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Drought severity across Africa: a comparative analysis of multi-source precipitation datasets
No full textAn accurate analysis of climate extremes is essential for impact assessment and devising appropriate adaptation measures. There is an urgent need to assess precipitation products in capturing the increasing occurrence of climate extremes. This study evaluates the ability of 20 observational datasets, including gauge-based, satellite-based and reanalyses, in representing different drought severity (moderate, severe and extreme drought) over Africa and its nine sub-regions at varying time scales (3-, 6- and 12-months) during 1983–2014. Drought is represented using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results demonstrate that while most datasets are suitable for drought studies over the continent, the African Rainfall Climatology version 2 (ARC2) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks Climate Data Records (PERSIANN_CDR_v1r1) are less fitted for such investigations. Moreover, regions such as the Sahara (SAH), Central Africa (CAF) and North Eastern Africa (NEAF) show a larger disparity among the datasets, requiring more caution when selecting a dataset for use in such areas. Generally, the datasets present low agreement toward the lower end of the range (5–30%) because the individual datasets estimate varying drought severities at different grids and months. This is observed in the coefficient of variation of 20–25% of the datasets falling outside the ± 1 standard deviation range. Therefore, using an ensemble to represent the datasets remains an indispensable tool. The datasets present better agreement in the timing of drought events than the spatial distribution. The findings provide valuable insights into the complexity of drought assessment using diverse precipitation datasets. Furthermore, the results highlight the significance of considering spatial and temporal dimensions, as datasets may capture drought events at varying locations and times, revealing subtle variations in drought impact
Implications of aerobic exercise on clinical outcomes of HIV positive clients in Uganda: a case of general military hospital-Bombo
No full textAerobic exercise may be a helpful treatment for a variety of ART side effects and symptoms,
according to studies from both healthy individuals and those with various chronic illnesses. The use
of aerobic exercise to address the symptoms, and undesirable side effects that lower the quality of
life for people with chronic HIV infection is currently being investigated. This study's primary goal
was to determine how aerobic exercise affected the clinical outcomes of HIV-positive patients
receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. It further aimed at evaluating the effect of a 12 weeks
aerobic exercise on immunological measures, functional work capacity and psychological markers
of HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda. The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in
Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using
questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the
study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression
and anxiety symptoms among participants. The participants were divided into two groups at
random: Group 1, which received a moderately intense aerobic exercise program for twelve weeks,
and Group 2, which received no treatment. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was
used to screen both groups. Clinical outcomes, like: immunological measurements, were then
evaluated using Clusters of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Functional work capacity using Rate of
Perceived Extortion (RPE)/ Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and psychological markers using a
questionnaire. The aerobic exercise intervention was administered to the experimental group for
twelve weeks. Members of the control group were called weekly to make a follow up on them
during the 12 weeks and ensure that they did not feel left out of the survey. Following the
completion of the 12-week post-test, the results showed that: (i) aerobic exercises significantly
increased the CD4 count in experimental group with an average mean of 29.7% and a p=0.001; (ii)
It had a statistically significant effect the functional work capacity of HIV positive clients on ART
with p<0.001 which was less than initial p= 0.05, a decreased heart rate, significantly improved VO 2
max from 25.13 ml/kg/min to 34.19 ml/kg/min and (iii) it also had significant effect on
psychological markers indicating a decrease in paranoid ideation, depression, neuroticism, anxiety,
and phobia in HIV positive clients on ART with p-value<0.001. Therefore, well-structured
supervised 12 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercises at a tempo of 120-150 beats per minute
improved CD4 cell in the body of HIV positive clients on ART. It also improved the clinical
outcomes of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. It is recommended that aerobic
exercise be used as an additional therapy in the care and treatment of HIV positive clients on ART
in Uganda by adding it in the HIV care and treatment guidelines. There is also need to investigate
the effect of aerobic exercise on other clinical outcome like viral load, body composition and
adherence to drugs
Parental influence, teacher support and students’ academic resilience in universal secondary education schools in Luwero district, Uganda
No full textxii, 93 p. ;This study investigated the effect of parental influence on students’ academic resilience moderated by teacher support in Universal Secondary Education schools in Luwero District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the effect of parental influence on students’ academic resilience, assessed the influence of teacher support on students’ academic resilience, and tested the moderating role of teacher support on the effect of parental influence. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework on students’ academic resilience in Universal Secondary Education schools in Luwero District. Employing a quantitative approach, this study utilized a correlational research design. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 323 senior secondary school students, selected through simple random sampling. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), providing insights into the complex relationship between parental influence, teacher support, and students' academic resilience. The findings revealed that parental influence and teacher support had a positive and significant influence on academic resilience while parental influence moderated by teacher support had a positive but insignificant influence on academic resilience. The findings led to the conclusion that parental influence is crucial for students’ academic resilience, teacher support is essential for students’ academic resilience, and equal emphasis on parental support and teacher support does not necessarily lead to students’ academic resilience. The study recommends that Head teachers should establish programs aimed at sensitizing parents about the significant influence they have on their children's educational experiences, focusing on cultivating parental sensitivity and responsivity to learners needs, Head teachers should sensitize teachers to provide comprehensive support to learners by fostering a supportive learning environment, encouraging them to be invested in their students, showing positive regard, and be accessible, and Head teachers should prioritize parental influence over teacher support when promoting students' academic resilience, as parental influence may have a more profound impact on fostering resilience
Quality and stability of cricket (Acheta domesticus) enriched cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour
No full textx, 92 p.Cassava, being a starchy staple, contains minimal protein and other nutrients, which limits its utilisation as a complete food. Incorporating edible insects, such as house crickets, has shown promise in improving the nutritional profile of staple foods like maize and millet. However, the impact of house cricket powder incorporation on cassava flour properties remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to enhance the nutritional composition of cassava flour using cricket powder without compromising its nutritional, functional, safety, shelf life and sensory properties. By so doing, the study contributes to the resilience and well-being of populations reliant on cassava as a staple food.
