International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT)
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Improved inception-V3 model for apple leaf disease classification
Get PDFApple, a nutrient-rich fruit belonging to the genus Malus, is recognized for its fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, giving health benefits such as improved digestion and reduced cardiovascular disease risk. In Indonesia, the soil and climate create favorable conditions for apple cultivation. However, it is essential to prioritize the health of the plant. Biotic factors, such as fungal infections like apple scabs and pests, alongside abiotic factors like temperature and soil moisture, impact the health of apple plants. Computer vision, specifically convolution neural network (CNN) inception-V3, proves effective in aiding farmers in identifying these diseases. The output layer in inception-V3 is essential, generating predictions based on input data. For this reason, in this paper, we add an output layer in inception-V3 architecture to increase the accuracy of apple leaf disease classification. The added output layers are dense, dropout, and batch normalization. Adding a dense layer after flattening typically consolidates the extracted features into a more compact representation. Dropout can help prevent overfitting by randomly deactivating some units during training. Batch normalization helps normalize activations across batches, speeding up training and providing stability to the model. Test results show that the proposed method produced an accuracy of 99.27% and can increase accuracy by 1.85% compared to inception-V3. These enhancements showcase the potential of leveraging computer vision for precise disease diagnosis in apple crops
Mastering information security through standard implementation
Get PDFThis paper aims to enhance information security within an organization, considering the perennial concern for security in organizations utilizing ICT applications. Educational institutions also exhibit deficiencies in the domain of data security. The adoption of international organization for standardization (ISO) 27001-2013 served to pinpoint potential vulnerabilities and non-compliance with safety standards, aiming to minimize associated risks. Through this framework, an assessment of data security within public educational institutions in our country was conducted, focusing on a public university as a case study. Given the sensitive nature of this field, guidance is provided on identifying security-related issues based on ISO 27001 standards and on-ground situations. Surveys were employed, aligning with the required standards, to scan the prevailing situation. Data from surveys at public academic institution were collected and analyzed using the SPSS application. The findings underscore instances where security protocols can prevent or mitigate abuses, consequently enhancing the overall level of data security. Emphasizing education as a pivotal recommendation, this study advocates for educating personnel who handle sensitive data, derived from the application of these standards. This paper accounts for potential risks that could expose organizational weaknesses and thoroughly elucidates the steps and procedures undertaken in this approach, substantiated by illustrated examples
Fault detection in single-hop and multi-hop wireless sensor networks using a deep learning algorithm
Get PDFThe wireless sensor network (WSN) has received significant recognition for its positive impact on environmental monitoring, yet its reliability remains prone to faults. Common factors contributing to faults include connectivity loss from malfunctioning node interfaces, disruptions caused by obstacles, and increased packet loss due to noise or congestion. This research employs a variety of machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify and address these faults, aiming to enhance the overall lifespan and scalability of the WSN. Classification models such as support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting clasifer (GBC), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), random forest, and decision tree were employed in model training, with the decision tree emerging as the most accurate at 90.23%. Additionally, a deep learning approach, the recurrent neural network (RNN), effectively identified faults in sensor nodes, achieving an accuracy of 93.19%
Application of artificial intelligence in modern public administration: new opportunities and challenges
Get PDFHumanity is entering a technological era of convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), cyber and biotechnology, robotics and additive manufacturing, which creates unprecedented opportunities and risks on a global scale. AI has quickly become an important topic for global development. Not only the corporate sector but also governments are interested in creating a favourable environment for these technologies. This article explores the role and impact of AI in the context of modern public administration. The authors assess how AI opens up new opportunities for improving public services and the efficiency of management processes. Particular emphasis is placed on the ability of AI to analyse large amounts of data to inform decision-making, improve interaction with citizens, and optimise internal management processes. Potential challenges are also discussed, including ethical issues, privacy concerns, and automation risks. The article proposes strategies for a balanced implementation of AI in public administration, with a special emphasis on the need to develop skills and competencies among civil servants to use these technologies effectively
Thermal imaging-based identification of facial features in noisy environment
Get PDFFace identification is amongst the most efficacious and extensive applications in biometrics involving extraction and locating facial features. With identification being monotonous task attributable to reliance on parameters like varied cameras, fluctuating backgrounds, and exposure to the environment in which an individual is present. Thermal imaging is endeavoring to resolve the accuracy issue of apparent imaging, such as lighting and brightness intensity, among all biometric variables. This paper presents a study of thermal imaging and effective methods involved in the feature extraction process for facial features with thermal imaging under the influence of varied noise. A novel face dataset is created TID comprising 27 thermal images and its corresponding visual band image using Fluke 480 Ti Pro camera. The study analyses detection efficiency of six feature extraction techniques in visible and thermal bands in facial features identification. Also, the influence of noise in the thermal band within the region of interest using feature points FIN, FOUT has been estimated. Throughout TID dataset, ORB extraction technique has been able to identify strongest inlier features FIN to a maximum extent with detection around the nose, eyes, and mouth. Further, results indicate feature detection in thermal images being invariant to effect of noise for detecting facial features
