OuluREPO University of Oulu repository
Not a member yet
54977 research outputs found
Sort by
Knowledge construction with GenAI: The role of theory-informed prompt engineering in achieving pedagogical alignment
No full textAbstract
Although generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools are increasingly integrated into education, limited attention has been paid to how prompt design mediates pedagogical alignment and instructional intent. This study addresses this gap by exploring the interplay between theory-informed prompt engineering and the coherence of generated content with curricular goals. We employ a theory-driven prompt engineering approach based on the Social Knowledge Construction framework and evaluate the pedagogical and technological alignment of ChatGPT-generated content using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. We analyse ChatGPT’s responses across five instructional aims: organising teaching activities, integrating technology, assessment, student engagement and meeting diverse student needs. For this, a structural equation model was developed through which we also analysed the relationship among TPACK dimensions in the GenAI-generated outputs. Results demonstrate that as theoretically informed prompts increase the quality of ChatGPT-generated outputs in terms of pedagogical alignment with learning goals that are reflected in TPACK dimensions.Abstract
Although generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools are increasingly integrated into education, limited attention has been paid to how prompt design mediates pedagogical alignment and instructional intent. This study addresses this gap by exploring the interplay between theory-informed prompt engineering and the coherence of generated content with curricular goals. We employ a theory-driven prompt engineering approach based on the Social Knowledge Construction framework and evaluate the pedagogical and technological alignment of ChatGPT-generated content using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. We analyse ChatGPT’s responses across five instructional aims: organising teaching activities, integrating technology, assessment, student engagement and meeting diverse student needs. For this, a structural equation model was developed through which we also analysed the relationship among TPACK dimensions in the GenAI-generated outputs. Results demonstrate that as theoretically informed prompts increase the quality of ChatGPT-generated outputs in terms of pedagogical alignment with learning goals that are reflected in TPACK dimensions
Empirical insights on interoperability in digital twins: Challenges & LCIM perspectives
No full textAbstract
Context:
Digital twins (DTs) have become integral in diverse cyber–physical production systems (CPPS), enabling dynamic interactions between physical entities and their digital counterparts. Yet their integration into such complex ecosystems raises substantial interoperability challenges. While these challenges and associated frameworks for DTs have been extensively theorized in scholarly literature, there are limited empirical investigations that capture industrial perspectives on these aspects.
Objective:
This exploratory study aims to empirically investigate real-world interoperability challenges in DT deployments and assess the relevance of a layered interoperability framework as a structured approach to address these issues.
Methods:
We addressed this gap by conducting interviews with 12 DT practitioners from 10 companies across five European countries. Interviewees are guided through two reference models: a simplified view of the DT ecosystem and a layered framework based on the Level of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM). The thematic synthesis and systematic mapping of the collected data have used Grounded Theory (GT)-based open coding. Sentiment analysis was used as an illustrative complement to the qualitative findings by capturing expert attitudes towards the LCIM for DTs.
Results:
The analysis identified 26 practical interoperability challenges, thematically synthesized into 7 categories. Experts’ perspectives on the LCIM for DTs revealed two key outcomes: 4 drivers of the open and closed-ended nature of interoperability layers, and 4 value propositions highlighting the framework’s relevance for DT deployments. Further, the identified challenge categories are mapped across layers, highlighting the dichotomy of open-source and proprietary approaches, the need for Dynamism and Ecosystem-oriented Interoperability.
Conclusions:
This work advances empirical and theoretical understandings of DT interoperability within CPPS. Our findings contribute to addressing practical interoperability challenges, provide empirical values for the layered model in cross-disciplinary approaches to DT integration, and offer guidance for researchers and practitioners. Future work could validate and adapt the layered approach through domain-specific DT applications to assess its effectiveness in digital transformation initiatives.Abstract
Context:
Digital twins (DTs) have become integral in diverse cyber–physical production systems (CPPS), enabling dynamic interactions between physical entities and their digital counterparts. Yet their integration into such complex ecosystems raises substantial interoperability challenges. While these challenges and associated frameworks for DTs have been extensively theorized in scholarly literature, there are limited empirical investigations that capture industrial perspectives on these aspects.
Objective:
This exploratory study aims to empirically investigate real-world interoperability challenges in DT deployments and assess the relevance of a layered interoperability framework as a structured approach to address these issues.
Methods:
We addressed this gap by conducting interviews with 12 DT practitioners from 10 companies across five European countries. Interviewees are guided through two reference models: a simplified view of the DT ecosystem and a layered framework based on the Level of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM). The thematic synthesis and systematic mapping of the collected data have used Grounded Theory (GT)-based open coding. Sentiment analysis was used as an illustrative complement to the qualitative findings by capturing expert attitudes towards the LCIM for DTs.
