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Economic integration and private investment : a case Study of the East African Community (EAC)
No full textxiii, 41 p.Economic integration necessitates the removal of trade barriers within the union, as well as the imposition of common trade barriers. All this has been linked to potential GDP growth and growth in private investment (Martin-Mayoral et al., 2016). Therefore, this study conducts an empirical examination of the impact of Economic integration on Private investment in the East African Community in 5 selected partner countries. Additionally, it aims to examine the effect of some selected macroeconomic variables, such as taxes, inflation, domestic credit, and real interest rate on Private Investment in the EAC member states.
The research utilizes panel data obtained from secondary sources covering a period of 1990 to 2021 in five partner nations of the East African Community. The primary source of data for this study was the World Bank Development Indicators database.
The study extends the investment model by Jorgenson (1967) which is based on the assumption that firms aim to maximize their profits by choosing the optimal level of investment that balances the expected returns on investment with the cost of capital. And Regional economic integration theory by (Viner, 2014) argues that the drive for regional integration goes beyond just the elimination of tariff barriers. Analytically, the panel data technique of fixed effects is used for the empirical analysis as guided by the Hausman Test. Economic integration was found to have a positive and significant effect on private investment at 1 percent level of significance in the EAC region. The coefficient of Economic integration means that when Countries join EAC, they are predicted to register higher private investments of about 13 percent more than before joining keeping other factors constant. In addition, Inflation had a positive and significant effect on private investment. In contrast, real interest rates had a negative effect, though significant effect on Private investment. However, credit and taxes had no significant effect on private investment. Based on these facts, the report suggests that East African Community (EAC) members should encourage more member Countries to join the (EAC). If Countries join resources, they are able to have a conducive environment for private investment. EAC Members should also establish a united East African Development Bank that can provide credit to private investors at very low-interest rates as is the case with developed Countries. Central Banks should adopt appropriate monetary policies to keep inflation moderate
A history of Inzu ya Masaba cultural institution in eastern Uganda, 1902-2020
No full textxii, 176 p. : col.This study focuses on the history of Inzu ya Masaba, a cultural institution that is found in the Bugisu sub-region in Eastern Uganda. The researcher was motivated by the current influx of cultural institutions in various parts of Uganda. Unlike the previous generations where very few ethnic groups such as the Baganda, Batooro, and Banyoro were organised under cultural institutions, other ethnic groups in Uganda, especially the non-centralised ones have also embarked on establishing cultural institutions. These include the Bamasaba, Bagwere, and Banyole, to mention but a few. This is a trending issue that motivated the study of the history of Inzu ya Masaba. The main objective of this study was to document the history of Inzu ya Masaba and the specific objectives were to trace its origin, examine its significance to the Bamasaba, and to analyse the controversies which emerged within it from the time of its establishment in 2010 up to 2020 when the reign of Umukuuka Bob Mushikori ended. The study was purely qualitative in nature. Historical materials were analysed and interviews were conducted by meeting the respondents face-to-face and at times over the phone. The respondents were identified by the researcher through purposive sampling and snowball method. The findings of this study are covered in a total of six chapters and they unveil the fact that Bugisu has never been a kingdom or chiefdom. It was a non-centralised society that was composed of twenty-six clans and each of them administered itself independently. Inzu ya Masaba was established in 2010 as a result of the amalgamation of the twenty-six clans of the Bamasaba. The study also unveils the significance of Inzu ya Masaba to the Bamasaba especially through the promotion of unity and co-operation between the Bagisu of Uganda and the Babukusu of Kenya. The institution is also significant in the preservation of the Masaba culture and identity among the Bamasaba, most of whom had adopted the Kiganda culture which was introduced by Semei Kakungulu. The study further uncovers a multitude of controversies that emerged within Inzu ya Masaba over time. The biggest controversy of all was the attempted secession of Bududa from Inzu ya Masaba in order to establish a parallel cultural institution led by Joseph Wash Kanyanya. It caused a lot of divisions among the Bamasaba and weakened the cultural institution. The different non-centralised cultural institutions which are emerging in the various parts of Uganda all have a story to tell. On top of that, they are being established for various reasons which need to be investigated by future scholars. The study therefore bridges the knowledge gap in non-centralised societies in Uganda which have been understudied by previous scholarships with the major focus being on Inzu ya Masaba. In its conclusion, the study indicates the need for further investigations into the cultural institution and how important it is to the Bamasaba. It also calls for further dialogue between the cultural institutions of Uganda and the central government in order to foster unity, transparency, and effective administration of the general population of Uganda
Exploring the experienced effects of adolescent motherhood on the bearer’s social-economic status in Mutunda sub-county, Kiryandongo district, Uganda.
