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Rice Residue Burning: It’s issues & Sustainable Management in India: A Review
Get PDFAmong different crops, cereals generate maximum residues (352 Mt), followed by fibres (66 Mt), oilseeds (29 Mt), pulses (13 Mt) and sugarcane (12 Mt). Cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, millets) contribute 70%, while rice crop alone contributes 34% to the crop residues. Rice is grown in more than 100 countries around the world with about 40 countries rice produced more 10-20 lakhs tones of rice and the total rice production in world for year 2022 was 776,461,457 metric tonnes, Rice production also produces the challenges of the management of its residues that is in the form of paddy straw, roots, un-grained paddy and the paddy husk. According to Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistics database, India in 2022 was the highest producing paddy rice followed by china [18]. India, therefore, faces the challenge of management of its rice residues. Rice residue burning is a great concern for environment, animal and human health. The burning of rice crop residue causes atmospheric pollution by emitting trace gases which forms ‘Black Cloud’ adversely affects human health as well as environment. The air pollutants are also a hazard to people’s health particularly to those within local proximity to paddy areas. The literatures and studies reveal losses in mineral and biomass. Nutrient concentration in residue depends on the soil condition, crop management, variety and season. The paper highlights the reasons for burning rice crop residue especially with respect to India and the measures taken to manage them. This paper has been expanded to include an analysis of contemporary government interventions, socio-economic dimensions, and future-oriented strategies for rice residue management in India. By integrating technological advancements, policy frameworks, and farmer-centric practices, this review seeks to present a holistic understanding of sustainable residue management.
KEYWORDS:
Residue Burning, Black Cloud, Pollutants, Rice, Environment, Policy, Sustainability
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN AWARENESS PROGRAM ON THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING WARNING SIGNS OF HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS
Get PDFHigh-risk pregnancies contribute significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of warning signs is essential for timely intervention. However, many antenatal mothers lack awareness of these signs. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an awareness program in improving the knowledge regarding warning signs of high-risk pregnancy among antenatal mothers. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The study was conducted among 150 antenatal mothers selected through purposive sampling at hospital A structured knowledge questionnaire was administered before and after the awareness program. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that in the pretest phase, 72% of mothers had poor knowledge (scoring 0–4), and only 28% had average knowledge (5–8 score). A substantial 64% of mothers achieved a good knowledge level, and 36% scored in the average range in the posttest phase conducted for the experimental group after the educational intervention. Importantly, none of the participants remained in the poor knowledge category. This data clearly indicates that the nurse-led educational intervention provided to the experimental group was effective in significantly improving their understanding of warning signs related to high-risk pregnancy. The awareness program significantly improved the knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding warning signs of high-risk pregnancy. Health education initiatives should be integrated into routine antenatal care to promote maternal and fetal health.
KEYWORDS:
High-risk pregnancy, warning signs, awareness program, antenatal mothers, maternal health
Wheat Productivity and Soil Physicochemical Response Under Organic vs. Chemical Fertilization
Get PDFWheat is a major staple crop essential for global and national food security, and its productivity is strongly influenced by nutrient management practices. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of organic and chemical fertilization on growth performance, yield attributes, grain productivity and soil physicochemical properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety HD-2189. Four nutrient management treatments were evaluated including control (no nutrients), recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (NPK), organic inputs (FYM + vermicompost) and integrated organic inputs combined with biofertilizers (FYM + vermicompost + PSB + Azotobacter). The results indicated that chemical fertilization promoted early vegetative growth and improved grain yield in the initial phase; however, organic fertilization and integrated nutrient management significantly enhanced tiller formation, thousand kernel weight, grain nutritional quality and soil fertility. The integrated organic treatment recorded the highest soil organic carbon, available macro and micronutrients, and superior grain protein and mineral content. In contrast, continuous chemical fertilization showed reduced soil organic carbon and limited improvement in grain quality. The findings suggest that integrated nutrient management practices offer a sustainable approach for maintaining wheat productivity while improving soil health and grain nutritional value over the long term.
