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US-Mexico Relations: Addressing Challenges at the Border
No full textMexico’s president-elect Claudia Sheinbaum will begin her six-year term in October as the U.S. presidential campaign enters its final stretch. How the next U.S. administration and Congress manage relations with new leadership in Mexico will affect border security, immigration policies, trade and energy relations, and counter-narcotics and anti-crime cooperation. What tools can policymakers in both countries use to advance positive outcomes? What are the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for the United States and Mexico?
The Brookings Foreign Policy program in partnership with Brookings Mountain West at UNLV hosted a discussion on the state of U.S.-Mexico relations. Panelists analyzed how the next administration and Congress plan to navigate these issues with Mexico.
This event was part of Brookings’ Election ’24: Issues at Stake, an initiative aimed to bring public attention to consequential policy issues confronting voters and policymakers in the run up to the 2024 election. This includes equipping leaders with insights and policy ideas to help them govern in 2025 and beyond
Maltreatment and Resilience: Examining the Unique Roles of Threat and Deprivation
No full textBackground and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the involvement that maltreatment type, specifically threat and deprivation, play in a child’s life. We examine how threat uniquely contributes to resilience and how deprivation impacts resilience. Literature has highlighted differences in the effects of deprivation and threat in recent research that shows the impact on various neurological systems.
Methods and approach: Participants included youth aged 11-17 years in the Department of Family Services (DFS) custody following removal from their home after substantiated child maltreatment and were assessed. 90 of the youth in the sample reported that they have experienced threat-based maltreatment, and 62 reported that they had experienced deprivation based maltreatment. Maltreatment history was gathered using the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI)4. Interpersonal functioning was measured using the Sense of Relatedness subscale of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA)5.
Results: In the sample of maltreated youth, those who had experienced neglect compared to those who had not experienced neglect demonstrated no differences across variables of the resiliency scales. This suggests that despite differences in neurological effects, among multiple scales of the RSCA assessment, nothing significant was found in the maltreatment type of neglect, however, significance was found among maltreated youth. For youth with a history of abuse, there are lower relatedness scores compared to youth without a history of abuse but had experienced some form of maltreatment. This suggests that threat-based maltreatment has a greater impact on relatedness factors than deprivation-based maltreatment.
Conclusion & broader implications: Deprivation-based maltreatment has an impact on relatedness factors that goes above and beyond the effects observed in maltreated youth as a whole whereas threat-based maltreatment has a direct impact on resiliency scales as a whole. The neurological effects of maltreatment have been found to mediate the relationship between maltreatment and resilience factors. However, limited research has investigated the unique impacts of threat and deprivation based treatment on resilience. Understanding these differences is crucial for tailoring interventions and support services to address the unique needs of children who have experienced different forms of adversity.https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/durep_posters/1251/thumbnail.jp
Establishing the Validity and Reliability of the Astroskin® Biometric Shirt
No full textTopics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 5: Issue 1, Article 4, 2024. Biometric garments such as the Astroskin® biometric shirt (Carre Technologies, Montreal, PQ) may be useful for non-invasively monitoring human physiology in a number of applied settings. The Astroskin® biometric shirt measures and records continuous heart rate (HR), blood oxygenation (SPO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiratory rate (RR). The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Astroskin® biometric shirt. This was achieved through comparing the Astroskin® with a commercially available hospital-grade cardiac monitor, the corpuls3® (Stemple GmbH, Kaufering, Germany) for the following variables: HR, SBP and SPO2. A convenience sample of 24 participants were recruited to participate in two separate data collection sessions. Five did not participate in the second data collection session. Participants were monitored using the Astroskin® while instrumented with the corpuls3® monitor. For both sessions, data were recorded at approximately 1.5-minute intervals over a 22-minute period while the participant was seated comfortably in a chair. Validity of the Astroskin® was assessed by examining mean average percentage error (MAPE) and Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient against pre-established criteria, while Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the two tools. Reliability between the two sessions was compared using intra-class correlations. The Astroskin® was shown to be extremely valid for HR and performed well for BP and the two systems showed comparable reliability over time. With SPO2 the MAPE and bias were good, but concordance was low, and the Astroskin® was not as reliable as the corpuls3®. Results indicated that the Astroskin® biometric shirt was a valid instrument compared to the corpuls3® monitor utilising participants in a sedentary setting. More research is recommended for the Astroskin® in a variety of applied settings to confirm its validity
The Safety Net Should Work for Working Age Adults
No full textThis lecture focuses attention on a population that is ill-served by the safety net but rarely acknowledged: low-income, working-age adults without dependents or government-determined disabilities. In this lecture, Brookings Scholar Lauren Bauer, a former Special Assistant in the Office of the Secretary at the US Department of Education, argues that a safety net that is inaccessible to ABAWDs (able-bodied adults without dependents) fails to recognize the precarious state of the low-wage labor market or how safety-net programs allow these workers to remain in the workforce. By modernizing the parameters of who qualifies for access to safety-net programs, assistance can be made available for low-income, working age Americans who have a vital, but often invisible role in the economy
