International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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An Analytical Approach for DG Placement in Reconfigured Distribution Networks
Get PDFA novel approach is proposed in this paper for optimal placement of DG units in reconfigured distribution system with the aim of reduction of real power losses while satisfying operating constraints. The proposed analytical method for optimal DG placement is developed based on a new mathematical formulation. Type-I and type-II DG units are used here. The results of the proposed technique are validated on IEEE 69 bus distribution system. The level of DG penetration is also considered in a range of 0–50% of total system load. A novel index is also proposed which incorporates level of DG penetration and percentage reduction in real power losses. The results are promising when compared with recently proposed algorithms
Effects of the Droop Speed Governor and Automatic Generation Control AGC on Generator Load Sharing of Power System
Get PDFIn power system, as any inequality between production and consumption results in an instantaneous change in frequency from nominal, frequency should be always monitored and controlled. Traditionally, frequency regulation is provided by varying the power output of generators which have restricted ramp rates. The Automatic Generation Control AGC process performs the task of adjusting system generation to meet the load demand and of regulating the large system frequency changes. A result of the mismatches between system load and system generation, system frequency and the desired value of 50 Hz is the accumulation of time error. How equilibrium system frequency is calculated if load parameters are frequency dependent, and how can frequency be controlled. Also, how do parameters of a speed governor affect generated power. The transient processes before system frequency settles down to steady state. Finally, AGC in what way is it different from governor action. This paper presents new approaches for AGC of power system including two areas having one steam turbines and one hydro turbine tied together through power lines
Practical Measurements for Electric Properties of Polyethylene Nanocomposite Thin Films Under Thermal Conditions
Get PDFPolymer properties can be experimentally tailored by adding small amounts of different nanoparticles to enhance its mechanical, thermal and electrical properties; thus, it has been widely anticipated that the combination of nanoparticles with traditional resin systems. This paper has been studied the enhancement and controlling electric and dielectric properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer materials by cost-fewer nanoparticles. Certain percentages of clay and fumed silica nanoparticles have been enhanced electric and dielectric properties of polyethylene nanocomposite films. Dielectric spectroscopy has been measured the electric and dielectric properties of each polyethylene nanocomposite with and without nanoparticles at various frequencies up to1kHz under different thermal conditions (20oC and 60oC). Also, it has been investigated the optimum types and percentages of cost-fewer nanoparticles for enhancing electric and dielectric characterization at low and high temperatures
Impact of Buried Conductor Length on Computation of Earth Grid Resistance
Get PDFEffective design of substation earth grid implies achieving low earth grid resistance and fulfillment of the safety criteria at the lowest possible cost. This paper presents an evaluation of IEEE Standard 80-2000 Equations 50 to 52 to determine the impact of buried conductor length on computation of earth grid resistance. Calculated results indicated that a saturation point is reached beyond which further addition of more conductor length does not significantly reduce the earth grid resistance but incurs more economic implications. These were validated by earth grids designed using CDEGS where good agreement between the calculated and simulated results was found
An Adaptive RTRL Based Neurocontroller for Damping Power System Oscillations
Get PDFThe main objective of this paper is to present the design of an adaptive neuro-controller for series connected FACTS devices like Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Power Angle Regulator (TCPAR). This control scheme is suitable for non-linear system control, in which the exact linearised mathematical model of the system is not required. The proposed controller design is based on Real Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm in which the Neural Network (NN) is trained in real time. This control scheme requires two sets of neural networks. The first set is a neuro-identifier and the second set is a neurocontroller which generates the required control signals for the thyristors. Performance of the system is analysed with the proposed controller using standard simulation environments like MATLAB/SIMULINK and it has been observed that the controlleris robust and the response is very fast. Performance of the system with proposed controller is compared with conventional PI controllers and GA based PI controllers. Performace of the proposed controller is extremely good
Experimental Evaluation and Validation of Random Pulse Position Pulse Width Modulation for Industrial Drives
Get PDFIn industrial drives, random pulse width modulation (RPWM) is triumph for transferring of harmonic power from the detached spectrum of the output voltage to the unremitting spectrum, and offers the merits viz. The operation is free from an unpleasant acoustic noise and a mechanical vibration. The main objective of this paper is providing a comprehensive investigation of performance of random pulse position pulse width modulation (RPPPWM) for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor drives. RPPWM scheme randomly varies the pulse position in every switching cycle, where the idea is inducing the random characteristics in the PWM pulses at fixed switching frequency. The competence in spreading the harmonic power of sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), random carrier PWM (RCPWM) and the RPPWM are compared using simulation. The results are corroborated through the prototype VSI designed. The developed RPPPWM based on a SPARTAN-6 FPGA (XC6SLX45) device, disperses the acoustic switching noise spectra of an induction motor driv
Underwater Target Tracking Using Unscented Kalman Filter
Get PDFUnlike conventional active sonar, that transmits the sound signals and revealing their presence and position to enemy forces. The probable advantage of passive sonar is that it detects the signals emitted by the target, leads to improve localization, target tracking, and categorization. The challenging aspect is to estimate the true bearing and frequency measurements from the noisy measurements of the target. Here in this paper, it is recommended for the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to track the target by using these noisy measurements. The Target Motion Analysis (TMA), which is the way to find the target’s trajectory by using frequency and bearing measurements, is explored. This method provides a tactical advantage over the classical bearing only tracking target motion analysis. It makes the observer maneuver unnecessary
A New Advanced Topology for Photo Voltaic Applications
Get PDFThis article proposes a high efficient DC-DC step-up converter with a single switch. This is particularly suited for Photo Voltaic (PV) applications, automotive applications, battery operated vehicles etc., in which voltage is step up from 10V to 500V. This converter operates at 100 kHz due to which switching losses are comparatively high. This topology proposes a scheme to mitigate power losses across the switch and to achieve high efficiency by Zero Current Switching (ZCS) at “Turn ON and Turn OFF” states. Proposed converter uses a single switch to reduce the losses in the converter and observed 98% of overall efficiency in the converter. The proposed converter is verified by its experimental results
Comparison Between Two-Level Converter and Three-level NPC Converter for Evaluation the Quality Power of DFIG Based Wind Turbines
Get PDFThis paper deals the power control for three-level voltage source inverter NPC-VSI feeds the rotor of the doubly fed induction generator ‘DFIG’ based wind power generation system. This converter allows controlling the rotor voltage in magnitude and phase angle with a high flexibility and can therefore be used for active and reactive power control of DFIG. The control is especially designed to reduce the harmonic distortion of the generated currents and active power ripples of the classical control. In addition, it’s convenient for high power drive and variable speed generator applications with constant switching frequency. The detailed operation principle and simulation results for 3 MW of DFIG are also discussed
FPGA Based Fault Tolerant Scheme on Four Switch Voltage Source Inverter
Get PDFThis paper presents an efficient methodology to detect the fault occurrence and its tolerance of four switch voltage source inverter in a single Xilinx Spartan 3E Field Pro-grammable Gate Array (FPGA). The merit of this proposed system reduces the time period between fault existence and its isolation with four switches in two legs instead of six switches in three legs so as to minimize the switching losses, accuracy, and better recovery time. The FPGA platform supports the run-time reconfiguration of control functions and algorithms directly in hardware and meets hard real-time performance criteria in terms of timings for SVPWM generation, fault detection time and fault tolerance time. Simulation and Experimental results of this proposed system is demonstrated and verified