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Erikoislääkärien pedagoginen osaaminen - lähikouluttajakoulutuksen toteutusmalli opetus- ja ohjausosaamisen vahvistamiseen
No full textLähiesihenkilöiden kokemuksia kognitiivisesta kuormituksesta ja sen hallinnasta ikäihmisten palveluissa - laadullinen tutkimus
No full textTiivistelmä
Tutkimuksen tarkoitus:
Kuvata lähiesihenkilöiden kokemuksia työn kognitiivisesta kuormituksesta ja sen hallinnasta ikäihmisten palveluissa.
Aineisto ja menetelmät:
Laadullinen aineisto kerättiin ikäihmisten palveluasumisen, tehostetun palveluasumisen, laitoshoidon ja kotihoidon lähiesihenkilöiltä (n=17) avointen kysymysten Webropol -kyselylomakkeella helmi-maaliskuussa 2023. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä.
Tulokset:
Lähiesihenkilöiden kokemukset kognitiivisen kuormituksen määrästä ja hallinnasta vaihtelivat, mutta useat kokivat sen olevan lähes jatkuvaa. Kognitiiviselle kuormitukselle tunnistettiin useita taustatekijöitä. Lähiesihenkilöiden kokemusten perusteella kognitiivinen kuormitus saattaa heikentää työhyvinvointia ja -kykyä. He nimesivät myös keinoja ja mahdollisuuksia, joilla työnantaja voisi vähentää kognitiivista kuormitusta.
Päätelmät:
Lähiesihenkilön työ on kognitiivisesti kuormittavaa ikäihmisten palveluissa. Lähiesihenkilötyön vetovoimaisuuden lisäämiseksi on tärkeää tunnistaa kognitiivisen kuormituksen aiheuttamat haitat ja kiinnittää huomiota niiden ennaltaehkäisyyn. Lähiesihenkilötyötä tekevät tarvitsevat tukea hallitakseen kognitiivista kuormitusta. Tarvitaan lisää tutkimusta siitä, miten lähiesihenkilöiden kognitiivista kuormitusta vähentäviä menetelmiä voitaisiin paremmin hyödyntää ikäihmisten palveluissa.Tiivistelmä
Tutkimuksen tarkoitus:
Kuvata lähiesihenkilöiden kokemuksia työn kognitiivisesta kuormituksesta ja sen hallinnasta ikäihmisten palveluissa.
Aineisto ja menetelmät:
Laadullinen aineisto kerättiin ikäihmisten palveluasumisen, tehostetun palveluasumisen, laitoshoidon ja kotihoidon lähiesihenkilöiltä (n=17) avointen kysymysten Webropol -kyselylomakkeella helmi-maaliskuussa 2023. Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä.
Tulokset:
Lähiesihenkilöiden kokemukset kognitiivisen kuormituksen määrästä ja hallinnasta vaihtelivat, mutta useat kokivat sen olevan lähes jatkuvaa. Kognitiiviselle kuormitukselle tunnistettiin useita taustatekijöitä. Lähiesihenkilöiden kokemusten perusteella kognitiivinen kuormitus saattaa heikentää työhyvinvointia ja -kykyä. He nimesivät myös keinoja ja mahdollisuuksia, joilla työnantaja voisi vähentää kognitiivista kuormitusta.
