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Book review: Pedagogy of Hope for Global Social Justice: Sustainable futures for people and the planet, edited by Douglas Bourn and Massimiliano Tarozzi
Get PDF“Present remotely” : experiences of early childhood education unit leaders about responsibility in remote management
No full textVarhaiskasvatusyksiköiden johtajat ovat jo vuosikymmeniä työskennelleet ainakin osittain etänä johtuen tehtäväkuvan laajuudesta tai johtamiskokonaisuuden moninaisuudesta. Heidän työtään ei varsinaisesti kuitenkaan ole mielletty etätyöksi, vaikka useamman päiväkodin tai palvelumuodon johtaminen aiheuttaa väistämättä sen, että fyysinen läsnäolo yksiköissä on rajallista. Koronapandemian aikana etätyöskentely yleistyi kaikilla ammattialoilla ja varhaiskasvatuksessakin se konkretisoitui uudella tavalla. Yleistyminen herätti tutkijoiden kiinnostuksen ja erityisesti pandemian aikaista etätyöskentelyä onkin tutkittu runsaasti monilla eri ammattialoilla, myös varhaiskasvatuksessa. Nämä tutkimukset keskittyivät kuitenkin pandemian aiheuttamiin haasteisiin ja kokemuksiin etätyöstä.
Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkitaan varhaiskasvatusyksiköiden johtajien kokemuksia etäjohtajuudesta jokapäiväisessä arjessa. Varhaiskasvatuksen kontekstissa, siitä ei löydy aiempaa tutkimustietoa. Tavoitteena on selvittää, miten johtajat kokevat lakien ja asiakirjojen heille osoittaman vastuun esihenkilönä, pedagogiikan johtajana ja päivittäisen työn organisoijana, kun työn moninaisuudesta tai johtamiskokonaisuuden koosta johtuen fyysinen läsnäolo yksiköissä on rajallista.
Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena ja aineisto kerättiin sähköisillä kyselylomakkeilla Etelä-Suomessa sijaitsevasta kaupungista. Analyysi tehtiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Kysely koostui viidestä eri teemasta, jotka olivat Johtamistyö, Vastuu, Pedagogiikan johtaminen, Vuorovaikutus ja luottamus sekä Etätyöskentely ja Etäjohtajuus. Saatuja tuloksia peilattiin varhaiskasvatuksen aiempien tutkimusten tuloksiin eri johtamismalleista ja pedagogisesta johtajuudesta sekä etätyöskentelyn tutkimuksiin muilta aloilta.
Keskeiseksi tutkimustulokseksi nousi toimivien rakenteiden merkitys pedagogiikan johtamisessa, vastuukysymyksissä sekä tiedonkulkuun liittyvissä kysymyksissä. Rakenteiden avulla varmistetaan pedagoginen jatkumo ja jaettu johtajuus, joka keventää johtajan pedagogista vastuuta. Myös tiedonkulun kannalta rakenteet näyttelevät tärkeää osaa. Työnantajille tärkeä tieto on, että varhaiskasvatusyksiköiden johtajat kokivat etätyöskentelyn edistävän heidän työhyvinvointiaan ja lisäävän motivaatiota.
Tutkimustulokset tarjoavat uutta tietoa yksikköjohtajien (lisä)koulutukselle erityisesti tehtävien delegoinnin, luottamuksen , jaetun johtajuuden ja toimivan tiedonkulun alueella. Kyseiset taidot ovat keskeisiä johtajien työhyvinvoinnin edistäjinä sekä etäjohtajuuden mahdollistamisen kannalta
Keskijohto kulttuurin arkkitehtina : miten keskijohto muovaa ja toteuttaa organisaatiokulttuuria
No full textArtificial intelligence tools in manufacturing
No full textTämä kandidaatintutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa tarkastellaan tekoälytyökalujen vaikutusta valmistavassa teollisuudessa. Tutkielman tarkoitus on selvittää, miten tekoälytyökalut suoriutuvat robotiikassa, kunnossapidossa, tuotannonhallinnassa ja laadunvalvonnassa. Työssä tutkitaan teollisuus 4.0 vaikutuksia valmistuksessa sekä tutkitaan, miltä tulevaisuus näyttää tekoälytyökalujen kanssa.
