International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Effective assessment of power transformer insulation using time-varying model without temperature constraints
Get PDFThis paper proposes a method for insulation diagnosis using the time-varying model. The parameters of the stated model are unique and can be recognized by the polarization current. Several methodologies have been reported for insulation diagnosis using various insulation models. However, moisture information without considering the effect of measurement temperature is bound to provide inaccurate result. Temperature significantly affects the dielectric response of materials. As the temperature rises, various important changes take place. Increased temperatures can boost molecular mobility, resulting in higher polarization, which in turn affects the material's dielectric constant and loss. Additionally, higher temperatures typically raise conductivity due to improved charge carrier mobility, further influencing the dielectric response. Hence, the effect of measurement temperature on insulation diagnosis is discussed in this paper so that responses recorded at different temperatures can be effectively compared. The proposed methodology for determining insulation state is tested using data from real-life power transformers
Evaluation of sensorless VF-MRAS and FOC-MRAS of IM electrical drive system
Get PDFThis paper evaluates the performance of sensorless vector and scalar control methods, namely field-oriented control-based model reference adaptive system (FOC-MRAS) and voltage frequency-based model reference adaptive system (VF-MRAS), applied to an induction motor (IM) driven by a space vector modulation inverter. In motorized systems, conventional control methods use mechanical sensors, which can be cumbersome and costly. To overcome these limitations, sensorless control techniques based on speed estimation have been introduced. In this paper, MRAS-based sensorless speed control for IM drives using rotor flux is used. This adaptive system uses a reference model based on rotor flux and implements closed-loop control. The estimated speed derived from the current and voltage models is compared to the desired speed and adjusted by the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The performances of the approaches are evaluated in terms of speed regulation and minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux ripples, through a comparative analysis of sensor and sensorless controls under various operating conditions, including variable loads and speed reversal. The simulation results obtained, using consistent criteria for both methods, confirm the effectiveness of sensorless control
Effect of DC link capacitor short-circuit on an inverter fed induction motor performance
Get PDFInduction motors are widely used in industrial power plants because of their durability, reliability and high performance under different operating conditions of the electrical system. It is also important to note that most of these motors are controlled by variable frequency drives. By adjusting the drive parameters, the motor can be managed according to design. The reliability of motor control systems based on variable speed drives is therefore crucial for industrial applications. Unlike induction motors, the power supply components of these electrical machines are delicate and susceptible to faults. To enhance the performance of the control-motor system, it is essential for researchers to understand how faults affect the drive system as a whole. In this context, this paper addresses short-circuit faults in the intermediate circuit capacitor of an induction motor driven by an inverter. The simulation results of these capacitors faults are presented, and their impact on the behavior of the rectifier, the inverter, and the induction motor is analyzed and interpreted
Performance comparison of core loss in induction motor using non-oriented electrical steels
Get PDFInduction motor (IM) enjoy certain advantages that include simple design, robust construction, reliable operation, low initial cost, easy operation and simple maintenance besides offering reasonable efficiency. Modelling and definition of procedures leading to good estimation of core losses in induction motors from material test data is still a challenge, is considered as problem statement. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the core loss in an induction motor (IM) by analyzing a selection of non-grain oriented electrical steel materials and then identifying for each represented whether it can be used both as stator and rotor core material. As core loss is influenced by factors such as air gap, B-H theory, eddy currents and excess loss coefficients and Steinmetzuhl factor, this study is intended to improve the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Influencing core loss are the amounts of flux density and elasticity of material. This study was accomplished by using three sorts of non oriented electrical steel: DI MAX-M15, DI MAX-M19, and DI MAX-M36. A 5 HP induction motor was the subject for finite element method (FEM) simulations whose results have been verified by empirical relations, which show the merit of using non oriented electrical steel as core material
A novel WSSA technique for multi-objective optimal capacitors placement and rating in radial distribution networks
Get PDFMinimizing power loss while keeping the voltage profile within acceptable limits is a great challenge for the distribution system operators. Properly sized and optimally placed shunt capacitors (SCs) in radial distribution networks (RDNs) can enhance system efficiency and offer both technical and economic benefits. This paper presents a novel meta-heuristic technique, the weight salp swarm algorithm (WSSA) as a modified version of the original SSA algorithm by incorporating an inertia weight parameter to improve precision, speed, and consistency in solving the optimal capacitor placement (OCP) problem. The proposed method minimizes power loss, annual total costs, and improves the voltage profile of RDNs, ensuring practical applicability. Two RDNs, IEEE 33-bus and a real Iraqi 65-bus in Sadat Al-Hindiya, Babel Governorate, Iraq, were used to evaluate WSSA's performance. Comparative analysis with recently published approaches demonstrates WSSA’s superiority in reducing power loss, lowering costs, and improving voltage profiles. For the IEEE 33-bus, power loss is decreased by 34.81%, and the total cost is lessened by 29.08% (savings of 69,201.57). These results confirm WSSA’s effectiveness in achieving OCP with enhanced technical and economic benefits
Arduino based stepper motor speed regulation for robotics applications