Results:
The analysis identified 26 practical interoperability challenges, thematically synthesized into 7 categories. Experts’ perspectives on the LCIM for DTs revealed two key outcomes: 4 drivers of the open and closed-ended nature of interoperability layers, and 4 value propositions highlighting the framework’s relevance for DT deployments. Further, the identified challenge categories are mapped across layers, highlighting the dichotomy of open-source and proprietary approaches, the need for Dynamism and Ecosystem-oriented Interoperability.
Conclusions:
This work advances empirical and theoretical understandings of DT interoperability within CPPS. Our findings contribute to addressing practical interoperability challenges, provide empirical values for the layered model in cross-disciplinary approaches to DT integration, and offer guidance for researchers and practitioners. Future work could validate and adapt the layered approach through domain-specific DT applications to assess its effectiveness in digital transformation initiatives
Studies of traveling ionospheric disturbances using rapid-run ionosonde, EISCAT radar and GPS TEC
No full textAbstract
The main topic of this thesis is Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances using multiple instruments at high and low latitudes. In high latitudes the work mainly focuses on the occurrence behavior of TIDs and its subsequent causing mechanisms as well as the vertical profiles of TID parameters, while the work in low latitude focuses on the effects of TIDs on small scale ionospheric irregularities. In the first paper, an equatorward propagating TID event possibly launched by high geomagnetic storms during St. Patrick’s day of 17 March 2015 is detected at low latitude East African sector. It is observed that as a consequence of these LSTIDs short lived ionospheric irregularities are induced. The next three papers (Papers II- IV) are based on Sodankylä ionosonde data. In the second paper a capability to scale ionograms in 1 minute resolution instead of 30 minutes is achieved by building and training a deep learning model with 13 years of Sodankylä ionogram data and manually scaled ground-truth parameters. By testing with a one year independent dataset, the performance of the developed model is evaluated to have the root mean square errors for critical frequencies foF2, foF1, foE, and foEs as 0.12 MHz, 0.07 MHz, 0.15 MHz, and 0.33 MHz, respectively. This provides an opportunity to conduct statistical investigation of TIDs between 25-100 minutes of period ranges in the next subsequent papers using foF2 data. In a third paper the occurrence rate distribution of MSTIDs over Sodankylä are obtained in a monthly and hourly basis. The main finding is that the occurrence rate of MSTIDs ranges between 52−87%, 21−59%, and 20−45% during winter day, summer night and equinox dusk, respectively. It is explained that the winter daytime MSTIDs are mostly triggered by atmospheric gravity waves initiated from the lower atmosphere, the summer nighttime MSTIDs are mostly initiated by in situ ionospheric processes and the equinox duskside MSTIDs could be related with ionospheric changes associated with day to nighttime terminator. The fourth paper reports a systematic approach to solve the controversial dependence between solar activity and MSTID amplitudes. The relative amplitudes of MSTIDs at the ionospheric hmF2 altitudes are corrected by taking into account the neutral densities estimated at those altitudes. It has been found that during winter ∼(0-12 UT) MSTID amplitudes show no clear dependence to the F10.7 while during 14−22 UT it shows a positive dependence. It suggests that MSTID amplitudes caused by AGW from the lower atmosphere may not significantly depend on solar activity. To understand how MSTIDs are propagating upward from the lower atmosphere and contribute for the daytime F region MSTIDs, the vertical electron density profiles from several daytime runs of EISCAT VHF data between 120−190 km were analysed in Paper V. It is found that the dominant relative amplitudes in winter daytime are 5-10 times larger than the corresponding daytime MSTIDs amplitudes observed in other seasons. This is consistent with the higher occurrence rate and relative amplitudes of MSTIDs obtained in Papers III and IV, respectively. Original papers Moges, S. T., Giday, N. M., Chekole, D. A., Ulich, T., & Sherstyukov, R. O. (2022). Storm‐time observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances and ionospheric irregularities in East Africa. Radio Science, 57(8), e2022RS007426. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007426 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007426 Self-archived version Sherstyukov, R., Moges, S., Kozlovsky, A., & Ulich, T. (2024). A deep learning approach for automatic ionogram parameters recognition with convolutional neural networks. Earth and Space Science, 11(10), e2023EA003446. