International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Fuzzy logic-based approach for optimal allocation of distributed generation in a restructured power system
Get PDFFuzzy logic emerges as a powerful tool for optimizing power flow solutions, particularly in the context of deregulated power systems. By employing fuzzy logic controls, the ideal placement of distribution generators (DGs) can be determined, ensuring the reliability indices are identified through optimal power flow solutions and fuzzy logic controllers to maintain system feasibility. In a deregulated power system, strategic placement of distribution generator units plays a crucial role in minimizing power loss and enhancing overall system performance by mitigating fluctuations. To identify areas of weakness, especially within transmission companies, accessing optimal power flow algorithms becomes essential in a deregulated power system. Both transmission and distribution networks should be appropriately adjusted to alleviate congestion within the respective companies. The aggregator must assess system performance, utilizing data obtained from distribution and transmission companies within the deregulated power system
Assessing transformer health through analysis of dissolved gases in cooling oil
Get PDFGases can form within the insulation system for various reasons while a transformer is in operation. If these gases are not promptly and properly managed, they can negatively impact the transformer's performance. Using the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) method to identify and assess the type and quantity of dissolved gases in transformer oil can uncover potential issues within the transformer. This information is crucial for guiding preventive maintenance and necessary repairs. Dissolved gas analysis testing was conducted by extracting transformer oil samples to identify signs of disturbances in the transformer based on the dissolved gas content. This research was conducted at the Paiton plant operations and maintenance services division. The condition of transformers was assessed by analyzing dissolved gases using the Rogers ratio method. Results indicate that the transformer at Paiton 9 is in good condition but overheating has occurred and requires treatment. Conversely, the transformers at Paiton 1 and 2 are in poor condition, showing signs of electrical faults and excessive heat. Despite several attempts to add inhibitors and conduct frequent testing, the transformers remained in poor condition, necessitating their replacement or repair
An overview of the future smart charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
Get PDFSmart charging is a technology that allows electric vehicles (EVs) to communicate with charging devices. This paper presents an overview of smart EV charging. Smart charging is a future solution for businesses, allowing them to remotely monitor EV charging events, manage charging stations, and concentrate on their core operations. It also simplifies payments, regulates electricity consumption, and makes charging stations easy to manage. Smart charging solutions assist utility companies in developing their own EV charging networks by stabilizing the grid, adapting to changing demands, and easily managing multiple charging stations. Furthermore, the visibility of all actions at charging stations facilitates keeping track of business activities. Smart charging is a critical component of electric vehicles (EVs) because it provides future-proof features such as cloud connectivity, standardized socket types, and backend compatibility. Smart EV charging includes an admin panel for managing multiple charging points, automatic payments and billing, end-user mobile and web apps, charging station roaming, dynamic load management (DLM), and energy management. These features enable charging stations to better manage their resources, attract more users, and protect the local grid against peak loads
New formulas generalized to the evaluations of solar irradiations captured on horizontal surfaces and optimal inclinations
Get PDFThis work offers two significant contributions. The first concerns the proposal of a new formula for evaluating solar radiation on a horizontal plane in the sense of Joseph Fourrier's thermal equation. From which we deduce the characterization of solar radiation under overcast and almost overcast conditions. The second approach is dedicated to the calculation of solar irradiation captured on a fixed inclined surface. This consists of adding the expression of solar radiation coming from the horizontal plane with the overall balance of losses along the path of solar radiation. It appears that, contrary to the results of the models resulting from the Angstrom Prescott formula, the coefficients R= 0.9972, R2= 0.9952, and MAPE= 0.061 for the Garoua data and R= 0.8849, R2= 0.9407, and MAPE= 0.05, for the El Jadida data show that the results of the first proposed formula are well correlated with the measured values. Furthermore, using the optimal tilt angles, the second formula we proposed presents well-correlated results, such that: R= 0.9997, R2= 0.9978, and MAE= 4.1470 for Garoua data and R= 0.9994, R2= 0.9959, and MAE= 7.7742 for El Jadida data
Reliability oriented performance evaluation of PV inverter with bifacial panels considering albedos
Get PDFThe recent advancements in the solar photovoltaic technology is bifacial panels. These panels are capable of producing higher energy than their conventional panels by capturing from both front and rear sides. By harvesting solar energy from both the front and rare surfaces of the panels, the load on the inverters can increase. This affects its reliability performance. Nevertheless, inverter is reported as the critical component in the photovoltaic (PV) system. Hence this work presents reliability-oriented performance evaluation of PV inverter with bifacial panels is proposed. A 3-kilowatt photovoltaic system has been considered with yearly mission profile data at Hyderabad, India. This evaluation is carried out under various albedos. Finally, a comparison between monofacial and bifacial PV panel are presented. The results show that the albedo significantly impacts the lifetime of a PV inverter and therefore, the albedo should be considered when designing a bifacial panel's inverter
Performance evaluation of solar-PV integrated hybrid fuzzy-logic controlled multi-functional UPQC for enhancing PQ features
