International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
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DC bus control strategy and implications for voltage source converter system
Get PDFSignificantly, the use of power electronic devices in residential and industrial settings has grown significantly in the last several years. Recent advancements in power semiconductors and microelectronics may be the main reason of their growing use in power systems for filtering, conditioning, and compensating. Additionally, the proliferation of semiconductor switches appropriate for high-power applications, and the enhancement of microelectronics enable mixed signal processing and control mechanisms. Furthermore, the concentration on renewable energy sources within the electric utility industry has emphasized the incorporation of power electronic converters into power systems. The operation and control of the regulated DC-voltage power port are examined in this work, a key part in different applications, such as STATCOM, dual mode HVDC converter systems, and aerodynamic wind energy converters with adaptive-speed optimization, emphasizing its significance in upholding a stable voltage level throughout the DC bus. The research also highlights the importance of power electronic converters within contemporary power systems, emphasizing their crucial role in facilitating effective and reliable power distribution. The obtained simulation results confirmed the efficacy of feed forward compensation in stabilizing the voltage responses of the DC bus
Variable frequency drive based on full-bridge class D for single-phase induction motor
Get PDFThe issue with induction motors lies in speed regulation, which can be addressed by adjusting the motor voltage; however, this affects torque. In contrast, a variable frequency drive (VFD) changes the motor frequency while maintaining a constant voltage. A VFD controller with constant sinusoidal voltage and adjustable frequency can be implemented using an Arduino and a class D full-bridge MOSFET amplifier inverter. This paper discusses the electronic speed control (ESC) of induction motors using VFD regulation, demonstrating how changes in frequency affect motor speed. The system involves an induction motor controlled by a VFD comprising three main components: an AC-to-DC converter, a class-D full-bridge MOSFET inverter, and a variable-frequency sinusoidal signal source. VFDs operate with constant voltage and variable frequency. This method includes the design and testing of VFD hardware and software. The VFD components include: a class-D full-bridge switching inverter, a sinusoidal signal frequency generator (30–70 Hz), an Arduino with custom software, an SMPS power supply, and a step-up transformer. The results indicate that the class-D full-bridge inverter can effectively regulate motor speed through VFD control. The motor speed is almost directly proportional to the frequency: at 30 Hz, the speed is 860 RPM; at 50 Hz, 1472 RPM; and at 70 Hz, 2035 RPM
Inverter transient response improvement using grey wolf optimizer for type-2 fuzzy control in HVDC transmission link
Get PDFHigh voltage direct current (HVDC) on transmission-link becomes a new prominent technology in recent years. The HVDC is applied to transmit amount of electrical energy from power plant to consumers. This method makes reactive power losses on transmission devices decrease significantly and stability level of generator increases. However, inverter HVDC transmission system can produce slow and high inverter transient current (ITC) response at high value of the up-ramp rate. This ITC phenomenon can be serious problem at starting time. So grey wolf algorithm is proposed to optimize input-output parameters of interval type-2 fuzzy control (IT2FC) in inverter-side HVDC. The proposed control performance’s is assessed by integral time squared error (ITSE) and peak overshoot (Mp) approaches. Simulation results show that small ITSE and low Mp of transient response are given by the IT2FC. The IT2FC is successful applied on inverter HVDC with better results compared to conventional PI control scheme
Adaptive control scheme of variable speed wind turbines for frequency support
Get PDFWind generation has experienced significant growth in power systems, due to the high availability of the primary resource and the maturity of its technology, which allows a fast control of active and reactive power. However, its main disadvantage is the lack of controllability over the primary resource. This leads to unwanted frequency oscillations that affect the power system security as wind penetration increases. This is due to the inertia of wind turbines is decoupled from the inertia of synchronous machines connected to the power system. Based on the aforementioned information, this paper analyses the state of the art of control strategies that allow wind turbines to participate in the frequency control of the power system. The main contribution of this work is the novel control strategy proposed, which implements a virtual synchronous machine controlled by an adaptive control system to enhance the transient response of the wind turbine. This scheme allows efficient management of the turbine's rotating reserve without the need to reduce its output power or use expensive energy storage systems. This solution is suitable for power systems with high wind penetration (above 20%). The validity of this proposal is demonstrated through dynamic simulations in a test system
Fuzzy logic-based energy management system for a microgrid with hybrid energy storage: design, control, and comparative analysis
Get PDFThis paper presents a fuzzy logic-based energy management controller for a microgrid with a hybrid energy storage system. The microgrid integrates intermittent renewable energy sources. To provide high quality, reliable and sustainable power, the microgrid depends on energy storage devices. The proposed fuzzy logic-based energy management controller controls the energy storage system’s power electronic converters by generating switching pulses based on the generation availability, load requirement, SOCs of battery, and supercapacitor. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based energy management system is planned in such a way that high power needs are satisfied by supercapacitors and high energy needs are satisfied by batteries. To highlight the key benefits of utilizing a fuzzy logic-controlled hybrid energy storage system over PI -a controller-based cascaded dual loop energy management system, a comparative study is carried out. The results of the same is discussed elaborately in this paper. These studies were simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software package