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003446 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003446 Self-archived version Moges, S. T., Sherstyukov, R. O., Kozlovsky, A., Ulich, T., & Lester, M. (2024). Statistics of traveling ionospheric disturbances at high latitudes using a rapid‐run ionosonde. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129(4), e2023JA031694. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031694 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031694 Self-archived version Moges, S. T., Kozlovsky, A., Sherstyukov, R. O., & Ulich, T. (2024). Solar activity dependence of traveling ionospheric disturbance amplitudes using a rapid‐run ionosonde in high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129(10), e2024JA033013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033013 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033013 Self-archived version Moges, S. T., Ulich, T., Kozlovsky, A., Sherstyukov, R. O., Lasanen, S., & Tesfaw, H. (2025). Characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves and medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances derived from EISCAT measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 130(11), e2025JA034253. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034253 https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034253 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Tämän väitöskirjan pääaiheena ovat ionosfäärin matkustavat häiriöt (Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, TID), joita tutkitaan useilla mittalaitteilla korkeilta ja matalilta leveysasteilta. Korkeilla leveysasteilla työ keskittyy pääasiassa TID-ilmiöiden esiintymiskäyttäytymiseen ja niitä aiheuttaviin mekanismeihin, kun taas matalilla leveysasteilla tutkimus painottuu TID-ilmiöiden vaikutuksiin pienimuotoisissa ionosfäärin epäsäännöllisyyksissä. Ensimmäisessä artikkelissa havaitaan päiväntasaajalle etenevä TID-tapaus matalilla leveysasteilla Itä-Afrikan sektorilla, joka mahdollisesti sai alkunsa voimakkaista geomagneettisista myrskyistä Pyhän Patrickin päivänä 17. maaliskuuta 2015. Tapaus havaitaan sen moduloidessa tyypillisten iltavirtauksen aikaan esiintyvien tasauspäivän ionosfäärin epäsäännöllisyyksien kuvioita. Seuraavat kolme artikkelia (Artikkelit II- IV) perustuvat Sodankylän ionosondin dataan. Toisessa artikkelissa saavutetaan kyky skaalata ionogrammeja 1 minuutin resoluutiolla 30 minuutin sijaan, rakentamalla ja kouluttamalla syväoppimismalli 13 vuoden Sodankylän ionogrammidatalla ja manuaalisesti skaalatuilla vertailuarvoilla. Testaamalla mallia yhden vuoden riippumattomalla aineistolla, sen suorituskyky arvioidaan seuraavasti: kriittisten taajuuksien foF2, foF1, foE ja foEs keskineliövirheet ovat vastaavasti 0.12 MHz, 0.07 MHz, 0.15 MHz ja 0.33 MHz. Tämä mahdollistaa tilastollisen TID-tutkimuksen 25–100 minuutin jaksoalueella seuraavissa artikkeleissa foF2-datan avulla. Kolmannessa artikkelissa kerätään Sodankylän alueen MSTID-ilmiöiden esiintymisjakaumat kuukausi- ja tuntitasolla. Keskeinen havainto on, että MSTID-ilmiöiden esiintymisprosentit ovat talvipäivisin 52–87 %, kesäöisin 21–59 % ja tasauspäivien iltahämärässä 20–45 %. Talvipäivien MSTID-ilmiöt selitetään pääosin alemmasta ilmakehästä lähtöisin olevien gravitaatioaaltojen laukaisemiksi, kesäöiset MSTID-ilmiöt syntyvät pääosin ionosfäärin sisäisistä prosesseista, ja tasauspäivien iltahämärän MSTID-ilmiöt voivat liittyä ionosfäärin muutoksiin päivän ja yön terminaattorin yhteydessä. Neljäs artikkeli raportoi systemaattisesta lähestymistavasta ratkaista kiistanalaisen riippuvuuden auringon aktiivisuuden ja MSTID-amplitudien välillä. MSTID-ilmiöiden suhteelliset amplitudit ionosfäärin hmF2-korkeuksilla oikaistaan huomioimalla kyseisille korkeuksille arvioituidut neutraalitiheydet. Talvella (noin 0–12 UT) MSTID-amplitudit eivät osoita selvää riippuvuutta F10.7-arvoon, kun taas 14–22 UT välillä havaitaan positiivinen riippuvuus. Tämä viittaa siihen, että alemmasta ilmakehästä peräisin olevien AGW-ilmiöiden aiheuttamat MSTID-ilmiöt eivät merkittävästi riipu auringon aktiivisuudesta. Ymmärtääksemme, miten MSTID-ilmiöt etenevät ylöspäin alemmasta ilmakehästä ja ilmenevät päiväajan F-alueen MSTID-ilmiöihin, viidennessä artikkelissa analysoidaan EISCAT VHF-datan päiväaikaisia elektronitiheysprofiileja korkeuksilla 120–190 km. Analyysistä selviää, että talvipäivien suhteelliset amplitudit ovat 5–10 kertaa suurempia kuin muiden vuodenaikojen päiväaikaiset MSTID-amplitudit. Tämä on johdonmukaista artikkeleissa III ja IV havaittujen korkeampien MSTID esiintymisprosenttien ja suhteellisten amplitudien kanssa. Osajulkaisut Moges, S. T., Giday, N. M., Chekole, D. A., Ulich, T., & Sherstyukov, R. O. (2022). Storm‐time observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances and ionospheric irregularities in East Africa. Radio Science, 57(8), e2022RS007426. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007426 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007426 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Sherstyukov, R., Moges, S., Kozlovsky, A., & Ulich, T. (2024). A deep learning approach for automatic ionogram parameters recognition with convolutional neural networks. Earth and Space Science, 11(10), e2023EA003446. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003446 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003446 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Moges, S. T., Sherstyukov, R. O., Kozlovsky, A., Ulich, T., & Lester, M. (2024). Statistics of traveling ionospheric disturbances at high latitudes using a rapid‐run ionosonde. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129(4), e2023JA031694. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031694 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031694 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Moges, S. T., Kozlovsky, A., Sherstyukov, R. O., & Ulich, T. (2024). Solar activity dependence of traveling ionospheric disturbance amplitudes using a rapid‐run ionosonde in high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129(10), e2024JA033013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033013 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033013 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Moges, S. T., Ulich, T., Kozlovsky, A., Sherstyukov, R. O., Lasanen, S., & Tesfaw, H. (2025). Characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves and medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances derived from EISCAT measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 130(11), e2025JA034253. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034253 https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034253 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public discussion in Auditorium L10, Linnanmaa, on 13th March, 2026, at 12 o’clock noon.Abstract
The main topic of this thesis is Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances using multiple instruments at high and low latitudes. In high latitudes the work mainly focuses on the occurrence behavior of TIDs and its subsequent causing mechanisms as well as the vertical profiles of TID parameters, while the work in low latitude focuses on the effects of TIDs on small scale ionospheric irregularities. In the first paper, an equatorward propagating TID event possibly launched by high geomagnetic storms during St. Patrick’s day of 17 March 2015 is detected at low latitude East African sector. It is observed that as a consequence of these LSTIDs short lived ionospheric irregularities are induced. The next three papers (Papers II- IV) are based on Sodankylä ionosonde data. In the second paper a capability to scale ionograms in 1 minute resolution instead of 30 minutes is achieved by building and training a deep learning model with 13 years of Sodankylä ionogram data and manually scaled ground-truth parameters. By testing with a one year independent dataset, the performance of the developed model is evaluated to have the root mean square errors for critical frequencies foF2, foF1, foE, and foEs as 0.12 MHz, 0.07 MHz, 0.15 MHz, and 0.33 MHz, respectively. This provides an opportunity to conduct statistical investigation of TIDs between 25-100 minutes of period ranges in the next subsequent papers using foF2 data. In a third paper the occurrence rate distribution of MSTIDs over Sodankylä are obtained in a monthly and hourly basis. The main finding is that the occurrence rate of MSTIDs ranges between 52−87%, 21−59%, and 20−45% during winter day, summer night and equinox dusk, respectively. It is explained that the winter daytime MSTIDs are mostly triggered by atmospheric gravity waves initiated from the lower atmosphere, the summer nighttime MSTIDs are mostly initiated by in situ ionospheric processes and the equinox duskside MSTIDs could be related with ionospheric changes associated with day to nighttime terminator. The fourth paper reports a systematic approach to solve the controversial dependence between solar activity and MSTID amplitudes. The relative amplitudes of MSTIDs at the ionospheric hmF2 altitudes are corrected by taking into account the neutral densities estimated at those altitudes. It has been found that during winter ∼(0-12 UT) MSTID amplitudes show no clear dependence to the F10.7 while during 14−22 UT it shows a positive dependence. It suggests that MSTID amplitudes caused by AGW from the lower atmosphere may not significantly depend on solar activity. To understand how MSTIDs are propagating upward from the lower atmosphere and contribute for the daytime F region MSTIDs, the vertical electron density profiles from several daytime runs of EISCAT VHF data between 120−190 km were analysed in Paper V. It is found that the dominant relative amplitudes in winter daytime are 5-10 times larger than the corresponding daytime MSTIDs amplitudes observed in other seasons. This is consistent with the higher occurrence rate and relative amplitudes of MSTIDs obtained in Papers III and IV, respectively.Tiivistelmä