No full textxvi, 111 p.Globally, adolescent motherhood is a serious concern due to the adverse effects it possesses to the mother, child, and the society. This study explored the experienced effects of adolescent motherhood on the bearer’s social-economic status in Mutunda Sub-County, Kiryandongo district, Uganda. Specifically, the study explored the experienced effects of adolescent motherhood on the bearer’s education, health, and access to resources in Mutunda Sub-County. This study used a qualitative research approach, employed a phenomenological research design and used interviewing method to collect data. The study targeted adolescent mothers in Mutunda Sub-County and key informants were recruited to provide critical information to the study. The study used snowball and purposive sampling methods to select primary and secondary respondents respectively. Semi structured interview guides with open ended questions were used to collect data which was analyzed thematically. Data collected was recorded verbatim, transcribed, coded and presented. Findings from this study revealed that adolescent motherhood led to school dropout, low educational attainment, and limited career prospects. Adolescent mothers felt sad about motherhood, had poor physical health and social stigma. Adolescent mothers had limited access to finances, food and health services. It can be categorically stated that adolescent motherhood is a reality in Mutunda Sub-County with colossal implications on the bearer’s social-economic status. The study recommends that policy makers and implementers should strive towards implementation of school re-entry program, introduction of vocational training courses, sensitization on uptake of sexual reproductive health services, introduction of adolescent friendly services, adequate staffing at the health centre II, community mindset change, skilling and extension of financing to uplift their social-economic status in Mutunda Sub-County
Compression Index for cohesive soils from Quasi-static Cone Tests
No full textx, 225 p. ;Compression indexiisiani important soili parameter in the design of foundations of structures yeti the Oedometer test used for its determination is time consuming, cumbersome and very costly. This prompted a number of studies to be done toi address the above limitations by relating Atterberg limits to compression index. However, determination of Atterberg limits has limitations which include stress-strain effects during penetration for the fall cone human reliability errors for the Casagrande method of liquid limits determination and Health & safety issues in handling contaminated soili material for Plastic limits. The aim of this research was toi develop ai simple, fast and accurate method of determining the compression index of cohesive soils using the Quasi-static cone test which addresses all the above limitations. 51i soili samples were collected from three districts of Uganda (Area = 1230km2) and tested for the compression index using Oedometer test, liquid limit using fall cone and Plastic limit using thread rolling. The Atterbergi limits were correlated toi compression index using regression analysis. The same soili samples were tested using the quasiistatic method and forces close toi 1020gfi and 60gfi were obtained for plastic and liquid limit respectively at 20mmi penetration depth. The empirical relationships relating the force from the quasiistatic method and compression index was found toi be 98%i accurate compared toi the compression index from Oedometer test
Instructional leadership and self-efficacy of academic staff in public universities in Uganda
No full textThis study examined the casual linkage between instructional leadership
and self-efficacy of academic staff in four public universities in Uganda.