Työssä hyödynnetään ajankohtaisia tieteellisiä artikkeleita, ja ne osoittavat, että tekoälypohjaiset menetelmät, kuten syväoppiminen, mahdollistavat tuotantoprosessien laadun paranemisen ja optimoimisen. IoT-antureiden avulla kerätty data on perusta digitaaliselle kaksoselle, jonka avulla voidaan kehittää erilaisia tuotantojärjestelmiä. Käyn työssäni huolella läpi, kuinka tekoälytyökalujen käyttö robotiikassa ja ennakoivassa kunnossapidossa parantaa tuotannon tehokkuutta. Laadunhallinnassa ja tuotekehityksessä puolestaan tekoälytyökalut parantavat virheiden tunnistusta, automatisointia ja prosessien nopeutta.
Työn johtopäätöksenä todetaan tekoälytyökalujen olevan erityisen keskeisessä roolissa valmistavassa teollisuudessa. Tulevaisuudessa valmistava teollisuus tulee jatkamaan nousujohteista kasvua uusien innovaatioiden saapuessa ja tekoälyn kehittyessä. Näiden ansioista ihmisen rooli vaihtuu strategiseen päätöksen tekoon ja luovaan ongelmanratkaisuun
Autologous atrial appendage micrografts transplanted during coronary artery bypass surgery: design of the AAMS2 randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial
No full textAbstract
Background:
The AAMS open-label clinical study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of epicardial transplantation of autologous right atrial appendage micrografts (AAMs) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The study also provided the first indications of therapeutic efficacy of the AAMs, as delivered within an extracellular matrix patch, to reduce ischemic scar and increase viable ventricular wall thickness. To further evaluate the initial beneficial effects observed in the AAMS study, we designed the randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled AAMS2 trial. Focusing on patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial scar, the AAMS2 trial aims to generate state-of-the-art structural and functional imaging data of the myocardium treated with an AAMs-patch during CABG.
Methods:
The AAMS2 trial recruits IHD patients who are set to undergo non-urgent CABG and present with an ischemic myocardial scar in preoperative cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) with late gadolinium enhancement. Patients are randomized (1:1) to receive a collagen-based matrix patch (Hemopatch®), with or without AAMs, epicardially onto the scar border. The primary endpoint, assessed by CMRI preoperatively and at 6 months post-operative follow-up, focuses on the left ventricle scar mass. The secondary endpoints center on the change in scar mass by the AAMs-patch site and evaluation of therapy safety and feasibility as well as its effects on myocardial structure and function by echocardiography. Change in blood N-terminal-pro-BNP levels in the timeframe is the co-primary endpoint.
Discussion:
Data from the AAMS2 trial provides the first randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy on epicardial AAMs transplantation for ischemic myocardial scar. This data will pave the road towards rational design of larger AAMs therapeutic efficacy-addressing trial(s).
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05632432, registered 30 November 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05632432.Abstract
Background:
The AAMS open-label clinical study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of epicardial transplantation of autologous right atrial appendage micrografts (AAMs) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The study also provided the first indications of therapeutic efficacy of the AAMs, as delivered within an extracellular matrix patch, to reduce ischemic scar and increase viable ventricular wall thickness. To further evaluate the initial beneficial effects observed in the AAMS study, we designed the randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled AAMS2 trial. Focusing on patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial scar, the AAMS2 trial aims to generate state-of-the-art structural and functional imaging data of the myocardium treated with an AAMs-patch during CABG.
Methods:
The AAMS2 trial recruits IHD patients who are set to undergo non-urgent CABG and present with an ischemic myocardial scar in preoperative cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) with late gadolinium enhancement. Patients are randomized (1:1) to receive a collagen-based matrix patch (Hemopatch®), with or without AAMs, epicardially onto the scar border. The primary endpoint, assessed by CMRI preoperatively and at 6 months post-operative follow-up, focuses on the left ventricle scar mass. The secondary endpoints center on the change in scar mass by the AAMs-patch site and evaluation of therapy safety and feasibility as well as its effects on myocardial structure and function by echocardiography. Change in blood N-terminal-pro-BNP levels in the timeframe is the co-primary endpoint.