Tämän väitöskirjan pääaiheena ovat ionosfäärin matkustavat häiriöt (Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, TID), joita tutkitaan useilla mittalaitteilla korkeilta ja matalilta leveysasteilta. Korkeilla leveysasteilla työ keskittyy pääasiassa TID-ilmiöiden esiintymiskäyttäytymiseen ja niitä aiheuttaviin mekanismeihin, kun taas matalilla leveysasteilla tutkimus painottuu TID-ilmiöiden vaikutuksiin pienimuotoisissa ionosfäärin epäsäännöllisyyksissä. Ensimmäisessä artikkelissa havaitaan päiväntasaajalle etenevä TID-tapaus matalilla leveysasteilla Itä-Afrikan sektorilla, joka mahdollisesti sai alkunsa voimakkaista geomagneettisista myrskyistä Pyhän Patrickin päivänä 17. maaliskuuta 2015. Tapaus havaitaan sen moduloidessa tyypillisten iltavirtauksen aikaan esiintyvien tasauspäivän ionosfäärin epäsäännöllisyyksien kuvioita. Seuraavat kolme artikkelia (Artikkelit II- IV) perustuvat Sodankylän ionosondin dataan. Toisessa artikkelissa saavutetaan kyky skaalata ionogrammeja 1 minuutin resoluutiolla 30 minuutin sijaan, rakentamalla ja kouluttamalla syväoppimismalli 13 vuoden Sodankylän ionogrammidatalla ja manuaalisesti skaalatuilla vertailuarvoilla. Testaamalla mallia yhden vuoden riippumattomalla aineistolla, sen suorituskyky arvioidaan seuraavasti: kriittisten taajuuksien foF2, foF1, foE ja foEs keskineliövirheet ovat vastaavasti 0.12 MHz, 0.07 MHz, 0.15 MHz ja 0.33 MHz. Tämä mahdollistaa tilastollisen TID-tutkimuksen 25–100 minuutin jaksoalueella seuraavissa artikkeleissa foF2-datan avulla. Kolmannessa artikkelissa kerätään Sodankylän alueen MSTID-ilmiöiden esiintymisjakaumat kuukausi- ja tuntitasolla. Keskeinen havainto on, että MSTID-ilmiöiden esiintymisprosentit ovat talvipäivisin 52–87 %, kesäöisin 21–59 % ja tasauspäivien iltahämärässä 20–45 %. Talvipäivien MSTID-ilmiöt selitetään pääosin alemmasta ilmakehästä lähtöisin olevien gravitaatioaaltojen laukaisemiksi, kesäöiset MSTID-ilmiöt syntyvät pääosin ionosfäärin sisäisistä prosesseista, ja tasauspäivien iltahämärän MSTID-ilmiöt voivat liittyä ionosfäärin muutoksiin päivän ja yön terminaattorin yhteydessä. Neljäs artikkeli raportoi systemaattisesta lähestymistavasta ratkaista kiistanalaisen riippuvuuden auringon aktiivisuuden ja MSTID-amplitudien välillä. MSTID-ilmiöiden suhteelliset amplitudit ionosfäärin hmF2-korkeuksilla oikaistaan huomioimalla kyseisille korkeuksille arvioituidut neutraalitiheydet. Talvella (noin 0–12 UT) MSTID-amplitudit eivät osoita selvää riippuvuutta F10.7-arvoon, kun taas 14–22 UT välillä havaitaan positiivinen riippuvuus. Tämä viittaa siihen, että alemmasta ilmakehästä peräisin olevien AGW-ilmiöiden aiheuttamat MSTID-ilmiöt eivät merkittävästi riipu auringon aktiivisuudesta. Ymmärtääksemme, miten MSTID-ilmiöt etenevät ylöspäin alemmasta ilmakehästä ja ilmenevät päiväajan F-alueen MSTID-ilmiöihin, viidennessä artikkelissa analysoidaan EISCAT VHF-datan päiväaikaisia elektronitiheysprofiileja korkeuksilla 120–190 km. Analyysistä selviää, että talvipäivien suhteelliset amplitudit ovat 5–10 kertaa suurempia kuin muiden vuodenaikojen päiväaikaiset MSTID-amplitudit. Tämä on johdonmukaista artikkeleissa III ja IV havaittujen korkeampien MSTID esiintymisprosenttien ja suhteellisten amplitudien kanssa
Formation and maintenance of virtual collaboration in inter-organizational projects
No full textAbstract
Purpose:
This study investigates how increased virtuality and remote participation in dispersed project environments affect inter-organizational collaboration and identifies the managerial approaches needed to adapt and maintain effective collaboration throughout the project lifecycle.
Design/methodology/approach:
A qualitative research design was employed to explore and analyze managerial practices in virtual, inter-organizational settings. Data were collected and interpreted to understand key challenges of virtual collaboration and how managers adapt their strategies in response to reduced physical interaction and increased distance between project participants.
Findings:
The study reveals that successful collaboration in virtual project environments requires recognition of the challenges posed by distance and diminished face-to-face contact. It highlights the importance of integrating these factors into project strategy and emphasizes the need for holistic planning and implementation of virtual collaboration mechanisms aligned with project goals.
Originality/value:
This research contributes to project management literature by offering novel and topical insights into how inter-organizational collaboration can be effectively managed and facilitated in increasingly virtual project settings. It highlights the importance of adapting managerial practices to support virtual collaboration in dispersed projects.Abstract
Purpose:
This study investigates how increased virtuality and remote participation in dispersed project environments affect inter-organizational collaboration and identifies the managerial approaches needed to adapt and maintain effective collaboration throughout the project lifecycle.