KEYWORDS:
Wheat; Organic Fertilization; Chemical Fertilizers; Soil Fertility; Grain Yield; Nutrient Management; Sustainability
Optimizing Pulse Productivity through Phenological Assessment and Stingless Bee Pollination in Gondia District, Maharashtra
No full textPulses are a cornerstone of Indian agriculture, valued for their nutritional contribution, nitrogen fixation, and adaptability to rainfed systems. Despite their importance, pulse yields remain constrained by pollination deficits and seasonal variability. This study documents the phenological diversity of major pulse crops in Gondia District, Maharashtra, and evaluates the effect of stingless bee (Tetragonula pagdeni) pollination on crop productivity. Phenological observations of ten pulse species—Cajanus cajan, Cicer arietinum, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Vigna unguiculata, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, Glycine max, and Lathyrus sativus—were recorded across Kharif, Rabi, and late Rabi seasons. Field experiments compared open pollination with bee-assisted pollination treatments, measuring pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod weight, and 100-seed weight. Statistical analysis using Welch’s t-test revealed significant yield enhancements in most crops under stingless bee pollination, including increases in pod number (e.g., C. cajan: 244.6 ± 10.02 to 289.4 ± 12.31, p < 0.001), pod weight (P. sativum: 4.26 ± 0.93 g to 6.78 ± 1.85 g, p < 0.05), and 100-seed weight (G. max: 18.98 ± 1.00 g to 28.66 ± 0.72 g, p < 0.001). While seed number per pod showed variable responses, overall yield quality and quantity improved consistently, with notable enhancements in seed size, viability, and uniformity. These findings highlight the dual agronomic and ecological benefits of stingless bee pollination in pulses, demonstrating its potential to stabilize crop performance, increase farmer returns, and strengthen food security. The integration of T. pagdeni into pulse-based agroecosystems offers a sustainable strategy to address pollination deficits and enhance agricultural resilience in semi-arid and rainfed regions.
KEYWORDS:
Case report, Alopecia Areata, Autoimmune, Homoeopathy, Pix Liquida, SALT score
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Get PDFAt the present stage of human civilization, education is considered as the main factor of the well-being of society, one of the fundamental human rights and the basis for ensuring other rights, as well as an important condition for peace, tolerance, realization of human potential and sustainable development. In the modern socio-economic situation, the issues of social adaptation of children with developmental disabilities (who need special education), in particular, the formation of their social competencies, are becoming relevant. As for the issue of socialization of students with mental retardation, complex developmental disorders of the child, first of all, prevent the child from entering into full and positive relationships with people around him in accordance with the periods of development. In total, all this affects the slowdown of the child's socialization processes and, as a consequence, his full integration into society as an individual. This article discusses the effectiveness of innovative technologies in helping to socialize students with mental retardation in the process of special education.
KEYWORDS:
Mental retardation, special education, disability, socialization, personality, society, social competencies, socialization processes
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CRISABOROLE LOADED INVASOMAL GEL FOR EFFECTIVE TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT
Get PDFThe present study aimed to develop and characterize a Crisaborole-loaded invasomal gel to enhance topical anti-inflammatory efficacy. Invasomes were prepared using phosphatidylcholine, ethanol, and terpenes by the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on vesicle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation (IN2) exhibited a vesicle size of 185.65 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 82.26 ± 0.36%, indicating uniform and stable vesicle formation. The optimized invasomes were incorporated into a Carbopol gel base to obtain an effective topical delivery system (IG-2). The invasomal gel displayed excellent viscosity (3425 cps), pH (5.8), drug content (99.12%), and good spreadability and extrudability properties, suitable for dermal application. In-vitro drug release studies revealed a sustained release pattern of 96.65% over 12 hours compared to the pure drug, demonstrating improved permeation and prolonged activity. Kinetic analysis showed that the drug release followed first-order kinetics with an R² value of 0.9702, suggesting a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Stability studies indicated that the formulation remained physically and chemically stable over 6 months under refrigerated and ambient conditions. The developed Crisaborole-loaded invasomal gel proved to be a promising, stable, and effective system for topical anti-inflammatory therapy, offering better penetration, sustained release, and patient compliance compared to conventional formulations.
