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Promoting Iteso cultural values through ceramics inspired by Eritei (winnowing tray)
No full textxiv, 94 p. : col.Uganda has a rich cultural heritage, and many contemporary artists draw inspiration from traditional practices, rituals and objects. However, the unique design and cultural significance of the winnowing tray, which the researcher used has not been reflected into ceramics for interior and exterior cultural spaces. The researcher used the Eritei (winnowing tray) of the Iteso as a source of inspiration to produce ceramic artifacts for interior and exterior cultural and contemporary spaces to promote the Iteso cultural values. The objectives of the study were; to establish the cultural values of the Iteso associated with Eritei (Winnowing tray), to generate design ideas for creating ceramic artifacts inspired by the Eritei (winnowing tray), and to produce ceramic artifacts inspired by the Eritei (winnowing tray) to promote the Iteso cultural values. The study employed an exploratory research design and a qualitative approach. Eighteen respondents participated in the study. Data was collected from cultural spaces like the Uganda Museum, Nomo Gallery and Teso Cultural Research Centers; using interviews. Through studio experimentation, several trails on different designs of the Eritei (winnowing tray) of the Iteso were carried out to test their workability in clay. The researcher used hand building (pinch, slab, and coil), casting and wheel throwing methods to produce the ceramic artifacts. The study found that the discrepancies between traditional cultural values of the Iteso and modernity, coupled with misuse of social media, religion and economic aspects, have influenced people's attitudes especially among the youth in Kanyipa village, Bukedea district. The study's deduction was that produced ceramic artifacts such as wall hangings, water pots, and wall clocks inspired by the Eritei, can be used to promote Iteso cultural values in interior and exterior cultural and contemporary spaces. Drawing from the conversations with participants, studio explorations and available literature, the study recommends that the cultural values of the Iteso be preserved and passed on from generation to generation so that they do not deteriorate. Further studies could investigate research gaps; other than the winnowing tray, other lteso art crafts that also portray the Iteso cultural values
Performance evaluation of waste stabilization ponds in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds : a case of Lubigi wastewater treatment plant
No full textix, 160 p. : col.Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) have been extensively used for the treatment of wastewater due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluated the performance of WSPs in removing Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs) at the Lubigi sewage and wastewater treatment plant. Three wastewater streams were sampled; the inlet for the domestic wastewater stream, the point of discharge for cesspool empties containing faecal sludge from septic tanks, and the gulper station receiving faecal sludge from pit latrines. Additionally, samples were collected at different treatment stages i.e. the inlet to the anaerobic pond, the outlet from the anaerobic pond, and the discharge point to the facultative pond. Fresh and dried sludge samples were also collected.
Sample analysis was performed using Liquid Chromatography Mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). PhACs were present in median concentrations of 19.223 μgL-1 in wastewater from the sewer network, 13.429 μgL-1 in septage and 18.641 μgL-1 in faecal sludge from pit latrines respectively, with average concentrations of in the three source streams of up to 5300 μgL-1. WSPs exhibited the ability to remove a variety of PhACs from wastewater at an overall removal efficiency of 76.15% with the highest removal efficiency of 70-99.99% for chlortetracycline, sulfapyridine, ampicillin, gentamicin, albendazole, ibuprofen, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfaquinoxaline, and penicillin, the moderate removal efficiency was 50-70% for like paracetamol, chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin, and the lowest removal efficiency of 1-40% for sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline, diclofenac, and ciprofloxacin. PhACs like sulfamethoxazole sulfamerazine and amoxicillin were more recalcitrant exhibiting negative removal efficiencies. The study found that faecal sludge (FS) from pit latrines (3.35 ton/year) and conventional sewer network systems (1.63 ton/year), contribute to substantial volumes of wastewater entering the Lubigi sewage treatment plant and therefore consequently reduce the treatment efficiency of WSPs in removing these PhACs as compared to septic tanks (0.74 ton/year). This study recommends the substitution of pit latrines with source-separated technologies, the addition of maturation ponds and other tertiary treatment mechanisms and the use of advanced treatment technologies to effectively remove PhACs, routine monitoring of PhACs, proper disposal and management of pharmaceutical waste, and further research on the behaviour and fate of PhACs particularly regarding their transformation and potential impacts when discharged into wetland environments
Dynamic capabilities, financial literacy and financial resilience among small and medium enterprises in Kampala Capital City
