International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
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Advanced multi-source converters for DC microgrids: integrating photovoltaic, wind, and hybrid storage systems
Get PDFThis paper presents a new configuration for integrating multi-source and hybrid energy storage (HES) systems tailored for a direct current (DC) microgrid. Unlike conventional multi-input converters, the proposed design features a hybrid energy storage system combining ultracapacitors and batteries. The proposed system is intended to effectively manage power variations from wind, photovoltaic (PV) sources, and abrupt load changes. The inclusion of ultracapacitors addresses high-frequency fluctuations, thereby extending battery life and reducing the overall size of the storage unit. The control framework is designed to maintain power balance within the system, ensuring that renewable energy sources operate at their maximum power points and that energy storage is efficiently charged and discharged based on power availability. The main advantages of this configuration include: i) a reduced number of switches, ii) built-in voltage boosting and regulation for the ultracapacitor, and power-sharing between the battery and ultracapacitor, and iii) a streamlined control system with fewer components. The paper details the investigation, modeling, and design of the planned system, supported by MATLAB simulation results
Battery integrated three input high gain DC-DC converter for renewable energy sources
Get PDFIn this work, a battery-integrated three-input converter is proposed. The topology combines a traditional boost converter on one side with a non-coupled inductor-based buffer stage on the other side. Some merits of the converter are a high voltage gain, a high output voltage in the battery discharging mode, and a wide range of output voltage. The bidirectional port makes it attractive for renewable energy (RE) sources like solar and fuel cells. The converter can operate in three modes that are determined by the availability of RE sources and the battery state of charge (SOC). The power management algorithm enabled the converter to work in either single-input, double-input, or three-input configurations. The duty ratios of assigned power switches controlled the output voltage and the battery charge/discharge. Steady-state analyses and dynamic modeling are presented and discussed. At 12 V and 24 V input voltage, the output voltage of 315.52 V was delivered in the battery-excluded mode. The battery discharging mode delivered 311.57 V while the battery charging mode delivered 301.32 V. The proposed converter can serve low to medium power voltage/power applications. The hardware experiments verify the workings of the proposed converter
Oxygen/sulphur self-doped tunnel-like porous carbon from yellow bamboo for advanced supercapacitor applications
Get PDFThe 3D hierarchical pore structure with tunnel-like pores is essential to the performance of porous activated carbon (AC) materials used in symmetric supercapacitors. This study aimed to effect of adding (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) M KOH reagent and heat treatment on the formation of 3D porous, tunnel-like AC derived from yellow bamboo (YB) through N2-CO2 pyrolysis at 850 °C. The AC produced had a high concentration of nanopores, becoming a valuable storage medium with favorable physical-electrochemical properties. The results showed that 0.5-YBAC had the best physical and electrochemical properties, with a carbon purity, 89.16%, micro crystallinity of 7.374 Å, and excellent amorphous porosity. Furthermore, 3D hierarchical pore structure, enriched naturally occurring heteroatoms, dopant of oxygen (10.14%) and sulfur (0.10%). A maximum surface area of 421.99 m² g⁻¹, along with a dominant combination of micro-mesopores. The electrochemical performance test of the 0.5-YBAC electrode showed a Csp of 214 F g⁻¹, with Esp 24.7 Wh kg⁻¹ and Psp 19.2 W kg⁻¹. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of YB stems to enhance the development of supercapacitors, offering superior porosity characteristics for efficient energy storage applications
Harmonic control in electrical drives for transport systems
Get PDFField-oriented control (FOC) is the most widely used method for controlling alternating current (AC) drives, using Clarke and Park transformations to enable current controllers to manipulate the amplitude of the fundamental component of the phase currents. The inherent advantage of the FOC method is that it transforms current control tasks into a DC domain, thereby enhancing the dynamics of current response and the capability of tracking the current reference. The idea of the FOC can be extended beyond the fundamental component to control some of the harmonics buried in any signals presented in electrical drives, which is particularly critical in transport systems. This paper presents a harmonic control framework, optimized for transport applications, with three different topologies: adaptive linear neural (Adaline), resonant controller (RC), and harmonic controller (HC). The study provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the mathematical relationships between these three control structures. Additionally, it explores the application of harmonic controllers in both current and speed control loops. Simulation and experimental results are used to validate the proposed framework, demonstrating its potential to improve the performance of electric drives in vehicles, including enhanced energy efficiency, reduced electromagnetic interference, and smoother torque production