Päätelmät:
Lähiesihenkilön työ on kognitiivisesti kuormittavaa ikäihmisten palveluissa. Lähiesihenkilötyön vetovoimaisuuden lisäämiseksi on tärkeää tunnistaa kognitiivisen kuormituksen aiheuttamat haitat ja kiinnittää huomiota niiden ennaltaehkäisyyn. Lähiesihenkilötyötä tekevät tarvitsevat tukea hallitakseen kognitiivista kuormitusta. Tarvitaan lisää tutkimusta siitä, miten lähiesihenkilöiden kognitiivista kuormitusta vähentäviä menetelmiä voitaisiin paremmin hyödyntää ikäihmisten palveluissa
Analysis of the softening-melting mechanism of cold-bonded briquette from return sinter fines
No full textAbstract
The employment of cold-bonded briquetting technology in the ironmaking industry facilitates the recycling of iron-bearing raw materials and eliminates the energy consumption associated with re-sintering. In the present work, softening-melting-dripping experiments were used to investigate the softening-melting (S&M) behavior of the burden and its effect on the burden layer under various cold-bonded briquette of return sinter fines (CBBS) and sinter ratios, and the mechanisms of these phenomena were further analyzed. As the CBBS ratio increased from 0% to 100%, the S&M ranges of the burden transformed, while the location of the cohesive zone was insignificantly affected. The CBBS additions increased the concentration of the low-melting slag phase in the burden, and the residual slag after S&M experiments were mainly composed of calcium silicate, melilite, iron, and wüstite. The slag/iron fluidity increased with the ratio of CBBS in the melting stage, which was advantageous in increasing the reduction efficiency of the burden layer. However, an excessive ratio of CBBS (more than 25%) hindered the gas flow due to the low porosity of CBBS. The current work provides a solid theoretical foundation for the recycling of return sinter fines in blast furnaces (BF), and more effort is required for practical implementation.Abstract
The employment of cold-bonded briquetting technology in the ironmaking industry facilitates the recycling of iron-bearing raw materials and eliminates the energy consumption associated with re-sintering. In the present work, softening-melting-dripping experiments were used to investigate the softening-melting (S&M) behavior of the burden and its effect on the burden layer under various cold-bonded briquette of return sinter fines (CBBS) and sinter ratios, and the mechanisms of these phenomena were further analyzed. As the CBBS ratio increased from 0% to 100%, the S&M ranges of the burden transformed, while the location of the cohesive zone was insignificantly affected. The CBBS additions increased the concentration of the low-melting slag phase in the burden, and the residual slag after S&M experiments were mainly composed of calcium silicate, melilite, iron, and wüstite. The slag/iron fluidity increased with the ratio of CBBS in the melting stage, which was advantageous in increasing the reduction efficiency of the burden layer. However, an excessive ratio of CBBS (more than 25%) hindered the gas flow due to the low porosity of CBBS. The current work provides a solid theoretical foundation for the recycling of return sinter fines in blast furnaces (BF), and more effort is required for practical implementation
Social care, healthcare and rehabilitation professionals' views of evidence-based rehabilitation: a qualitative study
No full textAbstract
Background/Aims:
Rehabilitation is a complex multidisciplinary process with many moving parts; misunderstandings of the concept of evidence-based practice may contribute to professionals' perception that its use in rehabilitation is challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of evidence-based rehabilitation among professionals in the social care, healthcare and rehabilitation fields who were engaged in continued education.
Methods:
The study consisted of a sample of 22 social care, healthcare, and rehabilitation professionals who attended an online continued education module. The research data consisted of participants' submissions for an independent learning task relating to their perceptions and understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation. The submissions were provided in the form of audio files (MP4) that were uploaded to the online learning environment (Moodle). Data were analysed by inductive content analysis. The codes (n=468) were condensed into subcategories (n=71) and organised to preserve important details. Subcategories were grouped into categories (n=13) based on content similarities, which were then further grouped into three main categories during the final abstraction phase.
Results:
The participants' statements concerning their perceptions and understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation were grouped into three main categories: the client at the heart of evidence-based rehabilitation; evidence-based rehabilitation as a guideline for working as a social care, healthcare or rehabilitation professional; and evidence-based rehabilitation based on research and development of practices. Practitioners described their understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation from a variety of perspectives, including those of client work, professional competence, research and developmental work.
Conclusions:
This study provides a multidisciplinary and interprofessional approach to evidence-based rehabilitation and addresses the limited consideration of such perspectives in previous research.
Implications for practice:
Evidence-based rehabilitation emphasises client-centeredness, equality, and the influence of environmental and personal factors. It is integral to professional duties, competence, and multiprofessional collaboration, grounded in multidisciplinary research. This approach is essential for the implementation, assessment and development of rehabilitation resources, management and services. Evidence-based rehabilitation provides a unifying framework for the effective integration of healthcare services.Abstract
Background/Aims:
Rehabilitation is a complex multidisciplinary process with many moving parts; misunderstandings of the concept of evidence-based practice may contribute to professionals' perception that its use in rehabilitation is challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of evidence-based rehabilitation among professionals in the social care, healthcare and rehabilitation fields who were engaged in continued education.