Particularly, the study investigated the influence of instructional
supervision, curriculum coordination, profession development, and
monitoring students’ progress on self-efficacy of academic staff in
Ugandan public universities. The study was guided by the positivist
research philosophy hence used the quantitative approach employing the
correlational research design. Random sampling was adopted to obtain
the academic staff members who provided data through a selfadministered questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation
modelling (PLS-SEM) results revealed that of the four instructional
leadership constructs, only curriculum coordination and monitoring
students’ progress influence teacher self-efficacy. Professional
development had a positive but insignificant influence, while instruction
supervision had a negative and insignificant influence on teaching selfefficacy of academic. The study concluded that curriculum coordination
and monitoring students’ progress are crucial for teacher self-efficacy
while professional development and instructional supervision have a
slight contribution. To foster teacher self-efficacy, instructional leaders
in universities should prioritize effective curriculum coordination and
monitoring of students' progress
Utilisation of communication technologies, HIV stigma and engagement in care among young adults : a case of Mildmay hospital Uganda
No full textxiii, 74 p.The study examined the relationship between Utilisation of communication technologies and engagement in HIV care and how the relationship was moderated by HIV stigma. The study was guided by positivism and a correlational survey design, and data was collected using a structure questionnaire from a stratified random sample of 322 in and out of school young adults receiving HIV care at Mildmay Hospital. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. Significant findings included; the use of communication technologies by young adults in receiving HIV care was low (mean=3.00, SD=1.34), while engagement in care was high (mean=3.75, SD=.99); Young adults who were in school had, significantly higher intentions to continue utilizing HIV care services (M = 28.32, t(219.5) = 2.48, p = .014) ; utilisation communication technologies was positively and significantly related to Engagement in HIV care(r =.14, P<0.05); and HIV stigma moderated the relationship between utilisation of communication technologies and engagement in HIV care (b =- .014, 95% CI [0.003, 0.026], t = 2,42, p < .05). Communication technologies can help reduce HIV stigma among young adults living with HIV and AIDS. However, the current methods used in Uganda are not effectively reaching these youths, as many are dependents and unemployed, making it difficult for them to afford smartphones or data for internet access. Despite these challenges, HIV-positive young adults have been able to regularly access their HIV care. The study recommends that while the use of communication technologies continues to expand, it is equally important to maintain and improve the existing non-digital communication systems used by HIV care programs to meet the needs of those who cannot access communication technology devices
Working conditions and teacher performance in selected private secondary schools in Namugongo division, Wakiso district, Uganda
No full textxiii, 88 p.The study focused on examining working conditions and teacher performance in selected private secondary schools in Namugongo division, Uganda The study was guided by three objectives, to analyze the relationship between supervisor supports and teacher’s performance in private secondary schools, to examine the relationship between physical work environments and teacher’s performance in private secondary schools and to assess how performance review feedback relates to teachers’ performance in private secondary schools in Namugongo division Wakiso district Uganda. The study utilized a quantitative approach for data collection, analysis, presentation, and discussion. The research collected views of 138 teachers Findings of the study on relationship between supervisor support and teacher performance revealed correlation coefficient of 0.916 between supervisor support and teacher performance, indicating a strong positive relationship. The study also found a moderate relationship between physical Work Environment and Teacher Performance. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between physical work environment and teacher performance is 0.893, indicating a moderate positive relationship. This suggests that as the physical work environment improves, there is a corresponding improvement in teacher performance. The study found a strong positive relationship between performance review feedback and teacher performance. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between performance review feedback and teacher performance is 0.754, indicating a strong positive relationship. This suggests that as teachers receive more feedback on their performance, there is a corresponding improvement in their performance. The findings have highlighted the significance of supportive relationships between supervisors and teachers, supervisor involvement in teaching programs, good working relationships with head teachers, and regular supervision in enhancing teacher performance. The study also identified advocacy roles by the director of studies and support supervision as important factors that influence teacher job commitment and competence. The study suggests that a supportive work environment and positive relationships with supervisors and head teachers can lead to greater job commitment, higher teacher retention rates, and better teaching outcomes. Schools should encourage supervisors to provide teachers with support, encouragement, and feedback, to foster a sense of ownership and pride in their work, which can lead to better performance outcomes. Schools should encourage supervisors to participate in teaching programs and share their expertise with their staff, to enhance teacher skills and knowledge, and deliver high-quality lessons
Investigating the cost of mechanized unpaved road maintenance operations in Uganda