Design/methodology/approach:
A qualitative research design was employed to explore and analyze managerial practices in virtual, inter-organizational settings. Data were collected and interpreted to understand key challenges of virtual collaboration and how managers adapt their strategies in response to reduced physical interaction and increased distance between project participants.
Findings:
The study reveals that successful collaboration in virtual project environments requires recognition of the challenges posed by distance and diminished face-to-face contact. It highlights the importance of integrating these factors into project strategy and emphasizes the need for holistic planning and implementation of virtual collaboration mechanisms aligned with project goals.
Originality/value:
This research contributes to project management literature by offering novel and topical insights into how inter-organizational collaboration can be effectively managed and facilitated in increasingly virtual project settings. It highlights the importance of adapting managerial practices to support virtual collaboration in dispersed projects
Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: From Biogenesis, Isolation and Molecular Characterization to Addressing Translational Gaps and Regulatory Barriers
No full textAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential mediators of intercellular communication, transporting a complex repertoire of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that mirror the physiological and pathological status of their parent cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EVs from their biogenesis and molecular composition to their translational potential in human disease. This review outlines the major classes of EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and oncosomes, together with recent developments in their isolation, molecular characterization, and omics-based profiling. Special focus is given to the role of EVs in viral infection, inflammation, and immune regulation, as well as their contribution to disease development and cancer biology. Moreover, we highlight the emerging clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in regenerative medicine and oncology, alongside the therapeutic modulation of EV signaling by photobiomodulation (PBM). Finally, we address key translational challenges related to standardization, scalability, and regulatory validation. As exosome-based therapeutics fall under strict FDA and EMA oversight, their translation further depends on harmonized quality controls and robust safety evaluation. By integrating molecular mechanisms with clinical applications, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of EVs as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic tools in precision medicine.Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential mediators of intercellular communication, transporting a complex repertoire of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that mirror the physiological and pathological status of their parent cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EVs from their biogenesis and molecular composition to their translational potential in human disease. This review outlines the major classes of EVs, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and oncosomes, together with recent developments in their isolation, molecular characterization, and omics-based profiling. Special focus is given to the role of EVs in viral infection, inflammation, and immune regulation, as well as their contribution to disease development and cancer biology. Moreover, we highlight the emerging clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in regenerative medicine and oncology, alongside the therapeutic modulation of EV signaling by photobiomodulation (PBM). Finally, we address key translational challenges related to standardization, scalability, and regulatory validation. As exosome-based therapeutics fall under strict FDA and EMA oversight, their translation further depends on harmonized quality controls and robust safety evaluation. By integrating molecular mechanisms with clinical applications, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of EVs as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic tools in precision medicine
Redreaming Europe: The Historical Past and the Speculative Present in Jani Saxell’s Europe Series
No full textAbstract
This chapter explores the tension between a historical past and a speculative present in Finnish author Jani Saxell's Europe series, which to date consists of threevolumes: Unenpäästäjä Florian (2010, “Dream Deliverer Florian”), Sotilasrajan unet (2014, “Dreams of the Military Frontier”), and Tuomiopäivän karavaani (2017, “Doomsday Caravan”). It discusses how intersubjective dreaming allegorically implies a historically determined European political unconscious that has both utopian and dystopian dimensions. It interprets the Europe series as a critical exploration of the ethos and praxis of the European project, but also as indicating a desire to rethink the past, present, and future beyond what is conventionally possible. This chapter discusses the series in the context of ontologically pluralistic literature after postmodernism and explores how the series exemplifies metamodernism, a contemporary structure of feeling that oscillates between modern commitment and postmodern detachment. It proposes that the key narrative device the series deploys to represent the tension between realistic historical narration and the speculative present of the story world is dream narration, a form of metamodern in-betweenness that contributes to the reconstruction of historical understanding and utopian imagination after an era of postmodern deconstruction.Abstract
