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Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Little Less Conversation, a Lot More Action
No full textP. (1-2)
Assessing production and nutrient composition of vermicompost of biodegradable domestic waste in Kasokoso slum in Kira municipality, Wakiso district
No full textx, 84 p. : ill. (col.) ;The study assessed the production of compost from organic domestic waste through vermicomposting. Vermicomposting is not well studied as a method of waste management in urban slums. This study uses Kasokoso slums as s case study to assess production and nutrient composition of biodegradable domestic waste through vermicomposting in slum amidst challenges of the densely populated urban slums. A total of 356 households were interviewed about waste handling methods used in the area and the challenges faced in waste handling using random sampling technique. An experiment aimed at investigating the effect of worms on soil nutrient levels over a period of four months was also carried out from November 2022 to February 2023. Five boxes containing organic waste and worms constituted the experimental sample, while the control sample comprised of five boxes of waste without worms. Samples from the experiment were collected on day one, and subsequently, monthly for the next three months. The results on waste handling practices in Kasokoso Village revealed that kitchen refuse (96.3%), plastic (31.3%), glass (22.5%), and animal waste (13.6%) were the main components of household waste. Disposal methods such as burning (32.4%), dumping in designated place (13.6%), waste pit (13.5%), open space (8.1%) and Burying (2.7%) were used by the community to manage domestically produced waste. Open dumping poses environmental and health risks. Whereas Informal waste management networks involving local individuals and collectors play a vital role, formal waste management services exist but face limitations due to cost and accessibility issues. Encouraging sustainable practices like recycling and composting is essential to tackle waste management challenges. The analysis of vermicompost quality showed an increase nutrient composition; of 5.8% nitrogen in the treatment as compared to 0.9% in the control, moisture content of 8.9% in the treatment compared to a 2.5% change in the control, and pH of 2.8% and 6.4% change in the treatment and control samples respectively. Although statistically insignificant, these nutrients were slightly higher in the experimental sample (P value of 0.161> 0.05). Challenges in waste disposal are accelerated by poor sanitation, leading to waste accumulation in public and residential areas. This results in health risks and diseases like cholera and bilharzia. The lack of a proper waste management system and limited resources make waste collection and transportation expensive and irregular. Improper waste disposal obstructs water channels, leading to damaged roads, causing stagnant water, increased flood risk, and environmental degradation. This research contributes valuable insights to the pool of knowledge regarding environmentally sustainable waste management techniques within densely populated slums of urban areas using vermicomposting. However, there is need to further research on vermicomposting using a different species of earth worms besides the red earth used in this study
Antecedents of organisational effectiveness of public universities in Uganda
No full textxxiii, 381 p. ;This study investigated the antecedents of organisational effectiveness in public universities in Uganda. Basically, the study examined whether leadership styles were antecedents’ organizational effectiveness and the moderating and mediating effects of institutional culture and communication respectively. Thus, the study also assessed whether institutional culture was an antecedent organisational effectiveness; examined whether leadership styles were antecedents of communication; and analysed whether communication was an antecedent of organizational effectiveness. The study used a correlational research design while employing the quantitative research approach. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 265 administrative and academic heads of public universities. The findings indicated that while leadership styles and communication were positive significant antecedents of organizational effectiveness of public universities, institutional culture was a positive but insignificant antecedent of organisational effectiveness of public universities. The study also revealed that the leadership styles were positive significant antecedents of organisational communication and that organizational communication was a positive significant antecedent of organisational effectiveness. The results further revealed that organisational culture had a positive and significant moderating role on the influence of leadership styles on organisational effectiveness. Furthermore, the results revealed that communication had a positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between the leadership styles and organisational effectiveness. It was thus concluded that transformational and transactional leadership styles were imperative for organisational effectiveness of public universities; in addition, institutional culture was essential for organisational effectiveness of public universities; then, leadership styles were vital for communication in public universities; and, communication was essential for organisational effectiveness of public universities, further still, the interaction between leadership styles and institutional culture was important for organisational effectiveness of public universities, and that, the mediation effect of communication was important on the influence of leadership styles on organisational effectiveness of public universities. Therefore, it was recommended that university managers should emphasise appropriate leadership styles to enhance organisational effectiveness; the university managers should promote institutional culture; the university leaders should establish effective communication for organisational effectiveness; then, the university managers should promote organisational culture for organisational effectiveness; university managers should combine effective leadership styles and institutional culture to enhance organisational effectiveness of public universities; and, the university managers besides using appropriate leadership styles, they should put in place effective communication to enhance organisational effectiveness