KEYWORDS:
Crisaborole, Invasomes, Phosphatidylcholine, Topical gel, Anti-inflammatory, Entrapment efficiency, Sustained release, Stability study
Communication Behaviour of Mentha Growers in Barabanki and Lucknow Districts of Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFThe study entitled “Communication Behaviour of Mentha Growers in Barabanki and Lucknow Districts of Uttar Pradesh” was carried out to analyse the communication pattern, information sources, and behavioural indices of mentha growers. A total of 200 respondents were purposively selected—100 each from Harakh block of Barabanki district and Gosainganj block of Lucknow district. Primary data were collected through a well-structured interview schedule and analysed using statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and frequency analysis. Findings revealed that most respondents belonged to the middle-age group with medium education and farming experience. Informal communication channels such as progressive farmers, neighbours, and input dealers were more active compared with formal institutional contacts. A majority (60 %) of mentha growers exhibited medium communication behaviour, indicating balanced exposure to traditional and modern information channels.
Keywords
Communication behaviour, Mentha growers, Extension contact, Mass media exposure, Barabanki, Lucknow
Discovering Copper Uptake in Aquatic Organisms by Analytical Chemistry and Study of Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications
Get PDFCopper is an essential trace metal, but in elevated concentrations, it can be toxic to aquatic organisms. Understanding its uptake, bioaccumulation, and ecological effects is crucial for assessing environmental health. The concentrations of heavy metal Copper (accumulation) in Tilapia fish organs (muscle, gills, kidney and liver) were investigated. Fish organs from Varal Devi Lake showed greater concentrations of studied metal than those from the standard value.The amount of copper absorbed by kidney is much higher than the other organs. The order of organs infected by Copper metals are as follows.
Kidney>Liver>Gills = Abdominal Muscles
Kidney and Liver of Tilapia contained the highest concentration of the detected heavy metal, while muscles and gills exhibit the same amount and least amount of absorption. This study were carried out during the Ganesh Chaturti festival period as this lake is used for Idol immersion activity. Tilapia caught from this Lake may pose health hazards for consumers.
KEYWORDS Copper, Fish Organs,Varal Devi Lake, Spectrophotometer
A LIGHTWEIGHT DEEP LEARNING MODEL FOR ACCURATE PLANT DISEASE DETECTION IN REAL-WORLD ENVIRONMENTS
Get PDFPlant diseases significantly reduce agricultural productivity and threaten global food security, particularly in regions dependent on smallholder farming. Recent advances in deep learning have shown promising results in automated plant disease detection; however, many existing models are computationally intensive and perform poorly under real-world field conditions. This research work proposes a lightweight deep learning model for accurate plant disease detection that balances high classification performance with low computational complexity. The model leverages efficient convolutional architectures and attention mechanisms to enhance feature discrimination while maintaining suitability for deployment on resource-constrained devices such as Smartphone’s edge systems. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves competitive accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score across multiple disease classes while significantly reducing inference latency. The results confirm the model’s robustness to variations in illumination, background clutter, and symptom severity, making it practical for real-world agricultural environments. This research work contributes toward scalable, accessible, and cost-effective plant disease diagnosis systems for precision agriculture.rely heavily on routine screenings and heightened awareness of potential warning signs.
KEYWORDS
Deep Learning, Plant Disease Detection, Lightweight CNN, Real-Time Agriculture, Attention Mechanis
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Electrochemical Applications of Cerium oxide, Iron oxide and its Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Get PDFEnergy savings and environmental protection depend critically on the detection and monitoring of exhaust and harmful gases. Metal oxide gas sensors are becoming a more popular option because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, which is driving up demand for low-cost, low-power gas sensors. This research work aims to synthesize and characterize metal oxides, specifically cerium oxide, iron(III) oxide, and CFMMO (Ce-Fe), which is a mixed metal oxide consisting of cerium and iron. The synthesis of nanoparticles is accomplished using the co-precipitation method with a microwave reaction system. The resulting nanoparticles are subsequently characterized utilizing various analytical techniques such as FT-IR, UV-VIS (DRS), FE-SEM, EDAX, AFM, and XRD analysis. The XRD pattern confirmed the cubic fluorite structure of CeO2. In order to investigate the utilization of cerium oxide, iron(III) oxide and cerium iron mixed metal oxides (CFMMO) are used to recognizes of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide with the help of electrochemical method. The binding behavior of metal oxides and ovalbumin were investigated using UV-visible adsorption and fluorescence spectral techniques. The binding constant (Kb), Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv), and fluorophore quenching rate constant (kq) were calculated with the help of spectral data. Using the disc diffusion technique, research has been carried out to investigate the exceptional antibacterial activities of prepared metal oxides and mixed metal oxides against the different bacterial strains