This chapter explores the tension between a historical past and a speculative present in Finnish author Jani Saxell's Europe series, which to date consists of threevolumes: Unenpäästäjä Florian (2010, “Dream Deliverer Florian”), Sotilasrajan unet (2014, “Dreams of the Military Frontier”), and Tuomiopäivän karavaani (2017, “Doomsday Caravan”). It discusses how intersubjective dreaming allegorically implies a historically determined European political unconscious that has both utopian and dystopian dimensions. It interprets the Europe series as a critical exploration of the ethos and praxis of the European project, but also as indicating a desire to rethink the past, present, and future beyond what is conventionally possible. This chapter discusses the series in the context of ontologically pluralistic literature after postmodernism and explores how the series exemplifies metamodernism, a contemporary structure of feeling that oscillates between modern commitment and postmodern detachment. It proposes that the key narrative device the series deploys to represent the tension between realistic historical narration and the speculative present of the story world is dream narration, a form of metamodern in-betweenness that contributes to the reconstruction of historical understanding and utopian imagination after an era of postmodern deconstruction
The Figure in the Magic Carpet: Structuralism of Literary Fantastic on the Map of Northern Philology
No full textAbstract
This article discusses generic encyclopaedism and philological roots of structuralist criticism of the literary fantastic. My title stems from Henry James's story “The Figure in the Carpet” (1896) as an example of James’ fiction with a critical history divided into opposing lines of interpretation of narrative ambiguity. Tzvetan Todorov's reading (1970) of unresolved ambiguity of the fantastic narrative with James's related novella The Turn of the Screw (1898) as its key example remains a classic of fantasy studies. I take Todorov's “pure fantastic” with the Jamesian “magic carpet” of literary imagination as a starting point in looking at such figuration in James's two stories. I then follow the paradoxical expansion from an evasive boundary of genres (uncanny and marvellous) into generic encyclopaedism in Todorov and his followers (Brooke-Rose, Cornwell, Wendland). Todorov's predecessor Vladimir Propp's criticism of the Finnish school of folklore studies (Julius and Kaarle Krohn, Antti J. Aarne) links structuralism with the northern tradition of nineteenth-century philology. To highlight parallelism between traditions preceding Todorov and after him, I finally look on the Krohn family heritage in Leena Krohn's speculative fiction with its philological and structuralist features.Abstract
This article discusses generic encyclopaedism and philological roots of structuralist criticism of the literary fantastic. My title stems from Henry James's story “The Figure in the Carpet” (1896) as an example of James’ fiction with a critical history divided into opposing lines of interpretation of narrative ambiguity. Tzvetan Todorov's reading (1970) of unresolved ambiguity of the fantastic narrative with James's related novella The Turn of the Screw (1898) as its key example remains a classic of fantasy studies. I take Todorov's “pure fantastic” with the Jamesian “magic carpet” of literary imagination as a starting point in looking at such figuration in James's two stories. I then follow the paradoxical expansion from an evasive boundary of genres (uncanny and marvellous) into generic encyclopaedism in Todorov and his followers (Brooke-Rose, Cornwell, Wendland). Todorov's predecessor Vladimir Propp's criticism of the Finnish school of folklore studies (Julius and Kaarle Krohn, Antti J. Aarne) links structuralism with the northern tradition of nineteenth-century philology. To highlight parallelism between traditions preceding Todorov and after him, I finally look on the Krohn family heritage in Leena Krohn's speculative fiction with its philological and structuralist features
Arktiset olosuhteet ja terveys
No full textArktinen alue muuttuu. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on läsnä ihmisten jokapäiväisessä elämässä, ikirouta ja jäätiköt sulavat, meri on jäätön sekä sadanta ja tuuli ovat erilaisia kuin ennen. Luonto tukee terveyttä ja hyvinvointia, vaikka muuttuneessa ympäristössä ei voida enää toimia kuin ennen. Suurimmat yhteisöjen huolet liittyvät ruoka- ja vesiturvallisuuteen, mielenterveyteen ja globaalin muutoksen mukanaan tuomiin uusiin elinkeinoihin, kuten kaivostoimintaan ja turismiin. Ilmastonmuutos ja ikiroudan sulaminen aiheuttavat taloudellista rasitetta talojen ja teiden vaurioituessa, eläin- ja kasvikunnan muuttumista sekä uudenlaisia riskejä ympäristössä liikkumiseen. Haasteista huolimatta paikallisilla on luja luottamus hyvän elämän jatkumiseen. Heidän, viranomaisten ja tutkijoiden yhteistyötä tarvitaan muutoksien arvioimiseksi kestävän kehityksen tueksi.Arktinen alue muuttuu. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on läsnä ihmisten jokapäiväisessä elämässä, ikirouta ja jäätiköt sulavat, meri on jäätön sekä sadanta ja tuuli ovat erilaisia kuin ennen. Luonto tukee terveyttä ja hyvinvointia, vaikka muuttuneessa ympäristössä ei voida enää toimia kuin ennen. Suurimmat yhteisöjen huolet liittyvät ruoka- ja vesiturvallisuuteen, mielenterveyteen ja globaalin muutoksen mukanaan tuomiin uusiin elinkeinoihin, kuten kaivostoimintaan ja turismiin. Ilmastonmuutos ja ikiroudan sulaminen aiheuttavat taloudellista rasitetta talojen ja teiden vaurioituessa, eläin- ja kasvikunnan muuttumista sekä uudenlaisia riskejä ympäristössä liikkumiseen. Haasteista huolimatta paikallisilla on luja luottamus hyvän elämän jatkumiseen. Heidän, viranomaisten ja tutkijoiden yhteistyötä tarvitaan muutoksien arvioimiseksi kestävän kehityksen tueksi
Spectrum Management Technologies in Mobile Networks
No full textSummary