The Impact of Domestic Violence on the experience of being a mother: a systematic review of the subjective accounts of survivors
No full textP. (1-15) ;Domestic violence (DV) is still a silent public health pandemic globally, more so during the COVID-19 pandemic. Domestic abuse has a well-documented impact on women and its potential transgenerational consequences for their children. However, the influence of DV on a survivor's experience as a parent is rarely studied, especially in developing nations. Through a systematic review, this study aimed to examine and synthesise current global research on DV survivors' experiences regarding their parenting capacities. The objective was to understand how DV survivors perceive how their parenting capacities were impacted by the experience of DV. Five databases were searched between the periods 2010 to 2020. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Through a thematic analysis of the included articles, three core themes emerged: first, the mothers’ state of psychosocial and physical health, exacerbated or associated with the DV experience, holds association with their perceived capacity within a parental role. Second, the influence of DV on motherhood is not necessarily predictive of negative parenting practices but somewhat contingent on the mothers’ ability to mobilise supportive internal and external resources, which are often restricted and disrupted by the abusive partner. Last, decisions to leave the abusive partner are complex and subjectively reasoned by the mothers, with a common intention to protect the family. These findings suggest that more comprehensive support and preventative interventions are needed in local communities to create supportive environments that are accessible to mothers who parent in the context of DV
Democratising the Theatre for Development (TfD) Space through Balancing Power Dynamics: Analysing Practice-Based Experiences from Uganda
No full textThe awareness of power dynamics is fundamental in the implementation of a democratic Theatre for Development (TfD) process. This chapter draws from the author’s practical experiences with TfD practice in Uganda to advocate for effective balancing of the power playing plane. In the first experience, where the author participated as part of the facilitating team of the TfD project aimed at empowering small scale fish farmers, it is argued that if the funders have unrestricted power to dictate the terms of reference for TfD practice, without accommodating the views of the practitioners, it becomes difficult for practitioners to implement a truly democratic process of TfD. In another experience, in Eastern Uganda where the author participated as an invited research observer, it is observed that when the performances of power between the practitioners and the funding bodies are effectively negotiated, the TfD process, depending on the skill and ingenuity of the practitioner yields effective engagement and empowerment. The chapter urges that practitioners should always strive to establish a horizontal plane of working, in dealing with both funders and the communities with which they work. This requires practitioners to assess the impact of their actions, always negotiating and moderating the performance of power in the process
The mediating role of financial discipline on the relationship between the youth livelihood fund and youth welfare : a case of Busitema sub-county in Samia Bugwe north in Busia district
No full textxiii, 80 p.The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of financial discipline on the relationship between the Youth Livelihood Fund (YLF) and youth welfare in Busitema subcounty in Samia Bugwe North Busia District. The specific objectives included: examining the relationship between the YLF and Youth Welfare, establishing the relationship between the financial discipline and Youth Welfare, and examining the mediating role of the financial discipline on the relationship between the YLF Fund and Youth Welfare in Busitema subcounty in Samia Bugwe North in Busia District. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods.
The target population included the youths from Busitema Sub-county in Samia Bugwe north constituency in Busia District, who were direct beneficiaries of the YLP. The study used stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to select the respondents from the study population. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to gather quantitative data and an interview guide to collect qualitative data. The study employed descriptive and regression analysis techniques to address the research hypotheses. To investigate the association between the study variables, the research utilized Spearman's rank correlation test. The study tested the mediation effect using Partial Least Structural Equation Modeling (PL-SEM) with the bootstrapping method. The findings from the study reveal that the youth livelihood fund had a positive and significant association with youth welfare in Busitema sub-county. The correlation findings reveal that there was a positive and significant relationship between financial discipline and youth welfare in Busitema Subcounty. The PL-SEM findings showed that there was a positive partial mediating effect of financial discipline on the relationship between YLF and youth welfare in Busitema Subcounty.