Smart energy management in renewable microgrids: integrating IoT with TSK-fuzzy logic controllers
Get PDFHybrid microgrids powered by renewable energy sources are gaining popularity globally. Photovoltaic (PV) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy systems are widely used due to their ease of installation. However, wind and solar energy are unpredictable, leading to fluctuating power generation. Simultaneously, load demand varies randomly, making it necessary to integrate storage devices to maintain a balance between generation and consumption. To enhance system economy, a small battery is combined with a hydrogen-based fuel cell and electrolyzer for efficient energy storage and management. A robust energy management system (EMS) is critical to ensure power quality and reliability across all microgrid components. Maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) are employed to maximize renewable energy utilization. Frequency stability and ensuring power balance is important in autonomous microgrids, especially during rapid load or source variations. This paper presents a novel fuzzy rule-driven Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) controller for the EMS, ensuring fast, precise responses and improved microgrid reliability
Experimental validation of virtual flux concept in direct power control with dynamic performance
Get PDFThe virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique is a sensorless control approach aimed at improving the performance of grid-connected power converters. The approach involves simulating the grid voltage and AC-side inductors similar to an AC motor drive system, a principle deriving from direct torque control (DTC). The basic idea of VFDPC is to indirectly estimate the voltage at the converter's input through the concept of virtual flux, enabling the real-time calculation of instantaneous active and reactive power without necessitating direct voltage measurements. An essential element of the VFDPC approach is the implementation of a lookup table, used as a decision-making tool that identifies the most suitable voltage vector (a particular output state of the converter) in accordance with real-time power conditions. This provides instantaneous and smooth control of power flow, leading to enhanced operational stability. This approach allows for continual optimization of the converter's output, enabling VFDPC to significantly decrease total harmonic distortion (THD) while preserving reliable steady-state and dynamic performance. Experimental validation demonstrates that incorporating real-time feedback into virtual flux estimates improves the precision of voltage prediction and the responsiveness of the power control system. Consequently, VFDPC exhibits enhanced adaptability for various grid and load situations, presenting an appropriate choice for current power systems that demand efficient, reliable, and sensorless operation
Fault diagnosis for inverter open circuit faults using DC-link signal and random forest-based technique
Get PDFThree-phase voltage source inverters based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are widely used in various industrial applications. Faults in IGBTs significantly affect the performance of the inverter and entire system. Robust and accurate fault detection are the key requirements of fault diagnosis methods. This paper explores a method for diagnosing power switch open circuit faults of a voltage source inverter based on machine learning algorithms. The diagnosis is performed in two steps, firstly the fault is detected by applying the Random Forest classifier algorithm with the DC-link signal. Next, the fault switch location is performed by additionally using the inverter output AC current signals. The diagnostic results based on simulation data show that the fault can be detected with maximum accuracy. Meanwhile, the accuracy in locating the fault switch is also significantly improved with the additional use of current signals measured at the DC-link. Potential application of electromagnetic field signal is also highlighted for the practical implementation of fault diagnosis
Attenuated-chattering global second-order sliding mode load frequency controller for multi-region linked power systems
Get PDFIn this study, a new chattering-free global second-order sliding mode load frequency controller (CGSOSMLFC) is proposed for multi-region linked power systems (MRLPS). Key achievements of this paper include: i) a new CGSOSMLFC is investigated utilizing only output variables; ii) a global steadiness of the MRLPS is ensured by eliminating the hitting phase in traditional sliding mode control (TSMC), and the undesirable high-frequency vacillation marvel in the control signal is efficiently lessened by utilizing the second-order sliding mode control technique. Firstly, a novel estimator is constructed to conjecture the immeasurable state variables of the MRLPS. Then, an estimator-based CGSOSMLFC is synthesized to force the states of the controlled plant into the anticipated switching surface at an instance time and attenuate the chattering phenomenon in the control indication. Additionally, the total MRLPS’s stability analysis is executed by applying the Lyapunov function theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI), confirming the practicability and reliability of the method. Lastly, simulation outcomes on a three-zone linked power system are furnished to authenticate the usefulness and advantages of the proposed technique
Design and DSP-based validation of a cascaded DSOGI-PLL for mitigating grid disturbances
Get PDFEnsuring a smooth power injection into an electric grid in the presence of imperfections, such as phase disturbances, voltage imbalance, frequency variations, harmonics, and DC offsets, requires fast and robust phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques. Among these, the double second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI)-based PLL is widely used due to its strong performance in challenging grid conditions. However, conventional DSOGI-PLL has limitations in handling DC offsets and harmonic disturbances. To address these challenges, this paper introduces the design of a cascaded DSOGI-PLL that enhances attenuation of DC components and low-order harmonics while maintaining computational simplicity for DSP-based implementation. Experimental validation on a TMS320F28379D DSP platform demonstrates that the proposed scheme achieves synchronization settling within 48 ms even under severely polluted grid conditions, while reducing output unit-vector THD to 0.5% when the input voltage contains 22% THD. These results confirm the cascaded DSOGI-PLL as a significant improvement over conventional PLLs