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QUALITATIVEANDQUANTITATIVESTUDYOFPHYTO-COMPOUND PRESENTINROOTSOFCLITORIATERNATEAUSING SPECTROSCOPYANDCHROMATOGRAPHICTECHNIQUES
Get PDFThe present studywas undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical profile, thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)characteristics,andtotalphenolicandflavonoidcontentofrootextractsofClitoriaternatea.Successiveextractionwas carriedout usingsolventsof increasingpolarity (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, anddistilledwater).Theextractivevalues indicatedmaximumyieldwithaqueous (7.25%w/w) andethanolic(6.67%w/w)solvents, suggesting a predominance of polar constituents. Preliminaryphytochemical screening revealed thepresence of flavonoids, phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins, and diterpenes indifferent extracts, withflavonoidsbeingconsistentlydetectedinethylacetate,ethanol,andaqueousextracts.TLCanalysisconfirmedthepresenceofmultipleflavonoidcomponents,withethanolandethylacetateextractsshowingthehighestdiversityand quercetin-like compounds (Rf ≈ 0.63). Quantitative estimation demonstrated that the ethanolic extractcontained thehighest phenolic (1.04mg/100mg) and flavonoid (1.65mg/100mg) content, followedby theaqueousextract(flavonoids:1.41mg/100mg).Thesefindingssuggest thatethanolisthemostefficientsolventforextractingphenolicandflavonoidconstituentsfromClitoriaternatearoots,highlightingitspotential for furtherpharmacologicalandtherapeuticinvestigation
MachineLearning-PoweredDiagnosisofCoralReefDiseaseFactorsUsing PCAandFF-ANNTechniques
Get PDFCoral reefs representoneof themostvitalmarineecosystems, supportingawiderangeofaquaticlife.However, risingoceantemperaturesandenvironmentalfluctuationsincreasinglythreatentheirsurvival.Thesechangesnotonlydamagethecoralsthemselvesbutalsodisruptthenumerousorganismsthatdependonthem.Toensureeffectiveconservation,itiscrucialtoidentify and analyse the factors responsible for coral diseases. This study focuses onpredictingthecausalagentsofcoralreefdiseasesusingadata-drivenapproach.Theproposedmodel investigatestwotypesofdatasets:metagenomicsequencedataassociatedwithlesionsofCoralPatch(CP)andBlackBandDisease(BBD),andmetatranscriptomicdatacapturingthebiologicalactivitywithinCPandBBDlesions.Bothdatasetscontainvaryingoccurrencesof the twodisease conditions, enabling a comprehensive examinationof the underlyingmicrobialcontributors.Twocomputationaltechniques—PrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA)and Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks (FF-ANN)—are employed to enhanceprediction performance. PCA is used for dimensionality reduction, extracting themostinformative features, while the FF-ANN utilizes a multilayer perceptron withbackpropagation toclassify theorganisms responsible for coral infectionsand identify themost severedisease impacts.Experimental resultsdemonstrate that theproposedPCA–FFANNframeworkoutperformsconventionalSVMandCNNmodels,offeringamoreeffectivesolutionfordiagnosingcoralreefdiseasecausality
IoT-Enabled Smart Laboratory Architectures for Advancing Experimental Methodologies in Communication and Embedded Systems
Get PDFThe rapid convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems, and communication technologies has fundamentally reshaped the design and operation of modern laboratories. Traditional laboratory environments, often constrained by manual configurations, limited scalability, and static experimentation workflows, are increasingly inadequate for addressing the complexity of contemporary communication and embedded system research. In response, this study conceptualises and examines IoT-enabled smart laboratory architectures as a transformative paradigm for advancing experimental methodologies. The proposed architecture integrates sensor networks, embedded controllers, cloud-based platforms, and intelligent communication interfaces to enable real-time data acquisition, remote experimentation, adaptive control, and automated performance evaluation. By embedding intelligence at both the device and network layers, smart laboratories facilitate higher experimental accuracy, reproducibility, and operational efficiency while significantly reducing human intervention and resource wastage. The paper further discusses how such architectures enhance collaborative research, support large-scale experimentation, and enable continuous monitoring and optimisation of laboratory processes. Through a systematic architectural analysis and application-driven discussion, this study highlights the role of IoT-enabled smart laboratories in accelerating innovation, strengthening experimental rigour, and redefining research practices in communication and embedded systems engineering. The findings underscore that smart laboratory ecosystems are not merely incremental upgrades, but foundational infrastructures for next-generation experimental research.