In conclusion, the study provides evidence that financial discipline plays a remarkable positive role in mediating the effect of financial discipline on the relationship between YLF and youth welfare in Busitema Sub-County. There is a need for the expansion of the Youth Livelihood Fund to reach a wider group of eligible youth in the Busia district.
This could ensure that more young people have access to the fund. There is a need to develop and implement financial literacy programmes specifically tailored to the needs and circumstances of youth in Busitema Sub-County. These programmes should focus on budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt effectively. Enhance financial discipline training and education for youth beneficiaries of the Youth Livelihood Fund in Busitema district. This should include workshops, seminars, and educational materials to help them make responsible financial decisions
Assessing urban agricultural enterprises and their effect on food security in cities : a case study of Mbarara city south, western Uganda
No full textxiii, 111 p. : col.Urban agriculture in new cities is key and should be part and parcel of any sustainable urban physical plan but, most urban physical plans in Uganda never include urban agriculture in their urban physical plans. This is because there is limited or no information about how much contribution different urban agricultural enterprises make towards the food security of urban dwellers. This study was about urban agriculture and food security among urban household farmers in Mbarara City south division. The specific objectives included; to examine the effect of urban animal farming on food security among urban households, assess the effect of urban poultry farming on food security among urban households, analyze the effect of urban arable farming on food security among urban households and assess the effect of multiple urban agricultural enterprises on food security among urban household farmers in Mbarara City south division. A cross-sectional design using both quantitative and qualitative methods was used for data collection and analysis. Data was corrected from 307 respondents sampled using proportionate and stratified strategies using questionnaires, direct observation and interviews. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, binomial statistical test and Pearson chi-square basing on a scientific scale called Household Food Access Scale. If the P-value was less than 0.05 to food security indicator, it meant that there was significant difference but when the P. value was above 0.05 to food security indicator, it meant that there was no significant difference. Results showed that majority of urban household farmers who practiced urban animal farming ,urban poultry farming and multiple urban agricultural enterprises were mildly food insecure while, majority of urban household farmers who practiced urban arable farming were food secure. Therefore, urban arable farming was the most efficient practice while urban poultry farming was the least efficient practice. The study concludes that urban arable farming should be encouraged among urban household farmers since it promoted food security to the division compared to other enterprises in Mbarara city south. Therefore, programmes to encourage urban arable farming should be emphasized by urban physical planners of the city by showing that it can be practiced in sacks, rooftops, small plots, containers and verandas
The potential contribution of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit pulp in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textDiet is the main modifiable risk factor underlying the progression of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The African olive (Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.) of the family Burseraceae and genus Canarium is a source of food and medicine. This review summarized information on the nutritional and chemical composition of the Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit pulp and explored its potential application in the management of T2DM. The literature search covered scientific databases comprising of Science Direct, Springer, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Science Hub and Google Scholar, from April 2023 up to January 2024. The following keywords were used: “Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.”, “Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit pulp”, “Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. nutrition value, chemical composition and bioactive compounds”, “Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. against T2DM”, and “Nutritional requirements for T2DM”. This review evaluates the current state of research of global literature from 1992 to 2022 (n = 450) on Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. and T2DM. Data and information from literature (n = 115) was included in the review. The results of different studies showed that Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit was composed of a wide range of nutritional and chemical components such as minerals, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, the fruit contains bioactive compounds reported to be effective against T2DM. Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. contains phytochemicals such as saponins, phenolics, alkaloids and flavonoids that have positive effects on cardio-metabolic health. Although the T2DM therapeutic effects of Canarium schweinfurthii bark stem extracts and fruit pulp oil have been reported, the therapeutic potential of the whole fruit pulp is yet to be reported
