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The archaeology of kakoro and komuge rock art sites in eastern Uganda
No full textThis paper presents the archaeology of Eastern Uganda's
Komuge and Kakoro rock art sites. The paper is set out to
examine the relationships between the archaeological
assemblage and rock art with reference to chronology
and authorship. Methodologically, the research
employed systematic and unsystematic surveys to
identify sites for excavations to aid in identifying
archaeological materials associated with rock art. The
study results demonstrate a clear cultural sequence
spanning from the Later Stone Age (LSA) to the Later
Iron Age (LIA) evidenced by the presence of lithic, faunal
remains, pottery and rock art dating to 1,675BP. The
archaeological remains at both sites indicate that the LSA
communities that depended on wild and domesticated
animals authored the rock art. Continuity in the
settlement is marked by the presence of all types of
classic Early Iron Age, Transitional Urewe, Middle Iron
Age and Later Iron Age (IA) roulette ware superimposed on LSA lithics. Remarkably, the similarity of designs in
rock art and ceramics indicates the continuity of inherited
traits
Performance appraisal practices and teacher effectiveness in government-aided primary schools of nambale sub-county in Iganga District, Uganda
No full textxii, 88 p. ;The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between performance appraisal practices and teacher effectiveness in Government Aided primary schools of Nambale Sub- County in Iganga District. The objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between performance planning and teacher effectiveness, assess the relationship between performance monitoring and teacher effectiveness and establish the relationship between performance evaluation and teacher effectiveness. A correlational cross-sectional survey design was adopted and quantitative approach was used in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on a sample size of N = 101 teachers in government aided primary schools of Nambale Sub county in Iganga District. The study revealed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between performance planning (r = .276, p = .005) and teacher effectiveness and a strong positive relationship between performance monitoring (r = .294, p = .003) and teacher effectiveness. The study also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between performance evaluation (r = .108, p = .281) and teacher effectiveness. Through regression, findings revealed that performance monitoring and performance planning significantly predicted teacher effectiveness (F (1, 99) = 9.394, p = 0.003 <0.05, F (1, 99) = 8.195, p = 0.005 < 0.05) respectively. Performance evaluation (F (1, 99) = 1.173, p = .281 < 0.05,) negatively and insignificantly predicted teacher effectiveness. The study recommended that Ministry of Education and Sports and the local governments should ensure that performance appraisal practices most especially performance planning and performance monitoring are strengthened in order to foster the effectiveness of teachers. Also, there is need to sensitize teachers on the importance of performance evaluation so that they positively receive it in the spirit of support supervision as opposed to mechanism of victimization. The recommendations suggested are not only intended for increasing individual teacher effectiveness, but also overall school effectiveness
Automated wearable cameras for improving recall of diet and time use in Uganda: a cross-sectional feasibility study
No full textBackground
Traditional recall approaches of data collection for assessing dietary intake and time use are prone to recall bias. Studies in high- and middle-income countries show that automated wearable cameras are a promising method for collecting objective health behavior data and may improve study participants’ recall of foods consumed and daily activities performed. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using automated wearable cameras in rural Eastern Ugandan to collect dietary and time use data.
Methods
Mothers of young children (n = 211) wore an automated wearable camera on 2 non-consecutive days while continuing their usual activities. The day after wearing the camera, participants’ dietary diversity and time use was assessed using an image-assisted recall. Their experiences of the method were assessed via a questionnaire.
Results
Most study participants reported their experiences with the automated wearable camera and image-assisted recall to be good (36%) or very good (56%) and would participate in a similar study in the future (97%). None of the eight study withdrawals could be definitively attributed to the camera. Fifteen percent of data was lost due to device malfunction, and twelve percent of the images were "uncodable" due to insufficient lighting. Processing and analyzing the images were labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. Half (53%) of participants had difficulty interpreting the images captured by the camera.