Discussion:
Data from the AAMS2 trial provides the first randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy on epicardial AAMs transplantation for ischemic myocardial scar. This data will pave the road towards rational design of larger AAMs therapeutic efficacy-addressing trial(s).
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05632432, registered 30 November 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05632432
The initiation and persistence of disease-modifying treatments in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in real-world clinical practice : associations with clinical factors, fatigue, and quality of life
No full textAbstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The differing risk–benefit profiles of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) present a challenge to identifying the effective and tolerable treatment that the patient can adhere to. Treatment decisions are based on the assessment of multiple therapy-influencing factors. There is a need for real-world evidence to support clinical decision-making.
This thesis examined the factors associated with the choice and persistence of DMTs, studied the prevalence of comorbidities, and investigated the factors associated with fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with relapsing–remitting MS.
The patient cohorts for this study are based on the Finnish MS register (n = 2479 and n = 1630) and two hospital-based cohorts (Oulu University Hospital, n = 198; Oulu and Kuopio University Hospitals and Mikkeli Central Hospital, n = 421).
Early initiation of high-efficacy DMTs (heDMTs) has become increasingly common in Finland, as their proportion as initial therapy rose significantly between 2013 (6.9%) and 2022 (43.7%). At least one comorbidity was present in approximately half of the people with MS at the time of MS diagnosis or when the first DMT was initiated. The most common comorbidities were psychiatric, neurological, and autoimmune conditions. Multicomorbidity was linked to lower persistence across all DMTs. Among medium-efficacy DMTs (meDMTs), discontinuation risk was higher with autoimmune or psychiatric comorbidity and the injectable administration route. Moreover, fatigue was present in 73.3% of the patients and strongly associated with lower HRQoL. Fatigue and lower HQRoL were associated with higher number of DMTs used, indicating more DMT switches. The choice of meDMT over heDMT was associated with older age, lower disease activity, longer delay since MS onset to DMT initiation, and respiratory comorbidities. Among the meDMTs, female sex and younger age were related to higher probability of beginning injectable DMT over oral DMT.
In conclusion, effective early treatment of MS requires careful management of comorbid conditions. Individual selection of a DMT with favorable risk–benefit profile is necessary. Optimal therapeutic outcomes can only be achieved through consistent treatment compliance. Original papers Ahvenjärvi, H., Jokinen, E., Viitala, M., Autio, H., Portaankorva, A. M., Soilu‐Hänninen, M., Krüger, J., & Ryytty, M. (2025). Evolving patterns of initial RRMS treatment in Finland (2013–2022): Insights from a nationwide multiple sclerosis register. Brain and Behavior, 15(2), e70326. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70326 https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70326 Self-archived version Ahvenjärvi, H., Krüger, J., Viitala, M., Jokinen, E., Autio, H., Portaankorva, A. M., Soilu-Hänninen, M., & Ryytty, M. (2025) Comorbidities in Finnish newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A population-based register study. Manuscript submitted for publication. Ahvenjärvi, H., Lund, I., Portaankorva, A. M., Krüger, J., & Ryytty, M. (2025) Comorbidities at MS diagnosis and their association with treatment persistence: Real-world clinical data. Manuscript submitted for publication. Ahvenjärvi, H., Niiranen, M., Simula, S., Hämäläinen, P., Surcel, H.-M., Remes, A. M., Ryytty, M., & Krüger, J. (2023). Fatigue and health-related quality of life depend on the disability status and clinical course in RRMS. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 77, 104861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104861 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104861 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
MS-tauti on yleisin keskushermoston krooninen demyelinoiva tulehduksellinen sairaus. Taudin kulkuun vaikuttavien lääkkeiden hyöty–haittaprofiilit eroavat toisistaan, mikä asettaa haasteen tehokkaan ja siedettävän lääkkeen valinnalle, jonka käyttöön potilas pystyy sitoutumaan. Hoitopäätökset perustuvat useisiin lääkehoitoon vaikuttaviin tekijöihin. Kliinisen päätöksenteon tueksi tarvitaan tosielämän tutkimusnäyttöä.
Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkittiin lääkehoidon valintaan ja sitoutumiseen liittyviä tekijöitä, oheissairauksien esiintyvyyttä, sekä uupumukseen ja terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun yhdistyviä tekijöitä aaltomaista MS-tautia sairastavilla potilailla.
