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De la personalidad docente a la metodología de investigación: historizando la formación del profesorado basada en la investigación en Finlandia
No full textResumen
Este artículo reexamina una premisa que se sostiene comúnmente en
relación con el efecto de la formación, científica y basada en la investigación, del
profesorado en Finlandia, la cual emergió en la década de 1970. La premisa es que
este nuevo tipo de formación produce un profesorado que es dirigido o disciplina-
do a través de la ciencia. En el centro se encuentra la manera en que construcciones
históricamente específicas de «ciencia» alimentan las formas en las que el profesora-
do es concebido, fabricado y gobernado. En un esfuerzo por desestabilizar lo obvio
de la «investigación» en la formación del profesorado en Finlandia, se piensa con la
noción de alquimia elaborada por Popkewitz para analizar la racionalidad a través
de la que se trabaja el ser docente. El análisis saca a relucir y explora detenidamente
una conexión no reconocida previamente entre los tópicos de la «personalidad do-
cente» y de la «ciencia-investigación», remitiendo a que la forma especulativo-vo-
cacional no tiene por qué haber sido desplazada ni reemplazada necesariamente por
la «nueva» forma científico-profesional de formar al profesorado.Abstract
This article re-examines a commonly held assumption about the ef-fect of Finnish scientific, research-based teacher education, which emerged in the 1970s; the assumption being that this newer mode of training produces teachers who are directed and/or disciplined through science. At issue is how historically specific constructions of «science» feed into the ways in which the teacher is en-visioned, fabricated and governed. In an effort to destabilize the self-evidence of «research» in the present of teacher education in Finland, Popkewitz’s notion of alchemy is thought with in order to consider the rationality through which the teacher’s self is worked on. The analysis brings into view and scrutinizes a previ-ously unrecognized connection between the motifs of «teacher personality» and «science-research», arguing that the speculative-vocational mode may not neces-sarily have been displaced and replaced by the «new» scientific-professional mode of teacher training.Resumen
Este artículo reexamina una premisa que se sostiene comúnmente en
relación con el efecto de la formación, científica y basada en la investigación, del
profesorado en Finlandia, la cual emergió en la década de 1970. La premisa es que
este nuevo tipo de formación produce un profesorado que es dirigido o disciplina-
do a través de la ciencia. En el centro se encuentra la manera en que construcciones
históricamente específicas de «ciencia» alimentan las formas en las que el profesora-
do es concebido, fabricado y gobernado. En un esfuerzo por desestabilizar lo obvio
de la «investigación» en la formación del profesorado en Finlandia, se piensa con la
noción de alquimia elaborada por Popkewitz para analizar la racionalidad a través
de la que se trabaja el ser docente. El análisis saca a relucir y explora detenidamente
una conexión no reconocida previamente entre los tópicos de la «personalidad do-
cente» y de la «ciencia-investigación», remitiendo a que la forma especulativo-vo-
cacional no tiene por qué haber sido desplazada ni reemplazada necesariamente por
la «nueva» forma científico-profesional de formar al profesorado.Abstract
This article re-examines a commonly held assumption about the ef-fect of Finnish scientific, research-based teacher education, which emerged in the 1970s; the assumption being that this newer mode of training produces teachers who are directed and/or disciplined through science. At issue is how historically specific constructions of «science» feed into the ways in which the teacher is en-visioned, fabricated and governed. In an effort to destabilize the self-evidence of «research» in the present of teacher education in Finland, Popkewitz’s notion of alchemy is thought with in order to consider the rationality through which the teacher’s self is worked on. The analysis brings into view and scrutinizes a previ-ously unrecognized connection between the motifs of «teacher personality» and «science-research», arguing that the speculative-vocational mode may not neces-sarily have been displaced and replaced by the «new» scientific-professional mode of teacher training
Bio-Compositional and Microstructural Changes in Rabbit Knee Collateral Ligaments Eight Weeks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection
No full textAbstract
Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common in young, active individuals. It has the potential to lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. However, the effects of ACL injury on the bio-composition and microstructure of the knee's collateral ligaments have been poorly explored. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging and quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) were used to identify the respective changes in bio-composition and collagen fiber arrangements of the knee's collateral ligaments. To mimic an ACL trauma, unilateral ACL transection surgery was performed on either the left or right knee of 6 mature New Zealand white rabbits. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments were harvested from the transected and contralateral knees 8 weeks after the ACL transection surgery. At the same time, collateral ligaments of 4 age-matched, healthy rabbits were collected from the right and left knees. From acquired FTIR images, the relative collagen and proteoglycan contents of the collateral ligaments were estimated and compared between the transected, contralateral, and control knees. The results revealed lower collagen and higher proteoglycan content in ACL-transected collateral ligaments compared to collateral ligaments of contralateral and control group knees. Additionally, qPLM revealed a more disorganized collagen fiber matrix, accompanied by increased crimp angles and longer crimp lengths following ACL transection. This study provides novel insight into the bio-compositional and microstructural alterations of collateral ligaments following ACL injury, highlighting the importance of considering the structure-function properties of collateral ligaments in treatment planning aimed at restoring normal knee joint function after ACL injury.Abstract
Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common in young, active individuals. It has the potential to lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. However, the effects of ACL injury on the bio-composition and microstructure of the knee's collateral ligaments have been poorly explored. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging and quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) were used to identify the respective changes in bio-composition and collagen fiber arrangements of the knee's collateral ligaments. To mimic an ACL trauma, unilateral ACL transection surgery was performed on either the left or right knee of 6 mature New Zealand white rabbits. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments were harvested from the transected and contralateral knees 8 weeks after the ACL transection surgery. At the same time, collateral ligaments of 4 age-matched, healthy rabbits were collected from the right and left knees. From acquired FTIR images, the relative collagen and proteoglycan contents of the collateral ligaments were estimated and compared between the transected, contralateral, and control knees. The results revealed lower collagen and higher proteoglycan content in ACL-transected collateral ligaments compared to collateral ligaments of contralateral and control group knees. Additionally, qPLM revealed a more disorganized collagen fiber matrix, accompanied by increased crimp angles and longer crimp lengths following ACL transection. This study provides novel insight into the bio-compositional and microstructural alterations of collateral ligaments following ACL injury, highlighting the importance of considering the structure-function properties of collateral ligaments in treatment planning aimed at restoring normal knee joint function after ACL injury
Associations of Domain‐Specific Physical Activity With Mental Health Symptoms Among Finnish Employed Adults: A Population‐Based Study
No full textAbstract
Leisure-time physical activity has consistently been associated with better mental health. However, evidence on active commuting and occupational physical activity is less conclusive. We examined cross-sectional associations of domain-specific physical activity with depressive symptoms and psychological distress among Finnish employed adults. We included 3439 adults (mean age 45.0 years; 51% female) from the FinHealth 2017 Study. Based on commuting, occupational and leisure-time physical activity behaviour, participants were categorised as passive or active commuters; sedentary, lightly active or moderately/highly active workers; and sedentary, recreationally active or exercisers/athletes, respectively. Daily active commuting volumes were also assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, with models adjusted for key covariates. High volumes of active commuting (≥ 30 min a day) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.18–2.13), whereas no associations were observed for lower active commuting volumes or when active commuting was analysed as a binary variable. Regarding occupational physical activity, lightly active workers were less likely to experience psychological distress (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97) compared to sedentary workers, whereas no associations were observed for moderately or highly active workers. Regarding leisure-time physical activity, exercisers and athletes had lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.61) and psychological distress (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.55) compared to sedentary individuals, as did recreationally active adults. Leisure-time and light occupational physical activity, but not active commuting, were associated with fewer mental health symptoms. Potential mental health benefits of physical activity may be domain- and volume-specific.Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity has consistently been associated with better mental health. However, evidence on active commuting and occupational physical activity is less conclusive. We examined cross-sectional associations of domain-specific physical activity with depressive symptoms and psychological distress among Finnish employed adults. We included 3439 adults (mean age 45.0 years; 51% female) from the FinHealth 2017 Study. Based on commuting, occupational and leisure-time physical activity behaviour, participants were categorised as passive or active commuters; sedentary, lightly active or moderately/highly active workers; and sedentary, recreationally active or exercisers/athletes, respectively. Daily active commuting volumes were also assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, with models adjusted for key covariates. High volumes of active commuting (≥ 30 min a day) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.18–2.13), whereas no associations were observed for lower active commuting volumes or when active commuting was analysed as a binary variable. Regarding occupational physical activity, lightly active workers were less likely to experience psychological distress (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97) compared to sedentary workers, whereas no associations were observed for moderately or highly active workers. Regarding leisure-time physical activity, exercisers and athletes had lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.61) and psychological distress (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.55) compared to sedentary individuals, as did recreationally active adults. Leisure-time and light occupational physical activity, but not active commuting, were associated with fewer mental health symptoms. Potential mental health benefits of physical activity may be domain- and volume-specific
Effect of landscape composition on catchment flow components across Germany using machine learning
No full textAbstract
Study region:
The study was conducted on the basis of spatial information from 30 river catchments in Germany.