Conclusions
Using an automated wearable camera in rural Eastern Uganda was feasible, although improvements are needed to overcome the challenges common to rural, low-income country contexts and reduce the burdens posed on both participants and researchers. To improve the quality of data obtained, future automated wearable camera-based image assisted recall studies should use a structured data format to reduce image coding time; electronically code the data in the field, as an output of the image review process, to eliminate ex post facto data entry; and, ideally, use computer-assisted personal interviews software to ensure completion and reduce errors. In-depth formative work in partnership with key local stakeholders (e.g., researchers from low-income countries, representatives from government and/or other institutional review boards, and community representatives and local leaders) is also needed to identify practical approaches to ensuring that the ethical rights of automated wearable camera study participants in low-income countries are adequately protected
Instructional supervision and teacher performance in selected secondary schools in Mukono south constituency
No full textxii, 77 p. ;This study examined the effect of instructional supervision (scientific, artistic and collaborative) on the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Mukono South Constituency. The study was guided by the following objectives; To establish the effect of scientific supervision on the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Mukono South Constituency, to analyse the effect of artistic supervision on the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Mukono South Constituency, to examine the effect of collaborative supervision on the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Mukono South Constituency. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed. The study employed a cross-sectional, correlational and survey designs in quantitative approach. Quantitative data was analysed at four levels; descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Qualitative data was analysed using interview responses, content analysis. The sample size consisted of 129 respondents made up of 6 Head teachers and 123 teachers. The findings revealed there was a significant relationship between scientific supervision and artistic supervision on teacher performance while there was no significant relationship between collaborative supervision on teacher performance. It was advised. Lesson planning and lesson presentation supervision require additional time and money from school administrators because they have been proven to have a greater impact on teachers' performance in Mukono secondary schools. Head teachers of schools must demand that teachers actively involve pupils in their delivery of instruction. Regular in-service training on multiple delivery methods for teachers must be organised by school administrators like lesson plan preparation that can be beneficial to their students
Leadership behaviours and organisational commitment of academic staff mediated and moderated by job satisfaction and emotional intelligence at Kyambogo University, Uganda
No full textxvi, 345 p. : ill. (some col.) ;The study investigated the topic: Leadership Behaviours as Significant Predictors of Organisational Commitment of the academic staff at Kyambogo University. Specifically, the study examined whether leadership behaviours were significant predictors of organizational commitment, assessed whether leadership behaviours were significant predictors of job satisfaction, examined whether job satisfaction was a significant predictor of organizational commitment, and assessed whether emotional intelligence was a significant predictor of organisational commitment of academic staff. The study also tested the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between leadership behaviours and organisational commitment, and the moderating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between leadership behaviours and organisational commitment of academic staff. Using the positivist research paradigm, the study adopted the cross sectional-correlational research design. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey on a sample of 156 academic staff. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. Overall findings revealed that leadership behaviours, job satisfaction and emotional intelligence were positive and significant predictors of organisational commitment. The findings also revealed that leadership behaviours, participative leadership positively and significantly correlated organisational commitment of academic staff, while directive, participative and supportive were positive significant predictors of job satisfaction of academic staff and achievement-oriented leadership behaviours negatively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Further, the study revealed that job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between leadership behaviours and organizational commitment of academic staff but emotional intelligence negatively and insignificantly moderated the relationship between leadership behaviours and organisational commitment of academic staff. Pertinent conclusions were derived; hence the following recommendations were made in order to enhance organisational commitment of academic staff. Management needs to enhance the implementation of participative leadership behaviours, intrinsic job satisfaction, self-management and social-awareness in order to promote organisational commitment of academic staff. Further, three leadership behaviours namely directive, supportive, and participative leadership behaviours should be enhanced in order to promote job satisfaction of academic staff
Shelf life of the preheated and ready-to-eat long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville
No full textP.(1-14) ;Ruspolia differens is an edible insect delicacy in sub-Saharan Africa, majorly harvested from the wild, with a very
short shelf life (24 hours depending on the handling conditions). Combinations of preheating, roasting and drying,
and storage at refrigerated and room temperature were used to prolong its shelf life. Product quality was evaluated
using sensory, microbial and chemical analyses. To allow transportation from the harvesting areas to the market,
preservation up to 9 hours at room temperature was possible using only preheating (boiling at 100 °C for 6 minutes).
Combinations of preheating and roasting (for 25 and 35 minutes at 165 °C) resulted in moisture contents of 21.3
and 10.4% with shelf life at refrigeration temperature of 25 and 54 days, respectively. Aroma was the main factor
determining the shelf life. Further drying of preheated and roasted grasshoppers resulted in a product with 4.5%
moisture. In combination with vacuum packaging, storage at room temperature was possible for at least 20 weeks.
This research therefore contributes to long term storage of the surplus harvested R. differens, and thus to increased
food security
Assessment of the environmental kuznets curve within EU-27: Steps toward environmental sustainability (1990e2019)
No full textP. (1-13) ;Reducing environmental pollution is a critical goal in global environmental economics and economic development. The European Union (EU) faces environmental challenges due to its development activities.