Tutkimuksen potilaskohortit perustuvat Suomen MS-rekisteriin (n = 2479 ja n = 1630) ja kahteen sairaalapohjaiseen kohorttiin (Oulun yliopistollinen sairaala, n = 198; Oulun ja Kuopion yliopistolliset sairaalat ja Mikkelin keskussairaala, n = 421).
Korkeatehoisella lääkkeellä aloittaminen on yleistynyt Suomessa, sillä korkeatehoisten osuus ensilääkkeistä kasvoi 6,9 %:sta vuonna 2013 aina 43,7 %:iin vuonna 2022. Noin puolella potilaista oli vähintään yksi oheissairaus MS-diagnoosin asettamisen tai ensilääkkeen aloituksen aikaan. Yleisimpiä oheissairauksia olivat psykiatriset, neurologiset ja autoimmuunisairaudet. Monisairastavuus oli yhteydessä korkeampaan keskeyttämisriskiin kaikilla lääkkeillä. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeillä keskeyttämisriskiä lisäsivät autoimmuuni- tai psykiatrinen oheissairaus sekä pistosmuotoinen lääkitys. Uupumusta koki 73,3 % potilaista, ja se oli vahvasti yhteydessä heikompaan elämänlaatuun. Uupumus ja heikompi elämänlaatu olivat yhteydessä suurempaan määrään käytettyjä lääkkeitä, viitaten useampiin lääkevaihtoihin. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeen valinta korkeatehoisen sijasta oli yhteydessä seuraaviin tekijöihin: korkeampi ikä, matalampi tautiaktiivisuus, pidempi viive ensioireista ensilääkkeen aloitukseen, sekä hengityselinsairauteen oheissairautena. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeillä naissukupuoli ja nuorempi ikä lisäsivät todennäköisyyttä valita pistettävä lääke ensilääkkeeksi suun kautta otettavan sijaan.
Yhteenvetona MS-taudin tehokas varhainen hoito edellyttää oheissairauksien huolellista hoitoa. Yksilöllinen lääkearvio on tarpeellista suotuisan hyöty–haittaprofiilin saavuttamiseksi. Hoitoon sitoutuminen on olennaista optimaalisten hoitotavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi. Osajulkaisut Ahvenjärvi, H., Jokinen, E., Viitala, M., Autio, H., Portaankorva, A. M., Soilu‐Hänninen, M., Krüger, J., & Ryytty, M. (2025). Evolving patterns of initial RRMS treatment in Finland (2013–2022): Insights from a nationwide multiple sclerosis register. Brain and Behavior, 15(2), e70326. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70326 https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70326 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Ahvenjärvi, H., Krüger, J., Viitala, M., Jokinen, E., Autio, H., Portaankorva, A. M., Soilu-Hänninen, M., & Ryytty, M. (2025) Comorbidities in Finnish newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A population-based register study. Manuscript submitted for publication. Ahvenjärvi, H., Lund, I., Portaankorva, A. M., Krüger, J., & Ryytty, M. (2025) Comorbidities at MS diagnosis and their association with treatment persistence: Real-world clinical data. Manuscript submitted for publication. Ahvenjärvi, H., Niiranen, M., Simula, S., Hämäläinen, P., Surcel, H.-M., Remes, A. M., Ryytty, M., & Krüger, J. (2023). Fatigue and health-related quality of life depend on the disability status and clinical course in RRMS. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 77, 104861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104861 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104861 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Leena Palotie auditorium (101A) of the Faculty of Medicine (Aapistie 5 A), on 30 January 2026, at 12 noonAbstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The differing risk–benefit profiles of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) present a challenge to identifying the effective and tolerable treatment that the patient can adhere to. Treatment decisions are based on the assessment of multiple therapy-influencing factors. There is a need for real-world evidence to support clinical decision-making.
This thesis examined the factors associated with the choice and persistence of DMTs, studied the prevalence of comorbidities, and investigated the factors associated with fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with relapsing–remitting MS.
The patient cohorts for this study are based on the Finnish MS register (n = 2479 and n = 1630) and two hospital-based cohorts (Oulu University Hospital, n = 198; Oulu and Kuopio University Hospitals and Mikkeli Central Hospital, n = 421).
