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PREVALENCE AND ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN RURAL OF KHEDA, GUJARAT
Get PDFAim: Goal of the present study was to survey the prevalence of early childhood caries and assess its risk factors in children from rural areas of Kheda, Gujarat.Methodology: Study sample comprised 433 children of both sexes from the age group of 2 to 6 years from 12 rural primary schools and Anganwadi’s of Kheda, Gujarat. The selection of the sample was random. A structured questionnaire was asked to children through their class teachers before conducting the examination. The form included information about their child’s basic personal details, parental occupational status and type of living, their dishes of interest, feeding habits, tooth-brushing habits, and awareness about dental treatment.Results: Study surveyed 433 children aged 2–6 years in rural Kheda, Gujarat, to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and its associated risk factors. The mean age of participants was 4.59 ± 0.97 years, with a median age of 5 years (IQR: 4–5). The overall prevalence of ECC was 33.3%, affecting 144 children, while 289 children remained caries-free.Conclusion: Cross-sectional study of 433 children aged two to six years from rural Kheda, Gujarat, highlights early childhood caries (ECC) as a significant oral health concern, with an overall prevalence of 33.3%
A Review on Waste Water Treatment in Rural Areas Using Easily Accessible Plants
Get PDFBackground- River water quality and rising water treatment costs are caused by development of land and excessive discharge from storms during the rainy seasons the natural waterfalls on the mountain are blending with the waters. Humans have conserved this water, which eventually turns into sewage and completes the hydrological cycle. Natural streams become polluted as a result of industrialization, urbanization, population development, and other causes that lower their quality, such as sewage from homes, cities, institutions, hospitals, and businesses. The ecosystem and human health are at risk from contaminated streams. As much as possible, natural materials must be used in the process of coagulation-flocculation.Objective- One of the most effective basic chemical treatments is coagulation. Techniques that could be applied to get rid of these pollutants. Natural coagulants have grown in popularity in the water and wastewater treatment industry due to their benefits over chemical coagulants Sector Microbes, plants, and animals all contain natural coagulants. The only treatment available is natural coagulants, but this is insufficient due to the increased limitations on how they work. Actually under these constrained conditions, they are being grown just as successfully as chemical coagulants thanks to technological developments and thorough research.Finding-This study examines a variety of coagulants, particularly those with a natural basis, that are employed in the process coagulation-flocculation of wastewater treatment. This review study also discusses the possibilities of naturebased materials as aids and as coagulants
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BHADALWADI LAKE ALGAL BIODIVERSITY
Get PDFBhadalwadi Lake in Indapur Tehsil, Pune district, Maharashtra, has been chosen to be the site of a study on the algal diversity in freshwater habitat. During the 24 months from June 2022 to May 2024, the investigation was conducted. In present investigation, Algae belonging to 29 genera were found to have 36 species. 36 species represent the four classes of algae. Chlorophyceae and Cyanophycean members were found dominant followed by Bacillariophyceae. One member of the Euglenophyceae, Euglena proxima Dangeard, is the most abundant during the summer. Chlorophyceae members mostly found in rainy and winter season whereas Cyanophycean and Bacillariophyceae found in summer season mainly. There were many different types of algae present in Bhadalwadi Lake, both in terms of number and quality. The species of Oedogonium, Hydrodictyon, Ankistrodesmus, Spirogyra, Zygnema, Navicula Nitzschia, Chroococcus, Merismopedia, Spirulina, Phormidium, Nostoc and Scytonema were dominant in Bhadalwadi Lake. Stigeoclonium, Trebauxia, Characium, Pediastrum, Ankistrodesmus, Amphora, Gyrosigma, Arthrospora, Lyngbya, Plectonema present not as much of dominant species. Spirulina shows maximum species diversity i.e. 8.33%, followed by Oedogonium, Navicula, Chroococcus & Lyngbya 5.55%. The preliminary investigation shows Bhadalwadi Lake is rich with the members of Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae
A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers related to poisoning among under five children in selected hospital, Chennai
Get PDFIntroduction: Mothers' knowledge about poisoning is significantly influenced by their educational background, socio-economic status, and the age of their children. Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers related to poisoning among under five children in selected hospital, Chennai. Methodology: This study employed a descriptive design. The study was conducted at a selected hospital in Chennai, with a total of 120 mothers of children aged below five years participating in the study. A convenient sampling technique was used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria, which included mothers of children aged below five years who were willing to participate in the study. Mothers of children older than five years or those unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. Results: The study assessed mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding poisoning in children under five years. The results revealed that 66.67% of mothers demonstrated good knowledge, 75% had a positive attitude, and 70.83% followed good safety practices. However, 25% of mothers exhibited average levels in all three areas, and 8.33% displayed poor knowledge, negative attitudes, and inadequate practices. The correlation analysis showed positive relationships between knowledge and attitude, and between attitude and practice, indicating that better knowledge leads to more positive attitudes and safer practices. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of mothers have good knowledge, positive attitudes, and follow appropriate safety practices regarding poisoning prevention in young children, there is still room for improvement
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF PAIN AND ITS IMPACT IN QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENT WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS IN SELECTED HOSPITAL, CHENNAI