Four improved cassava varieties i.e. Mkumba, NAROCASS 1, NASSE 3 and NASSE 14 and one local variety i.e. Magana were selected based on their agronomical properties and processed into cassava flour. House crickets underwent two treatments prior to processing into cricket powder. Composites were formulated using Design expert software after which they were screened to obtain the sensorialy acceptable formulation for chemical, functional, microbial and shelf life studies. Standard methods were used for all analyses. Findings were analysed using ANOVA.
Sensory analysis revealed a significant negative impact of cricket powder on colour, aroma, aftertaste, and overall acceptability. Protein content significantly increased by 5.54% (p <0.05) and fat content 2.21% (p <0.05) in cassava-cricket composite flours. Solubility decreased while swelling capacity and oil absorption capacity increased with cricket powder incorporation. Chemical analysis showed absence of aflatoxin and pesticide residues, while microbiological assays showed absence of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Over a 24-week storage period, cassava-cricket composite flours’ moisture content, peroxide value, and acid value, remained with the range recommended by Codex Alimentarius and East African standards. Total plate count and total coliform counts declined consistently during the shelf life study period, indicating microbial suppression. Sensory attributes and levels of yeast and moulds remained consistent throughout storage, suggesting the stability of cassava-cricket composite flours over 24 weeks. Findings suggest that cricket powder enhances the nutritional value of cassava flour without compromising safety, functionality, shelf life or sensory acceptability. Further studies could explore the use of cricket powder in different food matrices
Perceptions of pre-service technical teachers on the teaching and learning activities in teacher instructor colleges of Uganda
No full textUnderstanding perceptions about the teaching and learning activities has
implications on the way teacher training programs can be improved and
influences trainers’ motivation. The aim of the study was to examine pre-
service technical teachers’ perceptions of the teaching and learning activities
in teacher-instructor colleges in Uganda. The following research questions
guided the study; “Is the time allocated for the teaching and learning activities
adequate; how is the tutoring conducted; are the pre-service teachers satisfied
with the assignments given; do the pre-service teachers trust the teaching and
learning process and are the pre-service teachers satisfied with the equipment
and materials used for training? The study adopted across sectional survey
design. Data was collected from 168 pre-service technical teachers using a
researcher-constructed questionnaire. The data gathered was analysed using
SPSS and presented as descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that time
for teaching and learning; tutoring (organization of training), and assignments
given were adequate; pre-service technical teachers trusted the teaching and
learning process; however, they observed that the equipment and materials
were inadequate for training. It was therefore recommended that the
government increase the budget for technical teacher instructor institutions;
lobbying for funds through; private partnerships, companies, international
donor agencies, tax rebates, fellowships, and research grants to purchase
adequate training equipment and engage policy makers to create mechanisms
for responding to constant technology advancement for technical teacher
instructor training institutions to cope
Cultural valuing and learning of Enanga music among the Bakiga youth in Kabale district, South-western Uganda
No full textxiv, 128 p. : col.This study, which focused on how cultural valuing contributes to the learning of Enanga (trough zither) Music was conducted in Kabale district, South Western Uganda. There is apathy towards the learning of Enanga Music among the Bakiga youth. Enanga Musical instrument is rarely played and this is threatening its extinction yet it is expected to carry on the transmission of Kiga cultural values and traditions to the next generation. The study was guided by the following objectives: to find out whether listening to Enanga Music increases learning the of Enanga Music culture, to establish whether playing of Enanga increases the learning of its culture and to establish how Enanga Music can be revitalized among the Bakiga youth. An auto ethnographic research design was adopted and additional data to corroborate the researcher’s reflections was obtained through ethnographic methods such as participant observations, interviews and Focus Discussion Groups. Qualitative data was obtained using research instruments such as interview guides, observation guides and Focus Discussion group guides. Thirty informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Two sets of data: auto ethnographic and ethnographic were presented and qualitatively analysed. The study revealed the following findings: the current Bakiga youth do not attach value to Enanga musical instrument and therefore do not prioritize learning Enanga Music instead they cherish listening to computer generated Music. The advancement of computer-generated Music and the introduction of sophisticated western musical instruments had taken over the space of Enanga Music. There were limited interventions towards revitalization of Enanga Music in Kabale district. Sentiments by Christian missionaries regarding Enanga as a satanic instrument continued to haunt its culture. The study concluded that the Bakiga youth did not attach value to Enanga and its Music, community participation in Enanga Playing increased the learning of its Music culture, scarcity of enanga players was causing its disappearance in Kabale didtrict and there was urgent need for interventions towards the revitalization of Enanga Music among the youth in Kabale district. Therefore, the study recommended that media should provide adequate space for Enanga Music to be heard in communities, cultural galas be established in communities and emphasize Enanga Music where winners are rewarded. Enanga Music should be integrated in contemporary Music styles, be documented through audio-visual media and online platforms be created where Enanga playing could be shared. Cultural bearers, makers and Enanga Music should be adequately rewarded for their efforts as a measure of appreciating their contribution to society and motivating them to carry on