No full textxiii, 88 p.The study focused on Dynamic Capabilities, Financial Literacy and Financial Resilience in SMEs in Kampala Capital City. The study was guided by four objectives, which are to; assess the relationship between dynamic capabilities and financial resilience of SMEs, establish the relationship between dynamic capabilities and financial literacy of SMEs, examine the relationship between financial literacy and financial resilience of SMEs and assess the mediating role of financial literacy on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and financial resilience of SMEs. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design with a quantitative research approach. Out 76639 SMEs, the study targeted sample size 382 participants who were determined following (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) statistical table but 274 participants managed to respond back showing a response rate of 71.7 percent. The respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and analysis was done using Social Package for Social Scientists to generate means, standard deviation, correlation, and regression. The study findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between dynamic capabilities and financial resilience at (r =.355**, p<.05), a significant and positive relationship between the financial literacy and financial resilience of SMEs at (r = .577**, p<.05) and lastly, there was a positive and significant relationship between dynamic capabilities and financial literacy at (r =.448**, p<.05). The linear regression analysis revealed that dynamic capability influenced financial resilience by (B = .338, p=.000 <0.05) while financial literacy influenced financial resilience by (B =.513, p=.000 <0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that demographic characteristics predicted financial resilience by only 0.05 percent while a combination of demographic characteristics, dynamic capabilities and financial literacy positively predicated financial resilience of SMEs with 33.7 percent. The study concluded that financial literacy was the major predictor of financial resilience of SMEs. It was recommended that future researchers should incorporate a mixed-methods approach and employ proxy measures to complement self-reporting data and reduce the impact of response bias. Ministry of Education and Sports should establish and collaborate with all education institutions to integrate financial education into the school curriculum. Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development should design and implement training programmes aimed at enhancing the financial literacy of entrepreneurs. SME owners and managers should to prioritize and invest in the development of dynamic capabilities by fostering a proactive approach, embracing change, encouraging innovation, and strategically allocating resources. SME owners and managers ought to invest in improving their financial literacy together with their employees through further studies. Finally, there is a need to integrate financial literacy training programmes into business dynamic capability frameworks
The potential of using different substrates in producing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae used as a feed supplement in livestock production
No full textxi, 61 p. : ill. (col.) ;A study was conducted on potential of using substrates in producing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae used as feed supplement in livestock production. The objectives were to: establish the nutrient composition substrates; determine the influence of selected substrate types and quantities on growth of BSF larvae; determine the influence of selected substrate types and quantities on protein of BSF larvae. Nutrient composition was determined by testing for crude protein (CP), carbohydrates and crude fat. Growth was determined by measuring weight and length of BSF larvae. Laboratory analysis of protein was used to determine protein of the larvae. Data were analyzed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Lowest Significant Difference (LSD) used to separate means. Across substrates, Mixed substrate (MS) recorded the highest crude protein, carbohydrate and crude fat as follows; 7.33%, 45% and 9.60% respectively. Brewers’ waste (CONTROL) also recorded high values for crude protein, carbohydrate and crude fat as follows; 12.07%, 58.7% and 9.0% respectively. Brewers’ waste (CONTROL), Jack fruit waste (JFW) and Mixed substrates (MS) recorded the highest length of the larvae of 10.06%, 10.30% and 11.33% respectively (P<0.05), at 750g and 1000g of substrates. MS and JFW had the highest weight of 0.318g/FM and 0.212g/FM respectively (P<0.05), at 1000g of substrate. BW and MS had the highest Survival rate (SR) of 96.19% and 96.01% respectively (P<0.05). According to the values, CONTROL had higher CP compared with RC of 19.19% and 17.89% respectively (p<0.05). The findings showed that MS and RC significantly influenced growth and protein of BSF larvae respectively
Mathematical Modelling of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis C Coinfection Dynamics with No Intervention
