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Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies And Production Efficiency Of Multinational Firms In Nairobi, Kenya
No full textPurpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the sustainable manufacturing strategies commonly used by multinational firms in Nairobi and to establish the relationship between sustainable manufacturing strategies and production efficiency of multinational firms in Nairobi, Kenya. Design/Research method: This study used a descriptive research design. The target population consisted of 164 manufacturing firms. The quantitative data collected was analysed by the use of descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). A regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship between manufacturing strategy and production efficiency. Finding: The manufacturing multinational firms adopted total quality management, production planning & control and plant & equipment maintenance strategies which contribute a major part of the production efficiency of multinational firms in Nairobi. The study concludes that most of the manufacturing multinational firms re-evaluate the manufacturing strategies regularly to ensure that they are sustainable and relevant to facilitate efficiency in production. Limitation: The study was limited to sustainable manufacturing strategies. There is need to focus on other manufacturing strategies especially on how they influenced performance. Implication: This study recommends the adoption and implementation of manufacturing strategy as it will enable the manufacturing multinational firms optimize their production efficiency in terms of production cost per unit, product quality and product development time. The multinational firms should integrate their resources efficiently to enhance their operations and adopt the manufacturing models developed to align with their operations and target customer
Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollutants in soils and water from Ortum, Kenya.
No full textAnalysis of elemental concentration in soil and water was carried out in Ortum to ensure safe utilization of soil and water resources for agriculture, industrial, and household purposes. Elemental analysis of soil and water was done using the EDXRF spectrometer and the inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. A total of 59 soil samples from different locations and depth and 10 water samples were collected from Ortum using purposive sampling method. The results of the mean elemental composition of 13 elements Ni (ppm), Cu (ppm), Zn (ppm), Pb (ppm), K (%w), Ca (%w), Fe (%w), Ti (%w), Mn (ppm), Rb (ppm), Sr (ppm), Zr (ppm), and Nb (ppm) in soils were 58.11, 46.91, 73.49, 22.20, 3.83, 24.39, 1.72, 7.73, 1529.74, 60.98, 442.26, 410.63, and 29.36, respectively, and the mean of 19 elements Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, and Se in water samples in (mg/l) were 0.037, 0.0014, 0.0005, 0.0042, 0.0030, 0.021, 0.0080, 0.12, 73.81, 0.00023, 0.0036, 0.00276, 0.0040, 6.11, 38.18, 0.00023, 0.0032, 46.87, and 0.0026, respectively. The average elemental concentration in soils was within the world average range. The mean concentration of Cu, Zn, and Pb in soil reduced with increase in depth while that of Ni increased with increase in depth. The average metal pollution indices in soils, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) potential ecological risk index (Ei), and synthesized potential ecological risk index (Er) were evaluated and found to be - 0.40, 4.92, and 19.69, respectively. According to the classification index, the results show that the soil in Ortum is moderately polluted, and the risk associated with the measured elemental concentration of Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the soils is low. The elemental concentrations in water samples was lower than the recommended permissible limits except for Calcium (Ca) in borehole water with an average of 90.80 mg/l against the permissible levels of 75 mg/l (WHO, 2011). The pH for water samples was found to range from 6.60 to 7.71 with an average of 7.07 which is within the acceptable range of pH 6.5 to pH 8.5 as recommended by WHO, 2011. The study found out that elemental concentration in soil and water samples from Ortum were withing the world average values and that the soil and water in Ortum is safe for use in agriculture and domestic purposes
The conflict between anti-money laundering reporting obligations and the doctrine of confidentiality for legal practitioners in Kenya
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the balance between anti-money laundering reporting
obligations and the doctrine of advocate–client confidentiality for legal practitioners.
Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted for this research is secondary research
and analysis.
Findings – The doctrine of confidentiality between advocates and clients and reporting obligations under
the anti-money laundering regime are relevant issues today more than ever. The equitable doctrine of
confidentiality seeks to protect confidential information provided by one party to another in circumstances
that import an obligation not to disclose that information or to use it for unauthorised purposes. The
Constitution guarantees fair trial. Money laundering is a menace that should be fought from all fronts. Selfregulation is the best bet to address money laundering for legal practitioners.
Originality/value – This paper is the work of the author and has not been submitted for publication
elsewhere