Spectrum allocation to access points is an elementary function of cellular radio systems. It aims to provide radio frequency interference-free operation and maximize the operator's capacity given the allocated frequency band to the operator. This chapter provides an overview of spectrum management techniques used in cellular mobile radio systems. It is observed that the first steps toward more automated, flexible spectrum management have been taken in practical systems. The sixth-generation (6G) system is expected to continue this trend and therefore advanced possibilities in the 6G spectrum management are discussed. It is assumed that readers are familiar with cellular mobile radio technology and dynamic spectrum access at a general level.Summary
Spectrum allocation to access points is an elementary function of cellular radio systems. It aims to provide radio frequency interference-free operation and maximize the operator's capacity given the allocated frequency band to the operator. This chapter provides an overview of spectrum management techniques used in cellular mobile radio systems. It is observed that the first steps toward more automated, flexible spectrum management have been taken in practical systems. The sixth-generation (6G) system is expected to continue this trend and therefore advanced possibilities in the 6G spectrum management are discussed. It is assumed that readers are familiar with cellular mobile radio technology and dynamic spectrum access at a general level
Total radius BMD correlates with the hip and lumbar spine BMD among post-menopausal patients with fragility wrist fracture in a machine learning model
No full textAbstract
Summary:
Osteoporosis screening should be systematic in the group of over 50-year-old females with a radius fracture. We tested a phantom combined with machine learning model and studied osteoporosis-related variables. This machine learning model for screening osteoporosis using plain radiographs requires further investigation in larger cohorts to assess its potential as a replacement for DXA measurements in settings where DXA is not available.
Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to improve osteoporosis screening, especially in post-menopausal patients with fragility wrist fractures. The secondary objective was to increase understanding of the connection between osteoporosis and aging, as well as other risk factors.
Methods:
We collected data on 83 females > 50 years old with a distal radius fracture treated at Oulu University Hospital in 2019–2020. The data included basic patient information, WHO FRAX tool, blood tests, X-ray imaging of the fractured wrist, and DXA scanning of the non-fractured forearm, both hips, and the lumbar spine. Machine learning was used in combination with a custom phantom.
Results:
Eighty-five percent of the study population had osteopenia or osteoporosis. Only 28.4% of patients had increased bone resorption activity measured by ICTP values. Total radius BMD correlated with other osteoporosis-related variables (age r = − 0.494, BMI r = 0.273, FRAX osteoporotic fracture risk r = − 0.419, FRAX hip fracture risk r = − 0.433, hip BMD r = 0.435, and lumbar spine BMD r = 0.645), but the ultra distal (UD) radius BMD did not. Our custom phantom combined with a machine learning model showed potential for screening osteoporosis, with the class-wise accuracies for “Osteoporotic vs. osteopenic & normal bone” of 76% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion:
We suggest osteoporosis screening for all females over 50 years old with wrist fractures. We found that the total radius BMD correlates with the central BMD. Due to the limited sample size in the phantom and machine learning parts of the study, further research is needed to make a clinically useful tool for screening osteoporosis.Abstract
Summary:
Osteoporosis screening should be systematic in the group of over 50-year-old females with a radius fracture. We tested a phantom combined with machine learning model and studied osteoporosis-related variables. This machine learning model for screening osteoporosis using plain radiographs requires further investigation in larger cohorts to assess its potential as a replacement for DXA measurements in settings where DXA is not available.
Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to improve osteoporosis screening, especially in post-menopausal patients with fragility wrist fractures. The secondary objective was to increase understanding of the connection between osteoporosis and aging, as well as other risk factors.
Methods:
We collected data on 83 females > 50 years old with a distal radius fracture treated at Oulu University Hospital in 2019–2020. The data included basic patient information, WHO FRAX tool, blood tests, X-ray imaging of the fractured wrist, and DXA scanning of the non-fractured forearm, both hips, and the lumbar spine. Machine learning was used in combination with a custom phantom.
Results:
Eighty-five percent of the study population had osteopenia or osteoporosis. Only 28.4% of patients had increased bone resorption activity measured by ICTP values. Total radius BMD correlated with other osteoporosis-related variables (age r = − 0.494, BMI r = 0.273, FRAX osteoporotic fracture risk r = − 0.419, FRAX hip fracture risk r = − 0.433, hip BMD r = 0.435, and lumbar spine BMD r = 0.645), but the ultra distal (UD) radius BMD did not. Our custom phantom combined with a machine learning model showed potential for screening osteoporosis, with the class-wise accuracies for “Osteoporotic vs. osteopenic & normal bone” of 76% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion:
We suggest osteoporosis screening for all females over 50 years old with wrist fractures. We found that the total radius BMD correlates with the central BMD. Due to the limited sample size in the phantom and machine learning parts of the study, further research is needed to make a clinically useful tool for screening osteoporosis