Agbada an formation Niger-Delta was used. These shale samples were cored at a depth of 2000ft and 3400ft. Water based mud that will minimize shale dispersion and swelling of shale was formulated. The dispersion test was conducted, and it involves exposing a weighted quantity of sized shale to the formulated mud in roller-oven. This test is used to design fluids and screen the effectiveness of inhibitor additives to maintain the integrity of the cuttings and minimize the interaction of fluids with the shale sections during the drilling and completion operations. The swelling test was conducted and the linear expansion adopted because it is the most representative of the increase seen by the wellbore but was measured in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane as this is the direction of swelling into the wellbore