Early initiation of high-efficacy DMTs (heDMTs) has become increasingly common in Finland, as their proportion as initial therapy rose significantly between 2013 (6.9%) and 2022 (43.7%). At least one comorbidity was present in approximately half of the people with MS at the time of MS diagnosis or when the first DMT was initiated. The most common comorbidities were psychiatric, neurological, and autoimmune conditions. Multicomorbidity was linked to lower persistence across all DMTs. Among medium-efficacy DMTs (meDMTs), discontinuation risk was higher with autoimmune or psychiatric comorbidity and the injectable administration route. Moreover, fatigue was present in 73.3% of the patients and strongly associated with lower HRQoL. Fatigue and lower HQRoL were associated with higher number of DMTs used, indicating more DMT switches. The choice of meDMT over heDMT was associated with older age, lower disease activity, longer delay since MS onset to DMT initiation, and respiratory comorbidities. Among the meDMTs, female sex and younger age were related to higher probability of beginning injectable DMT over oral DMT.
In conclusion, effective early treatment of MS requires careful management of comorbid conditions. Individual selection of a DMT with favorable risk–benefit profile is necessary. Optimal therapeutic outcomes can only be achieved through consistent treatment compliance.Tiivistelmä
MS-tauti on yleisin keskushermoston krooninen demyelinoiva tulehduksellinen sairaus. Taudin kulkuun vaikuttavien lääkkeiden hyöty–haittaprofiilit eroavat toisistaan, mikä asettaa haasteen tehokkaan ja siedettävän lääkkeen valinnalle, jonka käyttöön potilas pystyy sitoutumaan. Hoitopäätökset perustuvat useisiin lääkehoitoon vaikuttaviin tekijöihin. Kliinisen päätöksenteon tueksi tarvitaan tosielämän tutkimusnäyttöä.
Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkittiin lääkehoidon valintaan ja sitoutumiseen liittyviä tekijöitä, oheissairauksien esiintyvyyttä, sekä uupumukseen ja terveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun yhdistyviä tekijöitä aaltomaista MS-tautia sairastavilla potilailla.
Tutkimuksen potilaskohortit perustuvat Suomen MS-rekisteriin (n = 2479 ja n = 1630) ja kahteen sairaalapohjaiseen kohorttiin (Oulun yliopistollinen sairaala, n = 198; Oulun ja Kuopion yliopistolliset sairaalat ja Mikkelin keskussairaala, n = 421).
Korkeatehoisella lääkkeellä aloittaminen on yleistynyt Suomessa, sillä korkeatehoisten osuus ensilääkkeistä kasvoi 6,9 %:sta vuonna 2013 aina 43,7 %:iin vuonna 2022. Noin puolella potilaista oli vähintään yksi oheissairaus MS-diagnoosin asettamisen tai ensilääkkeen aloituksen aikaan. Yleisimpiä oheissairauksia olivat psykiatriset, neurologiset ja autoimmuunisairaudet. Monisairastavuus oli yhteydessä korkeampaan keskeyttämisriskiin kaikilla lääkkeillä. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeillä keskeyttämisriskiä lisäsivät autoimmuuni- tai psykiatrinen oheissairaus sekä pistosmuotoinen lääkitys. Uupumusta koki 73,3 % potilaista, ja se oli vahvasti yhteydessä heikompaan elämänlaatuun. Uupumus ja heikompi elämänlaatu olivat yhteydessä suurempaan määrään käytettyjä lääkkeitä, viitaten useampiin lääkevaihtoihin. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeen valinta korkeatehoisen sijasta oli yhteydessä seuraaviin tekijöihin: korkeampi ikä, matalampi tautiaktiivisuus, pidempi viive ensioireista ensilääkkeen aloitukseen, sekä hengityselinsairauteen oheissairautena. Kohtalaisen tehon lääkkeillä naissukupuoli ja nuorempi ikä lisäsivät todennäköisyyttä valita pistettävä lääke ensilääkkeeksi suun kautta otettavan sijaan.
