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Effect of intake works corrosion on surface water quality and use of cathodic protection as a remedial measure
Get PDFThis thesis is for the award of Master of Engineering (M.Eng) in Water Resource EngineeringThis research thesis on “Effect of Intake Water Corrosion on Surface Water Quality and Use of Cathodic Protection as a Remedial Measure” was aimed at studying the effect of intake works corrosion on surface water quality and how cathodic protection can be used to fix the problem while leaving the quality of the water at the intake point better. Primary and secondary data were collected for studies. Analysis of water sample collected at the intake point was carried out in the laboratory. Water quality parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS) pH value, Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), Iron, Zinc, Aluminum, Flouride concentrations in mg/l, total hardness and calcium hardness were determined in the laboratory analysis. A corrosion rate of iron bars immersed in water for 7days, 14days to 49th day were determined. A simple mathematical linear relationship connecting the corrosion rate and total dissolved solids was established. It showed a simple linear regression equation that can be used to predict total dissolved solid whenever the iron concentration of the water sample is known. The result of the research showed that when the intake work members are made the cathode with the intake water serving as an electrolyte while a sacrificial anode is used to close the circuit, a simple electrolytic cell will be set-up, this will have the intake works members gain weight in the process thereby becoming cathodically protected and the water finally at the intake point becoming purer and clearer
Hypertensive disorders of pregnacy among pregnant women with malaria attending antenantal clinic at Abia State University Teaching hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, Abia State
Get PDFThis thesis is for the award of Master of Public Health (MPH) in Epidemiology and Disease ControlThis study on the Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among pregnant women attending Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba (ABSUTH) was carried out between March and April, 2018. The general aim of the study was to determine the influence of malaria on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at ABSUTH, Aba. The study design used in this research was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. This study design involved analyzing data from a population at one specific time. A total of sixty(60)pregnant women was drawn from a total population of seventy-one (71) pregnant women using the Taro Yammane sample size formula. The respondents were first tested for malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and those who tested positive for malaria were included in the daily study population and were given identification numbers to avoid counting an individual twice. The Taro Yammane sample size formula was applied to get the sample size for each day. Random sampling technique (Balloting) was used in selecting participants for the study after determining the study population for each day. A structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used to determine the socio-obstetric characteristics of the pregnant women, malaria parasite density was determined by microscopy, blood pressure of the women was determined using a Mercury sphygmo- manometer and urinalysis was carried out using Macherey-Nagel medi test combi-9 test strips. The data on socio-obstetric history of the pregnant women focused on three variables; maternal age, parity, and trimester. There was a significant relationship between HDPs and malaria parasite density among the pregnant women (X2 =10.40, P-Value = 0.034, df = 4). The result on the influence of maternal age on HDPs among the pregnant women with malaria showed a significant influence. Age ≤18 (X2 = 4.788, P-Value=0.309) and also among pregnant women between 26-44 years (X2 = 8.607, P-Value =0.071), on the contrary, there was no significant influence of maternal age on HDPs among pregnant
women with malaria, aged 19-25 years (X2 = 0.617, P-Value = 0.962) and among ≥45 year old pregnant women (X2 = 0.000, P-Value = 1.000). The result on the influence of trimester on HDPs among the women with malaria showed a significant influence across the three trimesters(X2 = 11.00, P-Value = 0.022, df =4). Also, the results showed a significant influence of parity on HDPs among the women (X2 =3.81, P-Value = 0.432, df = 4). The study has shown that malaria affects the blood pressure of pregnant women which might cause hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. It is therefore, necessary that pregnant women be enlightened on the importance of early ante-natal visits and the need for pregnant women to protect themselves against malaria