Get PDFThis paper presents a stepper motor drive using the hybrid two-phase model. The stepper motor changes the pulse signals into angular displacement with some angles. Stepper motors are used to control the speed and are also more reliable for smooth operations. The stepper motor provides constant holding torque with controlled speed ranges from 0 to 6000 range. The closed-loop control technique with park transformation is used to control the speed torque variables in a design range. The simulation and hardware results were discussed in MATLAB\Simulink software. The verified simulation results are motor source voltage, motor source current, motor speed, and torque. The hardware results are also implemented in this paper, the implemented circuit by using Arduino microcontroller
A comprehensive review on power quality issues and disturbances mitigation through shunt active power filters
Get PDFIn contemporary power systems, power quality (PQ) has become a matter of paramount concern. The challenges associated with PQ extend beyond conventional three-phase systems, encompassing the integration of various distributed generation (DG) sources like renewable energy installations, storage systems, and diverse power generation technologies such as diesel generators and fuel cells. The prevalent adoption of rapid-switching devices within the utility infrastructure has resulted in a surge of harmonics and reactive power disturbances. The increased use of harmonics-producing loads has led to several power quality issues, particularly harmonics. The distortions caused by these power quality issues must adhere to the limits established by international standards. Mitigation of these concerns is critical, and active power filters are a realistic option. However, passive filters have problems such as bulkiness, and resonance with either/both load and utility impedance, and the source impedance affects filtering properties. As a result, active power filters (APF) are designed to address the shortcomings of passive filters. Active power filters (APF) offer several advantages over passive filters, including compact size, enhanced filtering characteristics, dynamic performance, and flexible operation. The control strategy of APF strongly influences the APF performance, efficiency, and reliability. This paper presents a detailed assessment of current active filter control systems, highlighting their key features. The characteristics, performance, applicability, and implementation of various control techniques are explored and investigated
Simulation analysis of electric vehicle charging station using hybrid sources
Get PDFThis paper described simulation analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charging station using hybrid sources. This paper highlights electric vehicle charging station with photovoltaic panels, batteries, and diesel generator. This study employs a solar, battery, diesel generator set, and grid electric vehicle charging station to provide continuous charging in is landed, grid-linked, and Diesel generator (DG) set connected modes. By utilizing a solar and battery, the charging of battery in electric vehicle application is the primary objective If the storage battery is poor and there is no solar generation, The mode of charging automatically shifted to grid or diesel generator set. Furthermore, the charging station manages the generator voltage and frequency without the need of a mechanical speed governor in conjunction with the storage battery. The demand is nonlinear at unity power factor (UPF). For continuous charging, power used from the grid or the DG set and it is synchronized to the grid/generator voltage by the point of common coupling voltage. To boost charging station operating efficiency, the charging station also performs all power transfer from car to grid, vehicle to house, and vehicle to vehicle
Grid-connected double-stage PV system with space vector PWM inverter and MPPT
Get PDFBecause of the increasing demand for non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic system integration into the electrical grid is becoming more crucial. It is advised to employ a double-stage grid-connected PV system. This can be employed with the main parts boost converter, which helps to boost the DC output from the PV channels. And next one is the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter which can provide better harmonic performance and higher efficiency compared to traditional PWM methods. The SVPWM technique is employed to modulate the inverter output, generating a sinusoidal AC waveform that matches the grid frequency and voltage. By adjusting the pulse width to achieve effective and trustworthy grid integration. To maximize power extraction takes place by using maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The SVPWM inverter is crucial in converting DC power to AC power and enabling grid connection. Utilizing SVPWM allows exact control of voltage magnitude, frequency, and phase angle to provide high-quality sinusoidal AC output voltage. The power quality of the electricity pumped into the grid is improved by this precise management, which also ensures adherence to grid standards and reduces harmonic interference
Recent research and developments of degradation assessment and its diagnosis methods for solar PV plant: a review
Get PDFThe world is moving forward to a transition in the form of increasing the contribution of renewable energy sources in the energy sector, and among these, solar photovoltaic-based power generation is catching pace. Several factors are responsible for the lowering of outputs due to different degradation causes such as hotspots, corrosion, humidity, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, temperature effects, dust, aging, weathering, yellowing, snail trails, discoloration, junction box failure, delamination, cracks, and faults from the solar photovoltaic (PV) plants. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various form of degradation and their implications on solar PV power plant performance. The review has been carried out considering the different degradation causes and their identification methods in solar PV plant. Further, the analysis has been done on the basis of the earlier studies to understand the rates of degradation for various solar PV power plants in various climatic conditions. The PV technologies used in solar power plants are also responsible for the change in the performance of power plants over time; therefore, degradation based on different solar PV cell technologies is also analyzed. The visual inspection tools like thermal imaging with IR cameras help identify areas with abnormal heat patterns, indicating potential issues like cell or interconnect failures, loose electrical connections, or bypass diode malfunctions while EL cameras are used to identify low-level electrical excitation and defects such as cracks, hotspots, and cell-level degradation