No full textP. (1-28) ;In this study, a deterministic tuberculosis (TB)-hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection mathematical model with no intervention is analysed purposely to examine the dynamics of TB-HCV coinfection so as to find conditions for reducing the transmission of both TB and HCV. A unique solution to the model exists; it is positive and is bounded. The analytical and numerical analysis show that for basic reproduction number, R0 = max{RT, RH} < 1, the TB and HCV disease-free equilibrium points are stable. Further analysis shows that when the TB-HCV coinfection basic reproduction number is greater than 1, the endemic equilibrium point is stable. Sensitivity analysis reveals that interventions to reduce TB or HCV infection need to aim and concentrate on minimizing the numbers of the effective contact rate with TB- or HCV-infected humans and the rate of progress from latent TB or acute HCV to infectious TB or chronic HCV stage. Numerical simulations reveal that over time, the number of TB latent humans, acute HCV humans, and the number of dually infected humans have a linear relationship with the effective contact and the progression rates for both TB- and HCV-infected humans. We recommend that health education campaigns to communities aimed at reducing the transmission rates of TB and HCV be conducted. These could include screening and isolation, wearing of face masks for TB cases and screening, sterilization of surgical instruments, and use of condoms for HCV-infected humans
Effects of waste dumping on water quality, soil and plant diversity around Cyuve dump site in Musanze city, Rwanda
No full textxii, 138 p. ;The rapid urban population growth and increasing demand for resources have led to a global surge in waste generation, a trend also evident in Musanze City. At the Cyuve dumpsite, waste accumulation poses potential threats to soil quality, surface water, and plant biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Cyuve waste dumpsite on the surrounding ecosystem, particularly focusing on soil and water quality and plant diversity. A quantitative research design was employed, with soil samples collected from three distances downstream (0–40 m, 40–80 m, and 80–120 m) and at three depths (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm, and 15–30 cm), whereas the control site was located at 100 meters upstream the dumpsite. Surface water samples were taken from three stream locations nearby to the dumpsite. Samples were analyzed during both wet and dry seasons, and statistical analysis was performed using RStudio version 4.3.1. Results from ANOA and LSD test (p ≤ 0.05), showed that soil closer to the dumpsite (0–40 m) had higher mean values for pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and cation exchange capacity (CEC), which decreased with distance. The study revealed that heavy metal concentrations, including lead, chromium, and cadmium, were highest in the soil samples collected closest to the Cyuve dumpsite. Lead levels ranged from 0.19 to 0.88 mg/kg during the wet season, with slightly elevated concentrations of 0.37 to 1.49 mg/kg in the dry season. Similarly, chromium levels varied between 2.62 and 5.44 mg/kg in the wet season, increasing to 3.38 to 6.13 mg/kg in the dry season. Cadmium concentrations followed the same pattern, ranging from 0.353 to 0.54 mg/kg in the wet season and rising slightly to 0.193 to 0.79 mg/kg during the dry season. Surface water analysis revealed increased bacterial contamination (Total Viable Count, Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli), and heavy metal concentrations downstream and middle stream, exceeding safe limits set by the Rwanda Standards Board and WHO. Despite these findings, plant diversity remained high across all distances, indicating a heterogeneous plant community. The study concluded that the Cyuve dumpsite is negatively influencing soil and water quality, posing potential health risks. The study highlights the urgent need for Musanze City to promote public awareness and education on waste reduction, recycling, and reusing materials. Community engagement is essential for fostering responsible waste management. Additionally, proper waste management solutions, such as engineered landfill sites, are crucial to prevent environmental degradation and protect natural resources
Scaling Deep the Child to Child Approach to Ease Transition From Pre-primary to Lower Primary in Uganda, Ethiopia and Malawi
No full textP. (1-6) ;Background: Children benefit more from education if they are helped to transit from one level to another.
Different strategies are always suggested and sometimes implemented to novel ideas that can promote transition, but with limited effort at scaling. The Child to Child Approach is one such approach that has been used to support the transition of children from pre-primary to early grade primary school. However, limited efforts have been made to support deep scaling, as most focus on just the interventions.
Aim: This paper highlights strategies that were used to scale deep the Child to Child approach to support the transition of children from pre-primary to lower primary in selected districts in Uganda, Malawi and Ethiopia.
Setting: This paper is based on the current situation where many interventions are being implemented in specific areas but are never scaled in marginalized communities to leverage impact.
Methods: A reflective approach, field reports and a desk review were used to collect data.
Results: Different strategies are highlighted including identifying and dealing with scaling deep concerns, engagement of relevant stakeholders at community, district and national levels and working with authorities in the area to endorse the approach worked best to settle the deep cultural uncertainties about scaling.