Study focus:
The tank model, as one of the conceptual rainfall-runoff models, has been widely used to understand the dynamics of rainfall-runoff interactions for hydrological modelling. Determining the influence of spatial catchment variables on the variability of model parameters is a significant challenge in hydrological modelling. This study compares three machine learning algorithms, including Boosted Regression Trees, Support Vector Machines, and Random Forests, to analyze the effect of catchment variables on the parameters of the tank models. The study was conducted based on spatial information using land use/land cover, soil related characteristics, and catchment characteristics.
New hydrological insights for the region:
The results showed that soil related-variables, especially texture (0.01–14.7 %) and moisture content (0.05–19.44 %) at different soil depths, mainly controls the hydrological responses and largely improve the accuracy of predictions. Soil organic carbon (0.05–8.86 %) was important in defining the retention capacity of water and soil permeability and, hence, infiltration and runoff behavior. Land use/Land cover types, especially mixed forests (0.22–27.35 %) and transitional woodland-shrub (0.84–33.92 %), considerably affected subsurface flow and water storage levels, showing the importance of vegetation in controlling water flow and storage. Moreover, results indicated that the RF model proved the most reliable and robust method, providing higher accuracy (0.86 ≥ r2 ≤ 0.95), generalization, and the ability to capture complicated nonlinear relationships in data comparing to Boosted Regression Trees (0.59 ≥ r2 ≤0.99), Support Vector Machines (0.33 ≥ r2 ≤ 0.91).Abstract
Study region:
The study was conducted on the basis of spatial information from 30 river catchments in Germany.
Study focus:
The tank model, as one of the conceptual rainfall-runoff models, has been widely used to understand the dynamics of rainfall-runoff interactions for hydrological modelling. Determining the influence of spatial catchment variables on the variability of model parameters is a significant challenge in hydrological modelling. This study compares three machine learning algorithms, including Boosted Regression Trees, Support Vector Machines, and Random Forests, to analyze the effect of catchment variables on the parameters of the tank models. The study was conducted based on spatial information using land use/land cover, soil related characteristics, and catchment characteristics.
New hydrological insights for the region:
The results showed that soil related-variables, especially texture (0.01–14.7 %) and moisture content (0.05–19.44 %) at different soil depths, mainly controls the hydrological responses and largely improve the accuracy of predictions. Soil organic carbon (0.05–8.86 %) was important in defining the retention capacity of water and soil permeability and, hence, infiltration and runoff behavior. Land use/Land cover types, especially mixed forests (0.22–27.35 %) and transitional woodland-shrub (0.84–33.92 %), considerably affected subsurface flow and water storage levels, showing the importance of vegetation in controlling water flow and storage. Moreover, results indicated that the RF model proved the most reliable and robust method, providing higher accuracy (0.86 ≥ r2 ≤ 0.95), generalization, and the ability to capture complicated nonlinear relationships in data comparing to Boosted Regression Trees (0.59 ≥ r2 ≤0.99), Support Vector Machines (0.33 ≥ r2 ≤ 0.91)
Educational and regional differences in population-based incidence and survival of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Finland
No full textAbstract
Background:
This is the first nationwide population-based study to assess educational and regional differences in the incidence and survival of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland.
Methods:
Data were extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry based on the histological diagnosis and tumor location for cases of large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) between 2007 and 2022. Data were divided into five healthcare regions of the Finnish healthcare system, which included 623 PCNSL patients (48% female), 27% of whom had higher education, 34% had secondary education, and 39% had primary or unknown education. The incidence rates of PCNSL and LBCL were calculated and the proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence was estimated. The age-standardized relative survival rates were calculated within subgroups defined by educational level and healthcare region.
Results:
The annual proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence remained stable at 6.5% between periods 2007–2014 and 2015–2022 in Finland (p = 0.324). The age-adjusted incidence rate standardized by the World Health Organization World Standard Population (WHO WSP 2000–2025) was 0.54/100,000 person-years. The incidence rates did not differ between healthcare regions (p = 0.097) or between groups defined by educational level (p = 0.725). From 2007 to 2022, the 2-year and 5-year age-adjusted relative survival rates were 38% and 30%, respectively. In between healthcare regions, the 2-year age-adjusted relative survival rate varied between 25% and 56%, and the 5-year age-adjusted relative survival rate between 16% and 45% (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference in survival rates was observed according to the educational level (p = 0.282).