Analysis of the influence of economic growth on trend of sea piracy and armed robbery attacks in Nigeria
Get PDFA Master's thesis on influence of economic growth on trend of sea piracy and armed robbery attacksThe study analyzed the influence of economic growth on trend of sea piracy and armed robbery attacks against ships in the Nigeria territorial waters. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), revenue generated by the maritime transport sub-sector, and youth unemployment rate on trend of pirate attacks against ships trading in Nigeria waters. The expost facto research design was employed in which the historical data on GDP, revenue generated by the maritime transport sub-sector, youth unemployment rate and pirate attacks against ships were obtained from secondary sources. Log linear multiple regression analysis and trend analysis methods were employed to analyze the data obtained. It was found that the model showing the relationship depicting the influence of GDP growth, growth in revenue generated by the maritime transport sub-sector and unemployment rate on pirate attacks against ships in the waters of Nigeria is: InPIRATE attacks = 2.760 - 1.160InGDP - 0.05InMAREV + 0.258InUNRATE. The implication is that a unit annual increase in GDP (economic growth) causes the pirate attacks against ships to decrease by 3.81units while a unit increase in revenue generated by the maritime transport sub-sector induces a 0.007 unit decrease sea pirate attacks against ships in Nigeria. A unit increase in youth unemployment rate increases pirate attacks against ships in the Nigeria waters by 0.158units. The trend of pirate attacks against ships in Nigeria waters over the period relative to the trends of GDP, revenue generated by the maritime transport sector and youth unemployment is: PIRATE attacks = 23.386 - 0.105Xt + Ɛ. It was recommended that economic growth should be translated into opportunities for economic empowerment of youth in other to bring about a significant decrease in pirate attacks against ships in Nigeria
Constituent budget and pollution models of Njaba River and its sediments, SouthEastern Nigeria
No full textThe thesis is for the award of the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Environmental GeologyThe physical, microbial, and geochemical properties of the Njaba River and its sediments were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), digital meters, and Total Plate Counts. A total of ten (10) surface water samples, five (5) soil samples, and five (5) sediment samples were obtained at five gauge stations (S1 to S5) designated at equal intervals of 2 km along the stretch of the river. The results of the water showed a slightly acidic to alkaline composition (6.44-6.77). This trend was also noticed in the soil samples within the river basin (6.24- 6.64) while the river sediment samples revealed pH values ranging between 6.30-6.52. The Odour of the water was unobjectionable while the appearance was slightly brownish. The presence of heavy metals such as Fe, Al, Si, and Zn was within the acceptable limits. On the other hand, the concentration of Hg which ranged between 0.001-0.071 mg/l and Pb with values between 0.060-0.23 mg/l were above acceptable limits of the FME Standard at most of the stations. The microbial assay of the water, soil, and sediments revealed the presence of organisms such as Ecoli bacteria, pseudomonas, fecal coliform, and fungi. The constituent budget of the Njaba River analyzed at Okwudor and Oguta over a period of eight years (2011 – 2019) and seven years (2012 – 2019) respectively revealed an increasing loading rate of the following constituents( Ca2+ 0.013, Mg2+ 0.70, Na+0.013, K+1.68, SO2-4 0.29, NO 3 0.15, Cl- 2.97, and PO-34 0.063 ) within the Njaba River with a decline in the concentration of HCO 3 (-0.63) at Okwudor and a decline of NO 3 (-0.03) at Oguta Lake. Pollution and ecological assessment models like Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index, Enrichment Factor, and Geoaccumulation Index(Igeo) were used to infer contamination levels of heavy metals in the soil and stream sediments. The CF results revealed Hg (0.46), Pb(2.35E-4 to 0.02), Al(ND), Zn (5.71E-4 to 1.2E-3)which shows low contamination factor in soil, the same trend was also found in the sediments with Hg (0.277), Pb (2.63E-6), Al (ND), Zn (3.64E-4 to 8.14E-4) and Fe(2.10E-6 