No full textxvii, 221 p.Force Account Mechanism (FAM) is the predominant road maintenance system in Uganda’s local government setting and also in some private sector plantation agriculture setups. With previous research citing challenges in cost management and efficiency of the FAM method, it becomes paramount to analyse how FAM is implemented in both the private sector and government led operations alongside proposing possible solutions to these challenges. This research offered to analyse unpaved road maintenance cost factors alongside providing a cost model solution to improve on cost prediction of the FAM system. Gulu District Local Government (DLG) and Kakira Sugar Limited (KSL) were selected as case study areas. Cost data from the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) was chosen for cost comparison purposes. Two descriptive research methods were used: observations and case study approach. The selected case study areas were accessible and reachable in terms of data collection. Control parameters affecting unpaved mechanized road maintenance were identified as, machine repair costs, maintenance costs, machine depreciation costs, worker’s salaries, machine insurance costs, and machine fuel costs. The study recommends the need for an effective electronic cost database system for unpaved road maintenance works with emphasis on mechanized road maintenance cost driver analytics and management, alongside improvement in aspects of maintenance processes. Further research can be conducted on equipment condition level prediction and analytics at the DLG
Efficacy of Using Problem-Solving Method on the Teaching of Social Studies in Public Primary Schools in Busiki County Namutumba District
No full textP. (1-12) ;The study sought to establish the efficacy of using a problem-solving approach in teaching social studies in Busiki County, Namutumba District, responding to three questions; (1) how a problem-solving method is used in the teaching of social studies? (2) What are the implications of using the problem-solving method in the teaching of social studies? (3) What are the hindrances to the use of problem-solving methods in the teaching of social studies? The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design and targeted public primary schools in Busiki County. The study population mainly comprised teachers who are the direct implementers of the approach. Questionnaires were used to obtain findings from 99 respondents purposively selected. According to the findings, the problem-solving method can be used to teach social studies in five main ways: critical thinking, historical studies, multiple analyses of events, using secondary sources of information, and using logical examples. The implications are: promoting critical thinking; developing skills for learners to face the real world; developing the ability to make evaluations; making learning more engaging; and promoting the sharing of ideas. The hindrances include; No platform for professional development, scepticism, no teaching aids, and No integration into the curriculum. Conclusively, the problem-solving method is an effective approach for teaching social studies in primary schools. It is therefore recommended that educational leaders try to consider the significance of incorporating critical thinking into social studies instruction, despite challenges like a lack of professional knowledge and scepticism
Effect of desert locust outbreaks on agricultural production of smallholder farmers in Karamoja region, Uganda
No full textxiii, 87 p. ;The 2020 desert locust invasions invoked fears in Eastern Africa, including Uganda, but more so in the Karamoja region, due to their potential to devour crop fields and pasturelands, which are major livelihood sources for agro-pastoralists. This research assessed the duration and timing of the invasions by desert locusts, the impact they had on agricultural output, and the efficacy of the control strategies put in place in the districts of Amudat, Abim, Moroto, and Nakapiripirit.
Specifically, it was intended to analyze the time of invasion and length of stay of the locusts in that area, determinant factors for the invasions, effects on cropland and pastureland for livestock, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures that were applied. To gather more than one data from households and local leaders in the same study, a cross-sectional sh1dy approach was employed.
This was guided by the need to capture a snapshot of the locust invasions' impact over a single period, which allowed for the efficient collection and comparison of diverse responses from affected communities. With the assistance of well-trained research assistants well versed with the karamojong local languages, a questionnaire for a household survey was administered to 183 respondents who included elders, youths, opinion leaders, and local council 1 chairpersons chosen by sampling technique. The views on the subject matter from the local leaders and small holder farmers in Amudat and Moroto were gathered through two corresponding focused group discussions. Numeric data was analyzed using multiple response, chi-square, and paired t-test techniques, whereas qualitative data underwent content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that the most favorable factors that attracted the pests were vegetation type, strong dry winds, and soil type (sandy) (P <0.05). The effects of the invasions reported include destruction of trees (43%) and grass cover (39%), increased replanting costs (28%), interference with plant flowering (26%), and shifts in season planting (24% in the locales of the invasions). Desert locusts significantly (P < 0.05) affected livestock and crop production by reducing grass and tree vegetation that cattle feed on and destroying sprouting crops. These culminated in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in household income, an increase in the need for food purchases, and the use of less land (74%) for agriculture. In response to the invasions, ground spraying (68%) and aerial spraying (29%) were the most effective measures for desert locust control. To enhance resilience among agro-pastoralists against future invasions, the study recommends support for acquiring specialized spraying equipment to enable more effective and timely control efforts