Methods:
The study consisted of a sample of 22 social care, healthcare, and rehabilitation professionals who attended an online continued education module. The research data consisted of participants' submissions for an independent learning task relating to their perceptions and understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation. The submissions were provided in the form of audio files (MP4) that were uploaded to the online learning environment (Moodle). Data were analysed by inductive content analysis. The codes (n=468) were condensed into subcategories (n=71) and organised to preserve important details. Subcategories were grouped into categories (n=13) based on content similarities, which were then further grouped into three main categories during the final abstraction phase.
Results:
The participants' statements concerning their perceptions and understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation were grouped into three main categories: the client at the heart of evidence-based rehabilitation; evidence-based rehabilitation as a guideline for working as a social care, healthcare or rehabilitation professional; and evidence-based rehabilitation based on research and development of practices. Practitioners described their understanding of evidence-based rehabilitation from a variety of perspectives, including those of client work, professional competence, research and developmental work.
Conclusions:
This study provides a multidisciplinary and interprofessional approach to evidence-based rehabilitation and addresses the limited consideration of such perspectives in previous research.
Implications for practice:
Evidence-based rehabilitation emphasises client-centeredness, equality, and the influence of environmental and personal factors. It is integral to professional duties, competence, and multiprofessional collaboration, grounded in multidisciplinary research. This approach is essential for the implementation, assessment and development of rehabilitation resources, management and services. Evidence-based rehabilitation provides a unifying framework for the effective integration of healthcare services
Diverse surface reconstructions in MAX phases
No full textAbstract
Surface reconstructions in MAX phases demonstrate a complexity similar to that of semiconductor surfaces, influenced by the intricate interactions between their distinct electronic and structural characteristics. Utilizing first-principles electronic and phonon calculations, we explore various surface reconstructions that may occur on the surfaces of transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MAX phases, especially when the A-element atoms from group 13 to 16 of the periodic table are positioned in the topmost surface layer. In many MAX phases, such as Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, Ti2GaC, and Ti2InC, the surface A overlayer exhibits dynamic stability and maintains a bulk-like hexagonal configuration. Conversely, certain phases possess dynamic instability, as evidenced by soft phonon modes, leading to reconstructions of the A overlayer that include buckling (e.g., Ti2PbC and Ti2SnC), dimer/trimers (e.g., Ti2PC), tetramers (e.g., Ti2SiC and Ti2GeC), pentagon chains (e.g., Ti2SiC), or Kagome lattices (e.g., Ti2ZnC). Following these surface reconstructions, the surfaces achieve dynamic stability as all soft modes disappear. These reconstructions are associated with energy gains from band splitting due to A–A orbital interactions at low energies and/or the rehybridization of A dangling-bond-like electronic states at the Fermi level. The diversity of surface reconstructions and their connection with electronic properties underscore the intricate nature of surface phenomena in MAX phases.Abstract
Surface reconstructions in MAX phases demonstrate a complexity similar to that of semiconductor surfaces, influenced by the intricate interactions between their distinct electronic and structural characteristics. Utilizing first-principles electronic and phonon calculations, we explore various surface reconstructions that may occur on the surfaces of transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MAX phases, especially when the A-element atoms from group 13 to 16 of the periodic table are positioned in the topmost surface layer. In many MAX phases, such as Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, Ti2GaC, and Ti2InC, the surface A overlayer exhibits dynamic stability and maintains a bulk-like hexagonal configuration. Conversely, certain phases possess dynamic instability, as evidenced by soft phonon modes, leading to reconstructions of the A overlayer that include buckling (e.g., Ti2PbC and Ti2SnC), dimer/trimers (e.g., Ti2PC), tetramers (e.g., Ti2SiC and Ti2GeC), pentagon chains (e.g., Ti2SiC), or Kagome lattices (e.g., Ti2ZnC). Following these surface reconstructions, the surfaces achieve dynamic stability as all soft modes disappear. These reconstructions are associated with energy gains from band splitting due to A–A orbital interactions at low energies and/or the rehybridization of A dangling-bond-like electronic states at the Fermi level. The diversity of surface reconstructions and their connection with electronic properties underscore the intricate nature of surface phenomena in MAX phases
Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Stress and Infections in Infancy
No full textAbstract
Aim:
To study maternal stress as a possible risk factor for early infections in infants in a well-characterised, prospective infant HELMi cohort.