Yhteenvetona MS-taudin tehokas varhainen hoito edellyttää oheissairauksien huolellista hoitoa. Yksilöllinen lääkearvio on tarpeellista suotuisan hyöty–haittaprofiilin saavuttamiseksi. Hoitoon sitoutuminen on olennaista optimaalisten hoitotavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi
Exploring reference standards for the measurement of respiratory rate in children under 5 years of age: a scoping review
No full textAbstract
Background:
Respiratory rate is an important part of assessing the clinical state of children, and various methods exist to measure it. However, there is a lack of a universally accepted reference standard to validate the performance of these methods.
Aim:
To identify different reference standards that have been used to evaluate respiratory rate measurement methods in children under 5 years of age and describe their perceived strengths and limitations.
Methods:
MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for studies in English. Studies of children under 5 years of age, published between 2013 and 2024, in which a method for measuring respiratory rate was compared against a reference standard, were included. Deductive content analysis was used to map perceived strengths and limitations of each standard, and a forest plot analysis was used to compare agreement between the reference standard and the index tests.
Results:
From 992 retrieved studies, 56 were included. The most common reference standard was impedance pneumography (22/56), primarily used in high-income settings, followed by manual counting (19/56), mostly employed in low- and middle-income settings, and capnography (9/56). Child age, clinical condition, setting, training of personnel and the ease of implementation were all important factors in which the reference standard was used and how it performed.
Conclusion:
Three different reference standards were used for most studies; however, their relative performance to each other is unclear. There is a need for research that directly compares the performance of these reference standards across different age strata and settings in order to confidently recommend a reference standard for respiratory rate measurement methods.Abstract
Background:
Respiratory rate is an important part of assessing the clinical state of children, and various methods exist to measure it. However, there is a lack of a universally accepted reference standard to validate the performance of these methods.
Aim:
To identify different reference standards that have been used to evaluate respiratory rate measurement methods in children under 5 years of age and describe their perceived strengths and limitations.
Methods:
MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for studies in English. Studies of children under 5 years of age, published between 2013 and 2024, in which a method for measuring respiratory rate was compared against a reference standard, were included. Deductive content analysis was used to map perceived strengths and limitations of each standard, and a forest plot analysis was used to compare agreement between the reference standard and the index tests.
Results:
From 992 retrieved studies, 56 were included. The most common reference standard was impedance pneumography (22/56), primarily used in high-income settings, followed by manual counting (19/56), mostly employed in low- and middle-income settings, and capnography (9/56). Child age, clinical condition, setting, training of personnel and the ease of implementation were all important factors in which the reference standard was used and how it performed.
Conclusion:
Three different reference standards were used for most studies; however, their relative performance to each other is unclear. There is a need for research that directly compares the performance of these reference standards across different age strata and settings in order to confidently recommend a reference standard for respiratory rate measurement methods
Advancing ecological conceptualizations of learning through studying world-making practices in interdisciplinary education
No full textAbstract
Learning for complex world-making practices cannot be understood without embracing theoretical perspectives that acknowledge the complexity and dynamics of the interconnected and distributed among people and their environments nature of such practices. This symposium aims to advance the conceptual foundations for studying learning as an ecological phenomenon. It builds upon the recent special issue of Journal of the Learning Sciences, “Beyond disciplinary engagement: Researching the ecologies of interdisciplinary learning” (Markauskaite et al., 2024). The papers in this special issue adopted diverse ecological perspectives to study interdisciplinary learning, offering unique insights into how personal resourcefulness, teamwork dynamics, institutional processes, and disciplinary cultures intertwine in this context. However, the underpinning conceptual issues of theorizing and empirically studying learning as an ecological phenomenon were not specifically examined. In this symposium, we extend this work to unpack different ecological conceptualizations of learning and discuss critical directions for further development.Abstract
Learning for complex world-making practices cannot be understood without embracing theoretical perspectives that acknowledge the complexity and dynamics of the interconnected and distributed among people and their environments nature of such practices. This symposium aims to advance the conceptual foundations for studying learning as an ecological phenomenon. It builds upon the recent special issue of Journal of the Learning Sciences, “Beyond disciplinary engagement: Researching the ecologies of interdisciplinary learning” (Markauskaite et al., 2024). The papers in this special issue adopted diverse ecological perspectives to study interdisciplinary learning, offering unique insights into how personal resourcefulness, teamwork dynamics, institutional processes, and disciplinary cultures intertwine in this context. However, the underpinning conceptual issues of theorizing and empirically studying learning as an ecological phenomenon were not specifically examined. In this symposium, we extend this work to unpack different ecological conceptualizations of learning and discuss critical directions for further development
Everyone is a sustainability teacher : a little idea book
No full textPreface
Education holds the power to change the world. When the world is burning, we need hope and a driving force for change. Addressing global problems calls for courage, collaboration and fresh ways of thinking. At the Centre for Languages and Communication Lingua, sustainability and responsibility are at the heart of our strategic vision. Since the turn of the millennium, Lingua’s innovative teachers have brought sustainability themes into their teaching and encouraged their students to consider their own role in shaping our changing world.