to 2.63E-6) while the water samples have very high contamination factor for Pb (6.0 to 23), Hg revealed moderately contamination to very high contamination (0.1 to 7.1), Al (ND), Zn (0.192 to 0.403) and Fe (0.1 to 0.93). The I-geo revealed uncontaminated to moderately contaminated in the soil and stream sediment samples with Hg (0.28),>Pb( 1.57E-4 to 0.01),>Zn( 3.83E-4 to 8.04E-4), and Al(ND) for the soil samples while the stream sediments were in order of Hg (0.277),>Pb (1.15E-3 to 1.27E-3),>Zn (3.64E-4 to 8.14E-4) and Al (ND). The EF revealed low to minimal enrichment for the soil and stream sediment samples with Hg (0), Pb (0.303 to 1.000), Si ( 1.000 to 1.053), Zn (0.491 to 1.000) and Al (0) in soil and Hg (0), Pb (0.907 to 1.000), Si (1.000 to 1.282), Zn (0.051 to 0.114), Fe (0.800 to 1.000) and AL (ND) for stream sediments. The river water is however suitable for agricultural purposes based on the calculated SAR values with the dominant hydrogeochemical facies given as Na+K+Cl water type. In conclusion, there is a need for necessary treatment procedures which should be applied to raise the quality of the river water to the FME standards for safe drinking water for example the pH can be corrected (raised) using sodium bicarbonate (soda ash). The heavy metals can be treated using ascorbic or ion exchange methods while the microbial assay can be improved upon subjection to treatment using chlorine
Determination of some algebraic properties of basarab loops
Get PDFA Doctor of Philosophy on algebraic properties of basarab loopsBasarab loops are non-associative generalizations of groups and are classified as loops of non Bol-Moufang type. They are G-loops with deep algebraic and structural properties. Not much were known about the form of isotopes, holomorphs, associators, center, and subloops of Basarab loops. This work was to determine some algebraic properties of Basarab loops. The objectives of the study were to construct a Basarab loop, investigate the relationship between Basarab loop and other loops like conjugacy closed loop, abelian inner mapping loop, and Osborn loop, examine the isotopes of a Basarab loop, investigate the holomorphs and associators of a Basarab loop, and characterize some subloops of a Basarab loop. Basarab loop identities were considered and some algebraic properties of loops were investigated. Loop notions such as the use of parentheses, multiplication group, isotopy theory, and holomorphy theory, total multiplication group were examined on a Basarab loop through the governing laws of Basarab loop. Some constructions of Basarab loops were given and some algebraic properties of Basarab loops were determined. The results obtained have shown that the centrum of a Basarab loop is a subloop and it is equal to the center of a Basarab loop, and that a Basarab loop with the left (right) inverse property, or inverse property is an extra loop. Necessary and sufficient conditions for isotopes and principal isotopes of a Basarab loop were determined. It was proved that every principal isotope of a Basarab loop is a Basarab loop. It was proved that any Osborn loop is a Basarab loop if and only if it is a left (right) Basarab loop. Also, the holo morphs of a Basarab loop were investigated by considering a group A(Q) of automorphisms of a loop. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for an A(Q)-holomorph of a loop (Q, ·) to be left (right) Basarab loop, and Basarab loop were established. Some left (right) translation mapping of the holomorph of a left (right) Basarab loop was shown to be left (right) regular. It was shown that an A(Q)-holomorph of a loop (Q, ·) which satisfies the inverse property is a Basarab loop if and only if (Q, ·) is a Basarab loop and every automorphism of Q is nuclear.Some subloops of a Basarab loop which are characterized by permutations were obtained. It was proved that a Basarab loop is a centrum-abelian inner mapping loop. Relationship betweenassociators and inner mappings of a Basarab loop was defined. It was shown that the associator of any three elements of a Basarab loop is contained in the center and centrum of a Basarabloop. This study has presented additional properties of Basarab loops which are now available for applications. Therefore, it is recommended that researchers and cryptographers should usethe properties of Basarab loops determined by this study for further research and applications
Quality evaluation of fermented cow milk ( Nunu) consumed in some metrpolises in Southern Nigeria