Conclusions:
The incidence of PCNSL in Finland remains one of the highest observed in population-based studies. However, the proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence remained stable between periods 2007–2014 and 2015–2022. The incidence rates did not differ between educational levels or healthcare regions. A minor trend towards improved survival was observed among those with a higher educational level. Remarkable differences were observed in survival after diagnosis of PCNSL according to patients’ healthcare regions.Abstract
Background:
This is the first nationwide population-based study to assess educational and regional differences in the incidence and survival of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland.
Methods:
Data were extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry based on the histological diagnosis and tumor location for cases of large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) between 2007 and 2022. Data were divided into five healthcare regions of the Finnish healthcare system, which included 623 PCNSL patients (48% female), 27% of whom had higher education, 34% had secondary education, and 39% had primary or unknown education. The incidence rates of PCNSL and LBCL were calculated and the proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence was estimated. The age-standardized relative survival rates were calculated within subgroups defined by educational level and healthcare region.
Results:
The annual proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence remained stable at 6.5% between periods 2007–2014 and 2015–2022 in Finland (p = 0.324). The age-adjusted incidence rate standardized by the World Health Organization World Standard Population (WHO WSP 2000–2025) was 0.54/100,000 person-years. The incidence rates did not differ between healthcare regions (p = 0.097) or between groups defined by educational level (p = 0.725). From 2007 to 2022, the 2-year and 5-year age-adjusted relative survival rates were 38% and 30%, respectively. In between healthcare regions, the 2-year age-adjusted relative survival rate varied between 25% and 56%, and the 5-year age-adjusted relative survival rate between 16% and 45% (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference in survival rates was observed according to the educational level (p = 0.282).
Conclusions:
The incidence of PCNSL in Finland remains one of the highest observed in population-based studies. However, the proportion of PCNSL incidence to LBCL incidence remained stable between periods 2007–2014 and 2015–2022. The incidence rates did not differ between educational levels or healthcare regions. A minor trend towards improved survival was observed among those with a higher educational level. Remarkable differences were observed in survival after diagnosis of PCNSL according to patients’ healthcare regions
Hiilivetyjä lyhytketjuisista karboksyylihapoista
No full textDue to environmental reasons, there is a growing need to replace petroleum-based hydrocarbons in plastic fabrication to reduce the dependency on fossil resources. Possible alternatives include short-chain fatty acids (i.e. carboxylic acids), which are found in small concentrations in fermentative effluents.
The aim of this master’s thesis was to identify possible methods to separate these acids and convert them to hydrocarbons, preferably alkenes. The work was conducted by literature review and thermodynamic calculations. The thermodynamic limitations of some potential reaction routes were examined using the Aspen Plus (V14) software.
It was found that the deoxygenation of acetic acid to ethylene is thermodynamically possible using CO as a reductant instead of H2. Acetic acid decomposition into synthesis gas is also possible. Finally, a novel process concept was developed, in which part of the acetic acid feed is decomposed, and CO is used as a reductant to convert the acid to acetaldehyde and subsequently to ethylene and ethane
Ultrasound-assisted extraction for maximizing total phenolics, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity in Thymus algeriensis: Box-Behnken experimental design
No full textAbstract
This study investigates the optimization of extraction parameters for antioxidant compounds in Thymus algeriensis, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic effects against respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory conditions. The plant was harvested periodically every five days in 2022, starting from the day of growth (April 1) until yellowing (August 18), with the flowering sample selected on May 30 for the optimization of extraction parameters for antioxidant compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to enhance the extraction efficiency of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), thereby improving antioxidant activity by controlling temperature, extraction time, and solvent volume as independent variables. To optimize the extraction parameters, the results were analyzed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal values obtained, corresponding to the best desirability of 0.919, were TPC = 2.961 g GAE/100 g, TFC = 0.887 g QE/100 g, IC50 (DPPH) = 0.016 mg/mL, and IC50 (FRAP) = 0.426 mg/mL, under the conditions of temperature = 60 °C, time = 36.74 min, and solvent volume = 32.825 mL. Finally, a one-way ANOVA test was conducted on the results for all samples, revealing that the optimal values for the four dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH•, and FRAP) were achieved in May during the flowering period.Abstract