Lingua provides courses in languages and communication for all degree programmes. Thus, we have a vantage point for supporting our university community in our common endeavour to shape a liveable future by offering perspectives, ideas and the means for sustainability education. This is our Little idea book, ready to enter into discussion and think creatively with you, dear reader.
I feel joy and pride at the progressive and forward-thinking sustainability work being carried out at Lingua and at the University of Oulu. Thanks to Lingua and its energetic
sustainability team, as well as to all those who participated in writing and commenting on this little book. Thanks to the Noste Programme for funding the publication of the book.
Many young people feel overwhelmed with too much responsibility for navigating an uncertain and rapidly changing world. Teachers can foster hope for the future by embracing sustainability efforts themselves and empowering our students to become active, resilient and globally minded leaders.
On behalf of the whole of Lingua, I wish you joy, light and power for your work!
Elina Palola, the Director of LinguaPreface
Education holds the power to change the world. When the world is burning, we need hope and a driving force for change. Addressing global problems calls for courage, collaboration and fresh ways of thinking. At the Centre for Languages and Communication Lingua, sustainability and responsibility are at the heart of our strategic vision. Since the turn of the millennium, Lingua’s innovative teachers have brought sustainability themes into their teaching and encouraged their students to consider their own role in shaping our changing world.
Lingua provides courses in languages and communication for all degree programmes. Thus, we have a vantage point for supporting our university community in our common endeavour to shape a liveable future by offering perspectives, ideas and the means for sustainability education. This is our Little idea book, ready to enter into discussion and think creatively with you, dear reader.
I feel joy and pride at the progressive and forward-thinking sustainability work being carried out at Lingua and at the University of Oulu. Thanks to Lingua and its energetic
sustainability team, as well as to all those who participated in writing and commenting on this little book. Thanks to the Noste Programme for funding the publication of the book.
Many young people feel overwhelmed with too much responsibility for navigating an uncertain and rapidly changing world. Teachers can foster hope for the future by embracing sustainability efforts themselves and empowering our students to become active, resilient and globally minded leaders.
On behalf of the whole of Lingua, I wish you joy, light and power for your work!
Elina Palola, the Director of Lingu
Huippukysynnän aikasarjaennustaminen koneoppimisella
No full textOutdoor music festivals face operational challenges in managing peak sales demand, driven by unpredictable crowd flows, weather, and event schedules. This thesis develops a machine learning-based time series forecasting model to predict transaction volumes at sales points, with the goal of supporting proactive staffing and inventory decisions for multi-day events.
Historical data from four festivals (2022–2024) were integrated. The data consisted of sales point transaction records, program metadata, and 10-minute weather forecasts. Preprocessing was applied to reduce deficiencies through aggregation, with features engineered from lagged volumes, program flags, and environmental interactions. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was ultimately selected over alternatives for its strength in non-stationary peaks, using cross-festival splits, drawing from all other festivals and prior years, with 2024 held out for testing.
In this thesis, the final model was evaluated on 2024 data. The model achieved root mean square error (RMSE) of 15–50 transactions per 5-minute interval, mean absolute error (MAE) of 10–30, and R-squared (R²) of 0.6–0.85, with Day 2 data set improvements of 15–25\% via adaptation. Case studies demonstrated gains for new sales points (Day 1 cold-start mitigation). Limitations include metadata mismatches and edge-case underlearning.
Intended for integration into an event management system, the model has the potential to reduce overstaffing, enhancing efficiency and sustainability in future deployments. This work advances practical Machine Learning (ML) for event demand peak forecasting, offering a scalable framework for dynamic environments