Methods:
We measured maternal stress during the last trimester with questionnaires (4 items, scales 0–100) and breastmilk cortisol levels at 3 months. We compared maternal stress between infants with several infections (n = 125) and infants with no infections (n = 122) during the first 6 months of life. The episodes and days with symptoms were recorded using an online diary. Control subjects were matched for sex, year of birth, mode of delivery, and timing of breastmilk sample. The analysis was adjusted for season of birth and number of siblings.
Results:
The median maternal prenatal stress, related to household during the last trimester, was higher in the infection group than in controls (37 [IQR 19.5–61] vs. 19 [7.8–42.3]; p = 0.02). There was no difference in prenatal stress related to pregnancy or the relationship between the groups. The breastmilk cortisol levels did not differ between the groups (medians of 6.8 nmol/L [IQR 4.8–8.8] and 6.2 nmol/L [4.5–8.4], respectively; p = 0.12).
Conclusion:
Prenatal stress was linked to the occurrence of infections in infancy. Whether support for stress reduction may reduce the risk for infections warrants further study.Abstract
Aim:
To study maternal stress as a possible risk factor for early infections in infants in a well-characterised, prospective infant HELMi cohort.
Methods:
We measured maternal stress during the last trimester with questionnaires (4 items, scales 0–100) and breastmilk cortisol levels at 3 months. We compared maternal stress between infants with several infections (n = 125) and infants with no infections (n = 122) during the first 6 months of life. The episodes and days with symptoms were recorded using an online diary. Control subjects were matched for sex, year of birth, mode of delivery, and timing of breastmilk sample. The analysis was adjusted for season of birth and number of siblings.
Results:
The median maternal prenatal stress, related to household during the last trimester, was higher in the infection group than in controls (37 [IQR 19.5–61] vs. 19 [7.8–42.3]; p = 0.02). There was no difference in prenatal stress related to pregnancy or the relationship between the groups. The breastmilk cortisol levels did not differ between the groups (medians of 6.8 nmol/L [IQR 4.8–8.8] and 6.2 nmol/L [4.5–8.4], respectively; p = 0.12).
Conclusion:
Prenatal stress was linked to the occurrence of infections in infancy. Whether support for stress reduction may reduce the risk for infections warrants further study
Learning and external feedback in a diverse classroom: a case study at DevLAB (Finland)
No full textAbstract
A diverse classroom necessitates a review into a traditional instructor-student relationship to facilitate learning. Thus, the study aims to examine the influence of external feedback on learning in a diverse classroom. The focus is on former students who previously participated in the DevLAB, initiated by Oulu University of Applied Sciences (Oamk) in Finland during 2012 to 2019. The survey is developed to examine the interrelationship among the three components: attitude, external feedback and learning and development after their graduation while the analysis involves the use of Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) program, Path Analysis and Factor Analysis. 57 former students with diverse educational background and nationalities have participated. Their education backgrounds and nationalities are diverse. The finding shows that external feedback as well as attitude contributes positively to learning and development. Specifically, active use of external feedback significantly strengthens learning in a diverse classroom. Future research is suggested to extend the findings.Abstract
A diverse classroom necessitates a review into a traditional instructor-student relationship to facilitate learning. Thus, the study aims to examine the influence of external feedback on learning in a diverse classroom. The focus is on former students who previously participated in the DevLAB, initiated by Oulu University of Applied Sciences (Oamk) in Finland during 2012 to 2019. The survey is developed to examine the interrelationship among the three components: attitude, external feedback and learning and development after their graduation while the analysis involves the use of Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) program, Path Analysis and Factor Analysis. 57 former students with diverse educational background and nationalities have participated. Their education backgrounds and nationalities are diverse. The finding shows that external feedback as well as attitude contributes positively to learning and development. Specifically, active use of external feedback significantly strengthens learning in a diverse classroom. Future research is suggested to extend the findings
Interpretation of lipidomics associations with type 2 diabetes: the importance of lipoprotein mediation