Conclusion: Implementers need to identify scaling deep bottlenecks early and work to solve them before embarking on scaling approach.
Contribution: This paper contributes to knowledge on what stakeholders who need to scale child to child programmes have to take into consideration for sustainability of their initiatives.
Keywords: scaling deep, child to child, early learning, transition, home base
Relationship marketing and performance of the tourism industry in Uganda: a case study of Uganda tourism board
No full textxiii, 108 p. ;This research project was designed to establish the effect of relationship marketing on the performance of UTB. The project was guided by three objectives which included: to examine the effect of communication on the performance of UTB; to establish the effect of customer trust on the performance of UTB; and to investigate the effect of customer participation on the performance of UTB. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. The research was carried at UTB. A total of 78 respondents were used in the study and were arrived at using Yamane’s formula of sample size selection arrived. Simple random sampling techniques was used to generate the sample that was used in the study. The quantitative data was analysed in form descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involved generating and presenting frequencies, means and standard deviations while inferential statistics involved use of correlation and regression analyses. Findings revealed that: there was significant positive relationship between communication and performance of UTB (r=.557**, p= .003); there was significant positive relationship between customer trust and performance of UTB (r=.499**, p= .000); and there was significant positive relationship between customer participation and performance of UTB (r=.349**, p= .001). The study concluded that concluded that; communication has a positive significant relationship with the performance of UTB, thus, it is important for the management of UTB to continue identifying effective means of communication to reach out to potential customers for sustained performance of the organisation; that customer trust has a positive significant relationship with the performance of UTB, thus, it is important for the management of UTB to design deliberate interventions to build and sustain customer trust for sustained performance of the organisation; and customer participation has a positive significant relationship with the performance of UTB, thus, it is important for the management of UTB to design deliberate interventions to attract customer participation in the shaping and delivery of tourism services. The study recommends that: UTB need to adopt communication that is biased to marketing Uganda and that marketing of the country’s tourist destinations with their uniqueness should be promoted; UTB and all Uganda tourism sector players should focus on the customers and potential customers and not the product; the government of Uganda and UTB should identify and actualize developing partnerships with the right agents; and lastly the government of Uganda should fully liberalize the tourism sector to attract more players to invest in the sectors
Device architectures for photoelectrochemical water splitting based on hematite: a review
No full textHydrogen production by photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a sustainable means that can avert the effects of
global warming caused by fossil fuels. For decades, a suitable semiconductor that can absorb solar radiation in the visible
region has been a focal research question. Hematite has a theoretical Solar-To-Hydrogen efficiency of 15% which is higher
than the 10% benchmark for PEC water splitting. Despite being cheap, chemically stable, and bearing a desired band gap,
hematite has not reached this projection due to challenges like band edge mismatch, short hole diffusion length and
charge recombination. Various articles have shown hetero-structuring is a reliable solution to some challenges due to
enhanced spectral range, enhanced carrier mobility, strong built-in electric field and thus increase in efficiency. However,
these articles lack scientific rationale on the performance of hematite and its hetero-structures on different substrates,
which is the basis for this review. Our analysis suggests that hetero-structure improves hematite’s PEC performance
due to increased spectral range, enhanced carrier mobility and built-in electric field. This review article is organized as
follows: a brief PEC background, performance parameters, Physical and Crystallographic properties of hematite, device
configurations, performance of hematite and its hetero-structures on different substrates
The relationship between young children’s influence and violence against children in selected Bugiri primary schools in Uganda
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between children's influence and violence
against children in selected Bugiri schools based on the fact that Bugiri district
had reported high rates of violence against children. The study was guided by the
following three research objectives: To establish the level of children’s influence
in the chosen schools, determining the level of violence against children at the
chosen schools, and lastly to determine the relationship between the two factors
(children’s influence and violence against children) at the chosen schools. The
study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design and was carried out at
two government-aided primary schools in the Bugiri district of Uganda. Two
hundred thirty-six (236) young children in primary three comprised the sample,
out of the 365 children in the accessible population. The data were analysed using
regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient index. The results
indicated a statistically significant, correlation between children influence and
violence against children in schools (self-esteem, role model attachment and
decision-making capacity). The study recommends that children should be used
to influence violence decisions and planning at school. Programs at school meant
to lessen violence have to include children in choosing violence reduction
strategies and implementing violence-reduction activities in schools