This study investigates the optimization of extraction parameters for antioxidant compounds in Thymus algeriensis, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic effects against respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and inflammatory conditions. The plant was harvested periodically every five days in 2022, starting from the day of growth (April 1) until yellowing (August 18), with the flowering sample selected on May 30 for the optimization of extraction parameters for antioxidant compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to enhance the extraction efficiency of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), thereby improving antioxidant activity by controlling temperature, extraction time, and solvent volume as independent variables. To optimize the extraction parameters, the results were analyzed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal values obtained, corresponding to the best desirability of 0.919, were TPC = 2.961 g GAE/100 g, TFC = 0.887 g QE/100 g, IC50 (DPPH) = 0.016 mg/mL, and IC50 (FRAP) = 0.426 mg/mL, under the conditions of temperature = 60 °C, time = 36.74 min, and solvent volume = 32.825 mL. Finally, a one-way ANOVA test was conducted on the results for all samples, revealing that the optimal values for the four dependent variables (TPC, TFC, DPPH•, and FRAP) were achieved in May during the flowering period
Bone structure and body composition in adolescents with cow's milk allergy in infancy: a clinical cohort study
No full textAbstract
Objective:
We compared bone structure and body composition in adolescents with a challenge-confirmed cow’s milk allergy (CMA) during infancy to peers with refuted CMA and to controls.
Design:
An observational clinical cohort study.
Setting:
A tertiary allergy clinic at Helsinki University Hospital.
Patients:
From a randomised controlled trial from 1999 to 2001 evaluating the effect of probiotics on atopic eczema, we followed up participants (n=81) at 15–18 years’ age and recruited age-matched controls (n=49). Original study participants all had atopic eczema, and CMA confirmed (n=43) or refuted (n=38) by double-blind placebo-controlled cow’s milk challenge in infancy.
Main outcome measures:
The primary outcome was differences in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measured with peripheral quantitative CT. Secondary outcomes were differences in body composition by a bioelectric impedance analysis.
Results:
Participant’s median age was 17.3 years, 62% were females. After adjusting for sex, age-adjusted body mass index, past 5 years’ mean daily supervised physical activity, daily vitamin D intake from food and supplements and mean daily intake of dairy products, the CMA-confirmed group had, compared with the CMA-refuted group, lower median total vBMD at the distal radius (Z-scores −1.49 vs −0.78). The CMA-confirmed group had lower median total vBMD (Z-scores −0.05 vs +0.01) and lower median trabecular vBMD (Z-scores +0.20 vs +0.51) at the distal tibia compared with controls. No group differences in body composition were found.
Conclusion:
An early childhood history of CMA may be associated with lower adolescent radial and tibial vBMD. Further studies are needed to assess this potential association.Abstract
Objective:
We compared bone structure and body composition in adolescents with a challenge-confirmed cow’s milk allergy (CMA) during infancy to peers with refuted CMA and to controls.
Design:
An observational clinical cohort study.
Setting:
A tertiary allergy clinic at Helsinki University Hospital.
Patients:
From a randomised controlled trial from 1999 to 2001 evaluating the effect of probiotics on atopic eczema, we followed up participants (n=81) at 15–18 years’ age and recruited age-matched controls (n=49). Original study participants all had atopic eczema, and CMA confirmed (n=43) or refuted (n=38) by double-blind placebo-controlled cow’s milk challenge in infancy.
Main outcome measures:
The primary outcome was differences in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measured with peripheral quantitative CT. Secondary outcomes were differences in body composition by a bioelectric impedance analysis.
Results:
Participant’s median age was 17.3 years, 62% were females. After adjusting for sex, age-adjusted body mass index, past 5 years’ mean daily supervised physical activity, daily vitamin D intake from food and supplements and mean daily intake of dairy products, the CMA-confirmed group had, compared with the CMA-refuted group, lower median total vBMD at the distal radius (Z-scores −1.49 vs −0.78). The CMA-confirmed group had lower median total vBMD (Z-scores −0.05 vs +0.01) and lower median trabecular vBMD (Z-scores +0.20 vs +0.51) at the distal tibia compared with controls. No group differences in body composition were found.
Conclusion:
An early childhood history of CMA may be associated with lower adolescent radial and tibial vBMD. Further studies are needed to assess this potential association