Keywords:
IoT-enabled laboratories; Smart laboratory architecture; Embedded systems; Communication systems; Remote experimentation; Cyber-physical systems; Intelligent instrumentation; Experimental automatio
Active Fix Lite: A Time-Efficient Auto Encoder Based Non-FIFO Sliding Window Aggregation Approach for Real-Time Analytics
Get PDFIn the fast dynamic digital world, the progress of stream processing technology experiences a dramatic shift in business operations transforming from a delayed periodic analysis to a continuous real-time insight on the fly. The ability to process this “data inmotion “has had a significant impact on all the real-time applications. Stream processing marks its foot print in almost all the application use cases like real-time fraud detection, prediction maintenance, enhanced customer experience, dynamic pricing and so on.Instream processing, First-In First-Out (FIFO) and non-FIFO streams are the two basic paradigms for the data to be processed challengingly based on the arrival order. Statistical stream aggregation is a crucial process in business analytics that summarizes and calculates high volume data using Sliding Window Aggregation (SWAG) techniques. In stream processing, there is a frequent possibility of occurrence of non-FIFO streams due to network issues. This research work introduces a time-efficient non-FIFO SWAG, Active Fix Lite which is an invariant of Active Fix technique that handles non-FIFO streams for a statistical stream aggregation process utilizing auto encoders as a dimensionality reduction tool to reduce the computational load that will be beneficial for streaming applications.
KEYWORDS
Sliding window aggregation, Non-FIFO streams, Auto encoder, Dimensionality reduction, Check point
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of derivatized xylan-based pH-sensitive green adsorbent hydrogels for potential sustainable and targeted delivery of drugs
Get PDFDerivatives of xylans, namely carboxymethyl xylans (CMX), have garnered scientific interest for their potential application as raw materials in the synthesis of biodegradable pH-sensitive green adsorbent hydrogels. The hydrogels were successfully synthesized, as verified by FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrogel with CMX to AA and a weight-by-weight ratio of 1:5 exhibited a maximum swelling percentage of 1534 ± 15.5% in distilled water, maximum porosity (94.26 ± 4.32%), exceptional mechanical strength, and favorable in vitro degradation patterns (12.39 ± 2.46%), which are useful in identifying optimal hydrogels for sustained and targeted drug delivery. The gel-mass fractions were measured to ascertain the physical properties of the gel. Pore diameters were morphologically examined using a scanning electron microscope. This synthesized hydrogel is expected to serve as a powerful substrate for drug delivery and may possess considerable potential in materials science and therapeutic applications.
KEYWORDS:
Xyaln; Carboxymethyl xyaln (CMX); FTIR Spectroscopy; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Mechanical Strength; Porosit
Effect of Biofertilizers on Benefit & Cost Ratio of Dragon fruit
Get PDFThe present investigation entitled “Studies on natural farming in Dragon Fruit [Hylocereus costaricensis (Web.) Britton and Rose]” was carried out during the year 2023-24 and 2024-25 at Main Experiment Station, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The treatments comprised of the spraying of different biofertilizers (FYM, Vermicompost, Panchgavya, Amritpani and Jeevamrit) to study benefit and cost ratio of dragon fruit. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with Seven treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of seven treatments treatments (T1- Control, T2- FYM + Panchgavya, T3- FYM + Amritpani, T4- FYM + Jeevaamrit, T5- Vermicompost + Panchgavya, T6- Vermicompost + Amritpani and T7- Vermicompost + Jeevaamrit) were used for this study. The highest benefit and cost ratio found in treatment T5- Vermicompost + Panchgavya and lowest observed in T1
Characters association and path analysis Studies in colored pericarp sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to elucidate the interrelationships among grain quality attributes and drought-responsive traits in colored pericarp sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The objective of the study is to identify the key components contributing to overall grain quality improvement. A diverse set of genotypes was evaluated under field conditions during rabi 2019–20, and genotypic correlation and path coefficient analyses were carried out. Character association revealed that grain yield per plant showed significant positive associations with days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primaries per panicle, panicle length, panicle width, days to physiological maturity, threshability, and fodder yield per plant, while panicle type, grain color, and 100-seed weight exhibited non-significant but positive associations. These results indicate the relevance of these traits in breeding programmes aimed at enhancing yield potential in sorghum. Path coefficient analysis further demonstrated that traits such as days to 50% flowering, panicle type, panicle length, panicle width, days to physiological maturity, threshability, grain color, and fodder yield exerted positive direct effects on grain yield, suggesting that selection based on these traits would be highly effective. Several traits, including plant height, number of primaries per panicle, panicle length, panicle width, grain color, and fodder yield, exhibited high heritability coupled with positive genotypic correlations with grain yield, indicating the potential for their simultaneous improvement through simple selection. Although glume color displayed a negative association with grain yield, genetic improvement of this trait alongside yield remains feasible by disrupting undesirable linkages through random mating in segregating generations. Overall, the findings highlight kernel hardness, grain density, and other positively associated traits as promising selection criteria for developing nutritionally superior and drought-adaptive sorghum cultivars suitable for dryland agro-ecosystems.