No full textA Master's thesis on "fermented cow milk ( Nunu)"The study was carried out to evaluate the quality of Nunu (fermented raw milk) taken at different sampling locations from Owerri, Obinze, Elele, Asaba and Enugu. The mean total bacterial count from these five locations were 9.55log10cfu/ml, 9.67log10cfu/ml, 9.58log10cfu/ml, 9.57log10cfu/ml, and 9.542log10cfu/ml respectively, which showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the different locations. The mean values were significantly higher (p0.05) between the different locations, with least mean value 3.49log10cfu/ml from Owerri and Enugu. The mean total Salmonella count also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) with mean least value of 1.28log10cfu/ml, and highest of 1.8695log10fu/ml, from Asaba and Enugu locations respectively. There was significant difference (p0.05) between the different locations, with means being above standard. The isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus sp, Salmonella spp, Bacillus spp, Klebsiella spp, Campylobacter spp, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp and Shigella spp. The biochemical test used to determine the milk quality such as Methylene blue and Resazurin test suggested high microbial contamination of the Nunu samples. Other biochemical tests such as alcohol test, Titrable acidity and Alkaline phosphatase activity were recorded high and was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the standard by Thai Agricultural Standard. The Temperature of the samples indicated good condition for bacterial growth as it ranged from 27.470C to 27.790C. The pH indicated an acidic condition (4.69 – 5.23) which must have been caused by lactic acid producing bacteria. This study revealed that Nunu samples analysed contained heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and zinc but within permissible level. The nutritional composition showed that the values for protein, fat, and carbohydrate were within permissible level. This study concluded that the quality of Nunu produced and marketed in these five cities in southern Nigeria was poor, and consumers may be at risk of contracting milk-borne infections from continuous consumption of Nunu from these locations as at the time of this study. It is recommended that public health officers and all stakeholders in the food and health industry should play their roles in order to ensure safe quality Nunu production
Investigation of local barites in drilling mugs formulation at HTHP conditions
Get PDFThe master's thesis contains tables and figuresIn order to counter-balance the formation pressure, the drilling mud is weighted up using a chemical additive, usually Barite. The usability of locally sourced Nigerian Barites on the major types of drilling fluids in conventional and High-Pressure-High-Temperature conditions is presented. Water-Based mud, Oil-Based mud and Synthetic oil-Based mud formulations
with locally sourced Barite were tested according to the ‘API RP 13B’. Hole cleaning capabilities of the formulations by the use of Cutting Carrying Index and Cutting Concentration
as indicators show that Osina, Gabu and Obubra Nigerian Barites with SG’s ranging from 4.0 to 4.6 are suitable for use as drilling fluid additives; with Cutting Carrying Index in the range of 23.27 to 120.54 for Water-Based mud, 0.89 to 3.98 for Oil-Based mud and 0.45 to 1.13 for Synthetic-Based mud, and Cutting Concentration of average of 4.15 vol. % at 355gpm and 300ft/hr ROP for Water-Based mud, Oil-Based mud and Synthetic-Based mud, with MAXROP of 364ft/hr under the same conditions. Moreso, laminar flow regime in the annulus is predicted for all the mud types under the same conditions and temperatures specified. CCI for water based mud decreased from ambient, 120oF, 180oF to 240oF, compared with API mud used as control sample. Oil extracted from Irvingia Gabonensis used to formulate the Synthetic-Based mud exhibited understandable physical properties such as SG of 0.836 at 60oC and a flash point of >300oC, and could serve as replacement for diesel used as base fluid in Oil-Based muds since it is also biodegradable, though the Synthetic-Based mud exhibited unfavourable characteristics in terms of low CCI value(s) and higher filter cake thickness. All the muds displayed flat or non-progressive gel; gel strengths that break with minimal initiation pressure. Locally sourced Nigerian barites have been shown to exhibit favourable properties in the mud formulations both in conventional and High-Pressure-High-Temperature drilling conditions
Molecular characterization of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the isolates