How COVID-19 Changed Us: Compassion, Leadership, and Policy
No full textNevada was one of the hardest hit states during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the past three years, researchers at The Lincy Institute and other institutions collected interviews from 80 Nevada leaders across sectors including elected officials, leaders in education, community organizations, government agencies, and the business community. Four years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our communities continue to build a resilient and healthy Nevada. This forum discusses how the crisis prompted us to rethink how we lead and how we can prepare for future challenges. Following a presentation of the project and its deliverables, leaders across sectors discuss lessons learned and opportunities for collaboration to enhance responsiveness
How and Why Foster Care Impacts Maltreated Youths\u27 School Performance
No full textYouth mistreated within the foster care system are more likely to miss school as compared to non-maltreated peers. A single report of child maltreatment has a rapid and negative effect on school attendance and causes serious, long-term effects on school performance. A report of maltreatment substantiated by the department of family and child services removes a youth from a foster home and places the child in an alternative setting. These disruptions in foster care often result in additional problems with school behavior, achievement, and attendance. This lecture will explore how disruptions in foster care affect school behavior and performance and will offer a series of actions and policy recommendations to increase educational support for our most at risk youth in Nevada
The Biltmore Forest School and the Establishment of Forestry Education in America
No full textThe Biltmore Forest School, despite its unusual existence within the affluent Biltmore Estate, played a crucial role in the early 20th-century American forestry movement. Founded by Carl A. Schenck and supported by George Vanderbilt II, the school aimed to educate foresters and promote sustainable forest management. However, many aspects of the Biltmore experiment failed due to the new and untested nature of forestry science in America. This experiment exposed a fundamental divide in forestry education, with Gifford Pinchot advocating for conservation-centered teaching while Schenck believed in the economic viability of lumber production. Ultimately, the Biltmore Forest School offered valuable vocational education for young men but could not address the broader goals of forestry education. The emergence of other forestry schools in the early 20th century led to the school\u27s demise. The larger purpose of forestry education was rooted in scientific forestry, focusing on profitable production, renewable yield, and forest improvement, principles echoed in modern forest conservation efforts. The Biltmore Forest School closed in 1914 due to low enrollment. That same year, George Vanderbilt died. His widow Edith eventually sold the forest, which grew to 500,000 acres, to the United States Forest Service. Edith Vanderbilt\u27s vision of private forest land as a public trust contributed to the establishment of Pisgah National Forest, preserving the pioneering work of Vanderbilt, Schenck, and Pinchot in forest conservation for the benefit of the American people
Property Taxes in Mountain West Cities, 2022
No full textThis fact sheet examines data on homestead, apartment building, and commercial property tax rates for five cities in the Mountain West: Phoenix, AZ; Denver, CO; Las Vegas, NV; Albuquerque, NM; and Salt Lake City, UT). The fact sheet compares the average tax bill for homestead properties and median home values reported in “50-State Property Tax Comparison Study For Taxes Paid in 2022,” an August 2023 report from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and Minnesota Center for Fiscal Excellence
Exploring the Mechanistic Trail Connecting Cellular Function, Health, and Athletic Performance With Phase Angle: A Review on the Physiology of Phase Angle and Exercise-Based Interventions
No full textTopics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 5: Issue 1, Article 7, 2024. Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) has been widely used in clinical and sports settings, as it is positively associated with health and fitness. However, what PhA is measuring at the cellular level has not been addressed, which limits our interpretation of PhA. The purpose of this review is to provide a roadmap, starting with the mechanistic link between the dielectric properties of mammalian cells and their physiological function. In simplistic terms, PhA measures cellular permittivity and electrical conductivity. These characteristics determine cellular health and function. This theory is the crux of how PhA relates to physiological function. One of the foundational assumptions is that PhA is affected by cellular membrane integrity. Intact cell membranes are essential for proper cellular function, namely cell-to-cell communication and intracellular signaling. This also relates to the quality of neuromuscular communication, or the ability of the neural system to control motor output, which accounts for the increased PhA values after exercise training. This paper summarizes the most recent reports of PhA in relation to exercise training and status, disease, age, and sex. Also, we offer future avenues of research that will help to understand how to best utilize and interpret PhA. By matching the relevant background information about cellular changes that occur with health or disease to PhA values, researchers and clinicians will better understand the assumptions when using bioelectrical impedance-derived PhA. Overall, this review provides practitioners with insight into what changes in PhA could mean in terms of cellular health and function
Top Tier 2.0: UNLV Academic Health
No full textUNLV Academic Health is essential to creating a healthier Nevada. UNLV’s health science schools, along with programs in behavioral and mental health, are working together as they continue their forward trajectory. These efforts produce a practice-ready workforce, provide interprofessional care for all, and advance research and discovery, all of which make a lasting impact on our community.https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/top_tier_focus/1032/thumbnail.jp