Get PDFTo improve distribution system voltage and current quality, a newly built solar-PV system connected multi-functional universal power quality compensator (MFUPQC) has been extensively used. The proposed MFUPQC mitigates both load and source-side concerns in a three-phase distribution system. Furthermore, as part of the distributed generation scheme, active power from solar PV is injected into the grid or source when solar PV is available. In this context, the proposed MFUPQC was tested in both PQ enhancement and DG integration modes using a feasible control scheme. The proportional-integral controller is used for shunt- voltage-source inverter (VSI) DC-link control, which is not suitable for regulating DC-link voltage at the desired level due to incorrect gain value selection. In this work, an intelligent hybrid-fuzzy-logic DC-link control of MFUPQC evidences the intelligent knowledge base for better regulation of power-quality issues. The suggested hybrid fuzzy-logic controlled MFUPQC device's performance for both power quality (PQ) improvement and DG integration is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink software tool, and simulation results are provided with an appealing comparison analysis
Maximum power optimization of a direct-drive wind turbine connected to PMSG using multi-objective genetic algorithm
Get PDFThis work aimed to develop and evaluate a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). PMSG is commonly used to generate direct-drive and variable-speed wind energy. Initially, the generator and converter on the DC load side are controlled to follow the wind speed reference set by the MPPT algorithm. The paper presents the optimization problem formulation, including the optimization space, constraints, and objectives. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to extract the maximum power from the WECS in this design improvement. In this study, to control and stabilize the maximum power point (MPP) of the wind turbine, a proportional integral (PI) controller and a GA heuristic approach were utilized. The GA approach was employed to determine the best settings (Kp, Ki) using MATLAB/Simulink with a 12.3 kW PMSG to model and simulate the proposed system. Based on four performance indicators-integrated squared error (ISE), integrated absolute error (IAE), integrated time absolute error (ITAE), and integrated time squared error (ITSE), the GA approach was used to optimize the controller settings. The results of the simulation show that the wind turbine (WT) can effectively track the necessary MPP. The simulation's output also includes generated power, DC bus voltage, electromagnetic torque, and currents
Study of cuckoo search MPPT algorithm for standalone photovoltaic system
Get PDFThe low operating and maintenance expenses of photovoltaic (PV) power generation make it a popular choice for rural power generation systems. Solar radiation, temperature, and load impedance are the major factors influencing the final output of solar PV. Consequently, the solar PV system experiences oscillations in its operation. These oscillations in the operating point pose a difficulty in transferring maximum power from the source to the load in an efficient way. A method called as โmaximum power point trackingโ is used to address this problem. This technique eliminates oscillations ensure that stability of operating point at the maximum power point. PV has several maximum power points (MPP) under partial shade situations, which is characterized by its non-linear features. As a result, it is challenging to find actual MPP. While tracking and collecting the maximum power from PV, the cuckoo search optimization (CSO) technique developed by biological intelligence is used in this article. The cuckoo search (CS) has several advantages, including a short tuning process that is efficient as well as fast convergence. The step-up converter steps up the voltage. In order to steady the converter, the counter variable is employed to provide delay. Resistive load is present
A new step-up DC-DC converter topology using switched inductor and switched capacitor networks for high negative DC voltage applications
Get PDFThis study presents a novel topology for a high-gain Cuk converter without isolation, leveraging switched-inductor (SL) and switched-capacitor (SC) networks tailored for renewable energy sources. Unlike traditional Cuk converters that perform negative-to-positive boost DC-DC voltage conversion, this innovative design offers a significantly enhanced voltage-boosting capacity. They evolve from the conventional Cuk converter by integrating an SL instead of the singular inductor and substituting the energy-transferring capacitor with an SC. The standout benefits of the modified Cuk converters include a remarkable voltage conversion ratio and minimized voltage stress on the primary switch, allowing a low-voltage-rated switch for greater efficiency. Comparatively, the proposed designs surpass the classical Cuk and a few modified Cuk converters in voltage gain and reduced switch voltage stress. The converter also avoids the need for transformers or coupled inductors, resulting in minimized volume, loss, and expense. The converters' operation in continuous conduction mode is rigorously analyzed in this study. After deriving all the relevant equations, they are validated against outcomes. The proposed Cuk converter topology was simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink tool, and the findings are deliberated. The performance of the proposed converter is compared with the other converters, and the proposed converter's superiority is proved through the obtained results
A new algorithm is employed for the efficient allocation of distributed generation resources
Get PDFThe bat algorithm (BA) has emerged as a promising meta-heuristic approach, demonstrating its efficiency in tackling diverse optimization problems across the areas such as engineering design, issues with economic load dispatch, power and energy systems, image processing, and medicinal applications. Due to its potential to increase grid resilience, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and increase energy efficiency, the incorporation of distributed generation (DG) into contemporary power systems has drawn a lot of interest. This paper presents technique for the optimal allocation of DG units, aiming to address existing challenges and improve the overall performance of the power system. The proposed BA technique combines advanced optimization algorithms with comprehensive power system modelling to identify the optimal locations and capacities for DG installation. Key factors are taken into account to formulate a multi-objective optimization problem that includes minimizing power losses, enhancing voltage stability, and minimizing the environmental impact while considering economic feasibility. The algorithm is applied on standard IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems as test cases and a result has been discussed