Characterization of potato genotypes for desirable agronomic traits, morphological attributes and processing qualities in Kigezi highlands
No full textxv, 101 p. : col.Potato is an important staple food crop as well as a cash crop more especially for the highland areas of Uganda. There have been gaps in potato genotypes in regard to desirable growth traits, favorable morphological attributes and processing qualities in Kigezi highlands. The main objective of this research is to identify potato genotypes with favorable growth traits, morphological characteristics, and processing attributes that are adapted to the Kigezi Highlands of Uganda, in order to boost potato production. A total of l7 genotypes including l4 newly bred and three variety checks (Victoria, NAROPOT4 and Cruza) were used in the study. The experimental sites included Kalengyere at 2450 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l) and KaZARD[ at 2,200 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l). Morphological data vvere recorded during the harvesting time after which samples were collected for processing and assessment of quality. The experiments were conducted during the wet months of March -June (Season A) and September- December (Season B) in 2020. The results revealed significant variations in growth and morphological traits among genotypes, seasons and within locations. Genotypes with desirable growth traits were 393220.54xNKRN59.48, NAROPOT4, and 393220.54. Genotype 57.8X59.4l was found to have poor agronomic traits. Genotypes NAROPOT4x77.54 and NAROPOT4x 39.107 were found with more · resistance to late blight disease and and genetype Victoria 392bt.18 were found more susceptible to late blight disease across the two sites. Genotypes which were found to be highly yielding were 59.41x220.54 and N AROPT4x 38.107. The least yielding genotype across the two study sites and seasons was 39266.18. Genotypes with highest dry matter content were found to be 59.41x220.54 and 26.103x11.2 while those with low dry matter (<20%) were Kinigix l9.l 7, and 395077.12. Genotypes found with favourable qualities should be subjected to further evaluations in more diverse agro-ecological zones of Uganda
Implications of aerobic exercise on clinical outcomes of HIV positive clients in Uganda: a case of general military hospital-Bombo
No full textxv,167 p. : ill. (col.) ;Aerobic exercise may be a helpful treatment for a variety of ART side effects and symptoms, according to studies from both healthy individuals and those with various chronic illnesses. The use of aerobic exercise to address the symptoms, and undesirable side effects that lower the quality of life for people with chronic HIV infection is currently being investigated. This study's primary goal was to determine how aerobic exercise affected the clinical outcomes of HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. It further aimed at evaluating the effect of a 12 weeks aerobic exercise on immunological measures, functional work capacity and psychological markers of HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda. The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms among participants. The participants were divided into two groups at random: Group 1, which received a moderately intense aerobic exercise program for twelve weeks, and Group 2, which received no treatment. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was used to screen both groups. Clinical outcomes, like: immunological measurements, were then evaluated using Clusters of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Functional work capacity using Rate of Perceived Extortion (RPE)/ Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and psychological markers using a questionnaire. The aerobic exercise intervention was administered to the experimental group for twelve weeks. Members of the control group were called weekly to make a follow up on them during the 12 weeks and ensure that they did not feel left out of the survey. Following the completion of the 12-week post-test, the results showed that: (i) aerobic exercises significantly increased the CD4 count in experimental group with an average mean of 29.7% and a p=0.001; (ii) It had a statistically significant effect the functional work capacity of HIV positive clients on ART with p<0.001 which was less than initial p= 0.05, a decreased heart rate, significantly improved VO2 max from 25.13 ml/kg/min to 34.19 ml/kg/min and (iii) it also had significant effect on psychological markers indicating a decrease in paranoid ideation, depression, neuroticism, anxiety, and phobia in HIV positive clients on ART with p-value<0.001. Therefore, well-structured supervised 12 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercises at a tempo of 120-150 beats per minute improved CD4 cell in the body of HIV positive clients on ART. It also improved the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. It is recommended that aerobic exercise be used as an additional therapy in the care and treatment of HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda by adding it in the HIV care and treatment guidelines. There is also need to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on other clinical outcome like viral load, body composition and adherence to drugs