No full textSynthesizing Images with Different Exposure Settings for Low-Light Image Enhancement
No full textAbstract
Capturing high-quality images under low-light conditions remains a significant challenge, particularly for mobile cameras, which have relatively small sensor sizes compared to DSLR cameras. A promising approach to enhance low-light imaging involves fusing information from two consecutive captures with different exposure settings: a long-exposure image, which is less noisy but often blurred, and a short-exposure image, which is sharp but noisy. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have demonstrated significant improvements over classical methods. However, these approaches require large-scale datasets for training. Collecting real-world data is technically demanding and laborious, leading prior work to rely on synthetic data. Existing methods either generate blur using video frames, thus limiting the diversity of blur to the camera motion, or simulate blur-noise pairs from still images, assuming planar scenes and neglecting depth variations. In this paper, we propose a pipeline that leverages 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) to simulate camera motion within the 3D scene, allowing for the rendering of realistic blurry and noisy image pairs. We compare the synthesized data to real-world images and demonstrate the fidelity of our approach. This work lays the foundation for generating large-scale datasets suitable for training DL models aimed at low-light image enhancement.Abstract
Capturing high-quality images under low-light conditions remains a significant challenge, particularly for mobile cameras, which have relatively small sensor sizes compared to DSLR cameras. A promising approach to enhance low-light imaging involves fusing information from two consecutive captures with different exposure settings: a long-exposure image, which is less noisy but often blurred, and a short-exposure image, which is sharp but noisy. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have demonstrated significant improvements over classical methods. However, these approaches require large-scale datasets for training. Collecting real-world data is technically demanding and laborious, leading prior work to rely on synthetic data. Existing methods either generate blur using video frames, thus limiting the diversity of blur to the camera motion, or simulate blur-noise pairs from still images, assuming planar scenes and neglecting depth variations. In this paper, we propose a pipeline that leverages 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) to simulate camera motion within the 3D scene, allowing for the rendering of realistic blurry and noisy image pairs. We compare the synthesized data to real-world images and demonstrate the fidelity of our approach. This work lays the foundation for generating large-scale datasets suitable for training DL models aimed at low-light image enhancement
Introduction: Methods for Studying the Plasma Membrane and the Surfaceome
No full textAbstract
The cell surface, or surfaceome, plays a critical role in cell communication, adhesion, and signaling. This volume provides a comprehensive collection of protocols designed to explore the dynamic nature of the surfaceome. Encompassing both established and emerging techniques, this collection equips researchers with methods for isolating and characterizing surface proteins, analyzing protein–protein interactions, and investigating posttranslational modifications. It also includes protocols for advanced approaches, such as single-channel recordings and mass spectrometry–based analyses. Detailed instructions and troubleshooting tips empower researchers of all levels of experience to investigate the intricacies of the surfaceome. This collection serves as a resource for researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, and medicine aiming to understand the complexities of biological membranes and surfaceomes in health and disease.Abstract
The cell surface, or surfaceome, plays a critical role in cell communication, adhesion, and signaling. This volume provides a comprehensive collection of protocols designed to explore the dynamic nature of the surfaceome. Encompassing both established and emerging techniques, this collection equips researchers with methods for isolating and characterizing surface proteins, analyzing protein–protein interactions, and investigating posttranslational modifications. It also includes protocols for advanced approaches, such as single-channel recordings and mass spectrometry–based analyses. Detailed instructions and troubleshooting tips empower researchers of all levels of experience to investigate the intricacies of the surfaceome. This collection serves as a resource for researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, and medicine aiming to understand the complexities of biological membranes and surfaceomes in health and disease