Leadership styles and organisational communication in selected public universities in Uganda
No full textP. (1-13) ;This study aimed to assess the impact of leadership styles on organisational communication in selected public universities in Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on organisational communication within these universities. The four public universities included in the study were Kyambogo University, Gulu University, Busitema University, and Mbarara University of Science and Technology. A correlational research design was employed, and data was collected from a sample of managerial staff, namely administrative and academic heads, using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the data using SmartPLS. The descriptive findings indicated that the organisational communication within the university was satisfactory, and the utilisation of transformational leadership styles by the leaders was high, while the use of transactional leadership styles was moderate. The findings from the Structural Equation Modeling confirmed that both transformational and transactional leadership styles had a positive and significant impact on organisational communication, while the passive-avoidant leadership style had a positive but insignificant impact. As a result, it was concluded that while transformational and transactional leadership styles are crucial for enhancing organisational communication in public universities, the passive-avoidant management/laissez-faire style is not. The study recommended that university leaders should emphasise the use of both transformational and transactional leadership styles to improve organisational communication. This study's implication is that it identifies the leadership styles necessary for enhancing organisational communication in universities
Strategic planning and quality of instruction : a case of selected public secondary schools in Juba county, South Sudan
No full textxiii, 67 p.This research was conducted to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (DV) that include (Strategic Planning Status Quo, SWOT Analysis and Strategic Plan Implementation) and Independent Variable (IV) these include (teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge and teachers’ Content Knowledge) in selected government high schools in Juba County, South Sudan. The main objective of the study is to investigate any potential connection that existed within strategic plan and quality of Instruction. The researcher used a correlation in his research design method to measure the linkage between school strategic plan and quality of instruction in government high senior schools in Juba. He used a blended research design method in order to collect relevant respondents’ views to investigate certain burning issues and improve people’ social situations. He also used stratified sampling technique in order to place respondents into strata as per the school category (academic and technical schools). He chose a simple random method to select the subjects and applied descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data, employing Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to facilitate understanding the connection between the two variables. According to the research findings, the association between Strategic Plan (SQSP), Quality of Instruction (QOI) and was due to the following reasons: 1) achievement of organizational goals, objectives and values resulted to positive impact on Quality of Instruction, 2) by encouraging learners and making them feel the ownership of the school strategic plan, and 3) great improvement in the quality of instruction through implementation
Determinants for the uptake of takaful insurance in Uganda: an exploratory mixed approach
No full textTakaful insurance is gaining increasing popularity worldwide. However, the takaful industry is relatively new in Uganda and its research is still in embryonic stages. This study aimed at exploring the contextual determinants for the uptake of takaful insurance in Uganda, a minority Muslim country
School resources and effective implementation of e-learning in secondary schools in Kasese municipality, Uganda
No full textxi, 126 p.This study examined the influence of school resources and effective implementation of elearning in secondary schools in Kasese Municipality, Uganda. Specifically, this study examined the influence of tangible resources and effective implementation of e- learning, assessed the influence of intangible resources and e-learning, and examined the influence of school capabilities on e-learning in secondary schools in Kasese Municipality, Uganda. Using quantitative research approach, the study adopted a correlational research design on a sample of 183 teachers. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using quantitative methods. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics specifically frequencies, percentages and means, and inferential analyses particularly correlation and regression analyses. The findings revealed schools' resources in terms of tangible and intangible resources, and capabilities had a positive and significant influence on e- learning.
Therefore, it was concluded that tangible resources are essential for effective implementation of e-learning in secondary schools, intangible resources are vital for effective implementation of elearning in secondary schools and schools' capabilities are imperative for effective implementation of e-learning in secondary schools. It was thus recommended that, the Ministry of Education, directors of schools and head teachers should ensure that schools have sufficient tangible resources for e-learning in form of ICT facilities, school ICT policies and e-library resources. Directors and head teachers should ensure schools have adequate intangible resources that are technology know how, learning culture and relationship with stakeholders. Directors and head teachers should ensure schools have adequate capabilities which are experimentation, integration capability and teaching content management