Get PDFThe thesis is for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Medical MicrobiologyStaphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen that causes different community and hospital-acquired infections. S. aureus resistant to methicillin has become a big and expanding problem of concern in many developing countries. This study examined the molecular characterization and the effect of plant extracts on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from clinical specimens in Abia State, Nigeria using standard recommended procedures. Conventional cultural, morphological and biochemical methods were used to identify the isolates, while the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected phenotypically using cefoxitin 30µg disc and oxacillin 1µg disc. Inducible clindamycin resistance was evaluated by the D-test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genes for methicillin resistance (mecA), clindamycin resistance (ermB), beta-lactamase production (blaZ), Panton Valentine leukocidin (pvl) with 16SrRNA gene being the internal control. Sequencing was carried out on the amplified isolates. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was implemented on the mecA strains isolated using three randomly selected oligonucleotide primers. Plant antimicrobial assay was done using the agar well technique and phytochemicals detected in the two plants tested. A total of 750 clinical specimens of blood, urine samples, wound, ear, nasal, high vaginal, urethral and ear swabs were collected from three major health facilities located in the three senatorial zones of Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 265 (35.3%) S. aureus isolates were recovered, out of which 126(47.5%) were from males and 139(52.5%) were from females, however there was no association between the prevalence and gender (p-value = 0.05) and also prevalence and age (p-value = 0.52). Phenotypic detection of MRSA using cefoxitin disc diffusion gave an MRSA prevalence of 164(61.9%) with 65(39.6%) being from urine, 3(23.1%) from wound, 31(18.9%) from high vaginal swab, 22(13.4%) from urethral swab, 4(2.4%) from ear swab, 3(1.8%) from nasal swab and 1(0.6%) from blood samples. All (100%) of the MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, 120(73.2%) to clindamycin, 92 (56.1%) to gentamycin. All were resistant to ceftazidine, 157(95.7%) to cloxacillin, 146(89.0%) to augmentin, 136(82.9%) to ceftriaxone and 103(61.6%) to erythromycin. The MRSA strains showed much higher resistance rate than their methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) counterparts to all tested antibiotic except clindamycin. Exactly 64(39.0%) of the MRSA were resistant to 4 classes of antibiotics indicating multi drug resistance (MDR). The overall prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance among methicillin resistant isolates was 29(17.7%) while 66.5% xix produced beta-lactamase. Out of 40 cefoxitin positive isolates, 12 (30%) possessed mecA gene, 17.5% harboured the β-lactamase (blaZ) gene, 20% and 10% possessed the pvl gene. Dendogram analysis of RAPD-PCR amplification of mecA positive strains showed three different clones in circulation in the state. The plant extracts showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against the MRSA isolates. The growth of the microorganisms used for the test was inhibited by the ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia and Acalypha wilkesiana at concentrations of 50mg/ml to 200mg/ml. The inhibition zones ranged from 9.0mm to 21.0mm whereas the water extracts showed moderate activity against the isolates. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Alchornea cordifolia ranged from 12.5-50mg/ml and 25-100mg/ml for Acalypha wilkesiana. The results of the rates of kill revealed a gradual reduction in the total viable count of bacteria from 1hr to 24hrs in all the test isolates. The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, resins and carbohydrates but in variable degrees. The percentage yields of phytochemical content of the leaves of the Alchornea cordifolia plants were as follows: alkaloids (1.85%), flavonoids (1.08%), Glycosides (1.05%), saponins (4.13%), and tannins (0.70%). The use of phenotypic and molecular methods in this study provided useful information on antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens in Abia State of Nigeria. The information provided could help in monitoring the evolution of S. aureus strains in Nigeria over time