Get PDFIntroduction: Osteoarthritis represents a significant cause of chronic pain and disability, substantially impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding the dietary practices among osteoarthritis patients in selected hospital, Chennai. Methodology: This descriptive study aimed to assess pain levels and quality of life among 120 osteoarthritis patients in a selected hospital in Chennai. Participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique from the OPD and wards. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 35 years and above, diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and who provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria were patients with severe comorbid conditions affecting pain perception or quality of life, and those undergoing surgical treatment for osteoarthritis. Results: The study revealed that 41.7% of osteoarthritis patients experienced moderate pain, 33.3% reported mild pain, and 25% had severe pain. Regarding quality of life, 41.7% of patients rated it as fair, 33.3% considered it good, and 25% reported a poor quality of life. The correlation analysis showed a moderate negative relationship between pain levels and quality of life, with a correlation coefficient of -0.65. Conclusion: the study highlights the significant impact of pain on the quality of life among osteoarthritis patients. A moderate negative correlation was found between pain levels and quality of life, indicating that higher pain levels are associated with a decrease in quality of life
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON LEAVES OF Triumfetta rotundifolia LAM
Get PDFTriumfetta rotundifolia Lam. (Malvaceae) is annual, erect, woody and hairy, under shrub found on gravely soil and on wasteland. Leaves were found to be medicinally used by Banjara Tribe of Vidarbha Region (M.S.) on eye infection, typhoid and in post delivery problems. Anatomical and phytochemical studies of leaves were carried out. The phytochemical analysis was conducted to examine 16 types of bioactive molecules. The investigation revealed the presence of β-naphthol, flavones, flavanol, leucoanthocyanin, tannin, triterpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and digitoxose. Additionally, ash analysis was performed to assess minerals such as chromium, sodium, iron, zinc, calcium, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel, and potassium, both qualitatively and quantitatively
Development of Professional Competence of Future Psychologists in Providing Psychological Assistance to Children and Adolescents with Psychological Trauma: An Integrative Approach Informed by Human Psychology and Zoological Perspectives
Get PDFThis study explores the development of professional competence among future psychologists providing psychological assistance to children and adolescents experiencing psychological trauma. It examines the essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for effective trauma-informed care. Utilizing a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews and focus groups with psychology students (n=40) and practicing psychologists (n=40), the research identifies key competencies and challenges. The findings highlight the necessity of specialized knowledge (including trauma-informed practices and evidence-based interventions), practical skills (like rapport-building and culturally sensitive communication), and personal attributes (such as empathy and self-reflection). Integrating insights from human psychology with broader biological perspectives on stress and development, partly informed by comparative research documented in comprehensive databases like Zoological Record, can enrich psychologist training. The results contribute to enhancing training programs to better prepare future psychologists for addressing the complex biopsychosocial needs of traumatized youth
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHER WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN SELECTED HOSPITAL IN CHENNAI
Get PDFIntroduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Aim of the study: The aim of the study to assess the Prevalence of depression and anxiety among antenatal mother with gestational diabetes mellitus in selected hospital in Chennai. Methodology: The present study adopted a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Chennai. The required sample size for the study was calculated as 160. Using a convenience sampling technique, the sample was selected from antenatal mothers diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) attending the antenatal outpatient department (OPD) at the selected hospital. Pregnant women without GDM and those with other complications were excluded from the study. Results: The study found that among the 160 antenatal mothers with GDM, 37.5% experienced normal levels of anxiety, 25% had borderline anxiety, 18.75% showed moderate anxiety, and 18.75% had severe anxiety. In terms of depression, 43.75% of participants had normal levels, 31.25% were borderline, and 12.5% each experienced moderate and severe depression. A strong positive correlation of 0.75 was observed between anxiety and depression, suggesting that higher anxiety levels were strongly associated with increased depression levels among the study participants. Conclusion: The study's findings reveal a considerable prevalence of anxiety and depression among antenatal mothers with GDM, with a significant correlation between these two conditions
Isolation of Bacteriophages against Enterobacteria spp. Isolated from Poultry Waste
Get PDFThe increasing occurrences of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in poultry poses a significant challenge to the poultry industry, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. This study explores the potential of bacteriophage therapy as a biocontrol measure against Enterobacteria spp infections in poultry. Enterobacterium is a major pathogen responsible for economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, two Enterobacter isolates were obtained from poultry waste samples, characterized using cultural, morphological, biochemical characters and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Four lytic bacteriophages were isolated from poultry waste samples and were studied to determine their lytic ability against host Enterobacter. The most potent lytic phage was selected, purified and enriched for further studies. The potent lytic ability of selected phage demonstrated that these phages specifically target and lyse their corresponding Enterobacteria spp hosts, suggesting their potential as a substitute to antibiotics for managing bacterial infections in poultry. This study highlights the viability of phage therapy as a sustainable and active approach to combating antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteria spp strains in poultry farming
Evaluation of the Effect of a Dental Simulation App on Anxiety in Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing Restorative Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFAim: This study aimed to explore the impact of a dental treatment simulation app on anxiety levels in pediatric dental patients.Materials and Methods: A total of thirty children, aged 4 to 8 years old and without previous dental experiences, were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (Group I) and the dental app group (Group II). Anxiety levels were assessed before and after restorative dental treatment using the RMS pictorial scale (RMS-PS).Results: Both groups displayed similar initial anxiety levels. However, post-treatment analysis revealed that the dental app group experienced a significant reduction in anxiety compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the simulation app effectively alleviates dental anxiety in children.Conclusion: The dental treatment simulation app proves to be effective in reducing both pre- and postoperative anxiety in pediatric patients, potentially improving their overall dental experience