KEYWORDS
Sorghum, colored pericarp, trait association, multivariate analysis, grain quality,drought toleranc
Effectiveness of a Training Programme on Knowledge Regarding ABG Sampling Technique and Its Interpretation Among ICU Nurses in Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana
Get PDFArterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis is an essential investigation in intensive care units (ICUs) for assessing patients’ oxygenation, ventilation, and acid–base balance. Nurses working in ICUs play a key role in ABG sampling and are often the first healthcare professionals to interpret the results; therefore, adequate knowledge and skill are crucial to avoid pre-analytical errors and misinterpretation that may compromise patient safety. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a structured training programme on knowledge regarding ABG sampling technique and its interpretation among ICU nurses. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was adopted. The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Gurugram, Haryana, among 100 ICU nurses selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured and validated knowledge questionnaire covering aspects of ABG sampling, normal values, and interpretation. Following the pre-test, a structured training programme was administered to the participants, and post-test knowledge was assessed after the intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic variables and knowledge scores, while inferential statistics such as paired t-test and chi-square test were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme and the association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. The findings of the study revealed a significant improvement in post-test knowledge scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of the structured training programme. Significant associations were also observed between pre-test knowledge levels and selected demographic variables such as educational qualification and prior exposure to ABG-related training. The study concludes that structured and systematic training programmes are effective in enhancing ICU nurses’ knowledge regarding ABG sampling technique and interpretation. Regular in-service education and competency-based training are recommended to strengthen critical care nursing practice, reduce procedural errors, and improve patient outcomes in intensive care settings.
Keywords Arterial Blood Gas; ABG sampling technique; ABG interpretation; ICU nurses; training programme; nursing education
Diversity and Habitat Preferences of Odonata in Agricultural Landscapes of Gaya, Bihar, India
Get PDFA comprehensive survey of Odonata species diversity across agricultural landscapes in Gaya revealed 25 species from 4 families, with distinct patterns of abundance and distribution across habitat types. Dragonflies (Anisoptera) were represented by 16 species, with the family Libellulidae being the most diverse, while damselflies (Zygoptera) accounted for 9 species, primarily from the Coenagrionidae family. Diversity indices indicated high species richness in habitats with permanent water, particularly in irrigated croplands (Shannon-Wiener H' = 3.07), while fallow lands showed the lowest diversity (H' = 2.1). Odonata species were most abundant in irrigated croplands (51% of species), followed by rainfed croplands (37%) and fallow lands (12%). Seasonal variations also influenced species richness, with peak diversity during the monsoon and lowest richness in winter. Multivariate analysis revealed key environmental factors shaping Odonata diversity, including water availability (r = 0.81, p < 0.01), vegetation cover, and proximity to water bodies. Sensitive species like Ceriagrion coromandelianum and Copera marginipes were associated with undisturbed habitats, while generalists such as Pantala flavescens adapted to both disturbed and undisturbed environments. The study highlights the role of irrigated croplands as biodiversity hotspots and suggests the use of Odonata as ecological indicators in agricultural landscapes, where water availability and habitat structure are crucial determinants of species composition
Traditional Investigation of Bacterial Pathogens in Urine of Adult Cows
Get PDFBacterial infections can have severe effects on the body systems of animals and humans, and reducing the growth rate and increasing the morbidity and mortality of cattle. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the health problems that cows suffering from it in most countries, and consider as the second most common disease after respiratory tract infection. This study aims to identifying the pathogenic bacteria implicated in occurrence of UTIs in cattle of Wasit province (Iraq). Totally, 135 urine samples were collected from female cattle including 86 samples from those does not calving previously and 49 urine samples from cows calving for one time. The results showed there were 81.4% of positive isolates distributed among 39 first calving, and 71 non-calving cows. The percentage of types of bacterial infection were 31.8%, 18.2%, 14.5%, 12.7%, 12.7%, and 10% for Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In conclusion, this variety of bacterial infections is important in treatment process, preserving the animal, reducing the risk of reproductive infections, and controlling UTIs in cows, especially before and after calving