Management systems for sustainble productivity of plantain ratoon crops intercropping systems in the tropical ultisol of Imo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis thesis is for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) in Crop Science and TechnologyTwo field experiments were conducted at Umuagwo, Imo State in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to investigate management systems for sustainable productivity of plantain ratoon crops intercropping systems in the tropical ultisol of Imo State, Nigeria. Experiment one was the evaluation of the effect of four organic manure sources on the growth and yield of plantain ratoon crops under different cassava densities and to evaluate weed suppressibility at varying population of plantain ratoon crops / cassava mixture. Experiment two was the evaluation of the residual effects of the organic manure sources and ash on the plantain ratoon/ cassava mixture. The organic manure sources were zero, poultry manure at 10 tons/ha, pig dung at 10 tons/ha and cow dung at 10 tons/ha. The ash was a blanket application each applied at 5 tons/ha as organic amendment. The cassava densities were 100.0 x 50.0 cm (20,000 plants/ha), 100 x 100.0 cm (10,0000 plants/ha) at 100.0 x 200.0 cm (5,000 plants/ha). Experiment one and two were all 3 x 4 factorial experiments arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 12 treatments replicated three times. Plant height (cm), number of functional leaves, stem girth (cm), leaf area (cm2), days to 50 % flowering (months), number of hands/bunch, number of suckers/plant, bunch weight (tons/ha), cassava plant height (cm), number of branches, plant canopy cover(m2), stem yield (bundles/100 stems), weed dry weight (kg/ha), cassava tuber weight (tons/ha) were the evaluated parameters. The result from experiment one showed that organic manure sources had significant effect on the growth and yield of plantain ratoon crops /cassava mixture. Poultry manure at 10 tons/ha performed significantly better in both growth and yield parameters and suppressed weeds when compared with pig dung at 10 tons/ha and cow dung at 10 tons/ha. Experiment two showed that poultry manure at 10 tons/ha + ash at 5 tons/ha performed significantly better in both growth and yield parameters and when compared with pig dung at 10 tons/ha + ash at 5 tons/ha and cow dung at 10 tons/ha + ash at 5 tons/ha. Cassava densities produced significant (P>0.05) increase in both growth and yield parameters assessed in the order of 100.0 x 100.0 cm (10,000 plants/ha) > 100.0 x 50.0 cm (20,000 plants/ha) > 100.0 x 200.0 cm (5,000 plants/ha). Poultry manure at 10 tons/ha, + ash at 5 tons/ha + 100.0 x 100.0 cm (10,000 plants/ha) cassava densities were more associated with bunch weight and tuber weight of cassava with 9.47 tons/ha for plantain and 10.52 tons/ha and 18.92 tons/ha and 19.98 tons/ha for cassava root yield both in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons and in other yield components and may serve as a yardstick for selection of organic manure source, ash and densities. The physical and chemical analysis of the soil in both cropping seasons had that the nutrients persisted in the soil indicating that poultry manure, ash with 10,000 plants/ha cassava density had the best result in 2014 cropping seasons. For maximum production of plantain ratoon crops / cassava mixture, poultry manure at10 tons/ha + ash at 5 tons/ha with cassava density 100.0 x 100.0 cm (10,000 plants/ha) should be adopted
Pipeline Monitoring and Sensor Energy Analysis in Concessional Fog Wide Area Networks (CF-WAN)
No full textIn this paper, the application of concessional Fog
driven Wide Area Network (CF-WAN) with low powered edge
sensor nodes is deployed in Pipeline flow monitoring (PFM)
design. Energy demand assumption in Fog-WAN is used reduce
cost savings in battery powered nodes. CF-WAN using Internet of
things (IoT) energy integration is a novel contribution introduced.
Mathematical characterization for various differential
requirements in flow movements are discussed. Structural
monitoring hierarchy (SMH) is formulated to meet the diverse
service delivery concerns in Cloud queried pipeline-networks.
Design considerations such as pipeline energy models, fluid
pressures losses, fluid flow and location modelling are presented.
Fog-WAN battery model for sustainable transceiver energy
consumption model is investigated in the context of node
deployment architecture. Energy consumption map of the
transceiver edge-Fog WSN node battery model is developed.
Metrics such as depth of charge (DoC), battery's state of charge
(SoC), load current, load voltage, among others are analyzed.
Validation use case simulation for characterized pipeline designs,
flow equations, and pipeline detection parameters (event location)
are presented. The results shows satisfactory proof of concept as
well as reliable energy dissipation pattern for the pipeline traffic
upload into the Cloud analytics dashboard