Here we present a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC), population structure (POP), economy (GDP), and policies on the environment within the EU using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Our research reveals that between 1990 and 2019, the EU-27 experienced an increase of þ1.18 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) per year in energy consumption (p < 0.05), while CO2 emissions decreased by 24.25 million tonnes (Mt) per year (p < 0.05). The highest reduction in CO2 emissions occurred in Germany (7.52 Mt CO2 annually), and the lowest in Latvia (0.087 Mt CO2 annually). The empirical EKC analysis shows an inverted-U shaped relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions in the EU-27. Specifically, a 1% increase in GDP results in a 0.705% increase in carbon emission, while a 1% increase in GDP2 leads to a 0.062% reduction in environmental pollution in the long run (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that economic development within the EU has reached a stage where economic growth positively impacts the environment. Overall,
this study provides insights into the effectiveness of environmental policies in mitigating degradation and promoting green growth in the EU 27 countries
Training model on electrical safety and energy conservation to socially-backward region school students
No full textAs the saying goes for knife, ‘‘It is a good servant, but a bad master the same holds good for electricity. It can brighten our lives and at the same can char one’s future if not handled properly. Electricity is very useful for human beings right from the first day of its invention. Also, with the rapid growth of industrialization, there is a need to conserve the natural resources such as sunlight, wind or water and at the same time electrical energy due to the rising demand of the luxuries. The awareness about the electrical safety and energy conservation should be started from school-going children onwards, any habit nurtured in the small age can bring one into a good being. This work has developed a basic training model to teach the school students. The basic definition of certain electrical terminologies is mentioned. The hazards related to electrical, the ways to avoid or rectify them are also discussed. Also, the fundamental principles of electrical safety which are to be followed while dealing with any Electrical equipment are included. The concept of energy conservation and the basic ideas of supplying power through renewable resources as well as the need for sustainable development are included in this work
Impact of construction contract type on project time and cost performance in Ugandan local governments: a case of Kiryandongo district
No full textxiii, 84 p. : ill. (some col.) ;The construction contract describes the number of works, obligations, rights, and highlighting risks between parties. The inability to fulfill the responsibilities described in the contract on time and budget has worsened globally hence becoming a chronic problem. The researcher therefore intended to examine the impact of construction contract type performance of project in terms of duration and cost in Ugandan local governments considering a case of Kiryandongo district. A research design that was adopted employed qualitative in cooperation with quantitative techniques. Collection of data was done in Kiryandongo district and analyzed using SPSS statistical application. The study established that the most common type of construction contract type is the old-style construction contract. In the same way, opinion of the respondents generally showed that there’s marginal to moderate impact of the two construction contract types on cost and time performance. Combining old-style and unified construction contracts offer a better time performance, as supported by 34 (54.8%) respondents. Traditional construction contract type in addition, gives a better cost performance evidenced by 35 (56.5%) respondents and as such over 32 (51.6%) of respondents recommended the use of traditional construction contract type as opposed to integrated construction contract type. The time and cost performance monitoring tool for construction contract projects was developed as: Z=-20.236+2.265CT+1.406CO+0.612BE; where Z is a time and cost performance, a dependent variable, CT is completion time, CO is cost overruns and BE is budget estimates. The developed model will assist in monitoring traditional in cooperation with integrated construction contract type projects.
Key words: Construction, Contract, Time and Cost performance
Sugarcane plantations and the alienation of land from smallholder farmers through out-grower schemes in Busoga Sub-Region in Eastern Uganda
No full textDespite wide research on land grabbing in Africa, much of the existing
literature restricts the practice mainly to a situation where land is leased
or sold to outside investors for the production of food and biofuel for
export to the western world. This paper extends the debate further by
examining how local sugarcane companies and individuals in Busoga Region
in Eastern Uganda force smallholder farmers to surrender their land willingly
through the out-grower schemes based on contract farming or private
sugarcane production. Using a qualitative methodology that relied mainly on
interviews of key informants and documentary reviews, the paper analyses
the nature of the contemporary land alienations through contract farming
between plantation agriculturalists and smallholder farmers, and how it
has affected the livelihood of the peasants in the Busoga region especially
when it comes to the production of sugarcane for sale at the expense
of food for local consumption. The findings show that in the areas where
sugarcane production through the out-grower schemes is the dominant
economic activity, land alienation for sugarcane growing is rampant as the
sugar companies and the agro-business farmers lure local peasants who
mainly own land on customary tenure to grow sugarcane at the expense of
producing food crops. The paper concludes that this is a new form of land
grabbing in Uganda