Solana blockchain technology: a review
Get PDFThe introduction of a review article on the Solana blockchain is critical to setting the stage for the arguments and evidence to follow. This paragraph will provide context to the reader by discussing the current state of blockchain technology and introducing Solana as a potential solution. Blockchain technology has the potential for countless applications, ranging from financial transactions to secure data storage. However, existing blockchain systems suffer from scalability issues, were confirmation times and network congestion limit transaction volumes. This review paper on the Solana blockchain is valuable for those seeking an in-depth understanding of the design and efficacy. Given the increasing number of blockchain technologies available in the market, potential adopters face the challenge of selecting the most suitable blockchain network for their specific use case. A well-constructed review provides necessary information on the functioning of the technology, including its strengths and limitations. It also enables readers to compare various blockchain technologies and judge their suitability for their specific needs. Therefore, reviews like this one play a crucial role in helping to advance blockchain technology by driving the adoption of superior blockchain networks
Utilizing RoBERTa and XLM-RoBERTa pre-trained model for structured sentiment analysis
Get PDFThe surge in internet usage has amplified the trend of expressing sentiments across various platforms, particularly in e-commerce. Traditional sentiment analysis methods, such as aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) and targeted sentiment analysis, fall short in identifying the relationships between opinion tuples. Moreover, conventional machine learning approaches often yield inadequate results. To address these limitations, this study introduces an approach that leverages the attention values of pre-trained RoBERTa and XLM-RoBERTa models for structured sentiment analysis. This method aims to predict all opinion tuples and their relationships collectively, providing a more comprehensive sentiment analysis. The proposed model demonstrates significant improvements over existing techniques, with the XLM-RoBERTa model achieving a notable sentiment graph F1 (SF1) score of 64.6% on the OpeNEREN dataset. Additionally, the RoBERTa model showed satisfactory performance on the multi-perspective question answer (MPQA) and DSUnis datasets, with SF1 scores of 25.3% and 29.9%, respectively, surpassing baseline models. These results underscore the potential of this proposed approach in enhancing sentiment analysis across diverse datasets, making it highly applicable for both academic research and practical applications in various industries
Design of an efficient Transformer-XL model for enhanced pseudo code to Python code conversion
Get PDFThe landscape of programming has long been challenged by the task of transforming pseudo code into executable Python code, a process traditionally marred by its labor-intensive nature and the necessity for a deep understanding of both logical frameworks and programming languages. Existing methodologies often grapple with limitations in handling variable-length sequences and maintaining context over extended textual data. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces an innovative approach utilizing the Transformer-XL model, a significant advancement in the domain of deep learning. The Transformer-XL architecture, an evolution of the standard Transformer, adeptly processes variable-length sequences and captures extensive contextual dependencies, thereby surpassing its predecessors in handling natural language processing (NLP) and code synthesis tasks. The proposed model employs a comprehensive process involving data preprocessing, model input encoding, a self-attention mechanism, contextual encoding, language modeling, and a meticulous decoding process, followed by post-processing. The implications of this work are far-reaching, offering a substantial leap in the automation of code conversion. As the field of NLP and deep learning continues to evolve, the Transformer-XL based model is poised to become an indispensable tool in the realm of programming, setting a new benchmark for automated code synthesis
Indonesian generative chatbot model for student services using GPT
Get PDFThe accessibility of academic information greatly impacts the satisfaction and loyalty of university students. However, limited university resources often hinder students from conveniently accessing information services. To address this challenge, this research proposes the digitization of the question-answering process between students and student service staff through the implementation of generative chatbot. A generative chatbot can provide students with human-like responses to academic inquiries at their convenience. This research developed generative chatbot using pre-trained GPT-2 architecture in three different sizes, specifically designed for addressing practicum-related questions in a private university in Indonesia. The experiment utilized 1288 question-answer pairs in Indonesian and demonstrated the best performance with a BLEU score of 0.753, signifying good performance accuracy in generating text despite dataset limitations
Predicting anomalies in computer networks using autoencoder-based representation learning
Get PDFRecent improvements in the internet of things (IoT), cloud services, and network data variety have increased the demand for complex anomaly detection algorithms in network intrusion detection systems (IDSs) capable of dealing with sophisticated network threats. Academics are interested in deep and machine learning (ML) breakthroughs because they have the potential to address complex challenges such as zero-day attacks. In comparison to firewalls, IDS are the initial line of network security. This study suggests merging supervised and unsupervised learning in identification systems IDS. Support vector machine (SVM) is an anomaly-based classification classifier. Deep autoencoder (DAE) lowers dimensionality. DAE are compared to principal component analysis (PCA) in this study, and hyper-parameters for F-1 micro score and balanced accuracy are specified. We have an uneven set of data classes. precision-recall curves, average precision (AP) score, train-test times, t-SNE, grid search, and L1/L2 regularization methods are used. KDDTrain+ and KDDTest+ datasets will be used in our model. For classification and performance, the DAE+SVM neural network technique is successful. Autoencoders outperformed linear PCA in terms of capturing valuable input attributes using t-SNE to embed high dimensional inputs on a two-dimensional plane. Our neural system outperforms solo SVM and PCA encoded SVM in multi-class scenarios