The Jordanian passage to sustainable electrical power: case study of challenges and opportunities
Get PDFAs the global energy sector faces significant challenges due to limited conventional resources and environmental concerns, many countries have adopted precautionary measures to secure and develop new energy resources. For instance, Jordan faces a severe shortage of natural conventional energy resources, compounded by rapid population growth driven by both locals and refugees. With over 90% of its energy imported, Jordan heavily depends on neighboring and international suppliers, leaving the country vulnerable and insecure due to political and economic fluctuations. To overcome these challenges, Jordan must establish comprehensive policies and plans to achieve energy production, conservation, and sustainability. This case study explores Jordan’s energy sources and security, highlighting strategies for long-term sustainable electrical energy development. The analysis focuses on addressing challenges, proposing alternative solutions, and advancing efficient plans for energy expansion. Key strategies include embracing renewable energy sources, enhancing conservation, and leveraging technological advancements to improve efficiency and a resilient energy sector
Modeling and simulation of klystron-modulator for linear accelerators in PRTA
Get PDFApproximately 70% of commercial industries worldwide use electron accelerator technology for various irradiation processes. The advantages of irradiation processes compared to thermal and chemical processes are higher output levels, reduced energy consumption, less environmental pollution, and producing superior product quality and having unique characteristics that cannot be imitated by other methods. Research Center for Accelerator Technology (PRTA), BRIN, Indonesia is developing standing wave LINAC (SWL) for food irradiation applications at S-band frequencies (±2856 MHz), electron energy of 6-18 MeV, and an average beam power of 20 kW. This paper aims to model, simulate, and analyze the klystron modulator in the RF linear accelerator (LINAC). The klystron modulator is the main component of the RF LINAC, which functions to supply klystron power with the order of megawatt peak DC, so that the klystron can amplify the low-level RF signal from the RF driver into a high-power RF signal with a power of 2-6 MW peak. The klystron modulator modeling is carried out based on mathematical modeling, then simulated using LTspice to analyze the system performance of the klystron modulator. The results of the klystron modulator modeling simulation show stable system performance and dynamic response. So that it meets the specifications of the 6-18 MeV SWL LINAC being developed by PRTA-BRIN
Internet of things (IoT) based monitoring system for hybrid powered E-bike charging station
Get PDFThe internet of things (IoT) has become an important foundation in the development of web-based and remote technologies. In the implementation of renewable energy in hybrid E-bike systems, IoT-based monitoring system integration has made a significant contribution to monitoring activities. One of the latest innovations in the development of IoT in E-bike systems is the application of power prediction and the Coulomb counting method to estimate the charging time for a battery with a capacity of 200 AH, so that users can know the time needed to charge the battery efficiently. The IoT E-bike system is designed with user data display and monitoring features via the website, such as data on voltage, current, light intensity, battery percentage, power prediction, and prediction of the resulting battery charging time. Experimental results were obtained during the battery charging period, increasing the battery percentage from 50.43% (10 volts) to 71.769% (11.3 volts) in 4.5 hours with a battery charging charge of 153,866.4 C
Simulation and verification of improved particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems under dynamic environmental conditions
Get PDFThis paper introduces an improved particle swarm optimization (iPSO) algorithm designed for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed algorithm incorporates a novel reinitialization mechanism that dynamically detects and adapts to environmental changes. Additionally, an exponentially decreasing inertia weight is utilized to balance exploration and exploitation, ensuring rapid convergence to the global maximum power point (GMPP). A deterministic initialization strategy is employed to uniformly distribute particles across the search space, thereby increasing the likelihood of identifying the GMPP. The iPSO algorithm is thoroughly evaluated using a MATLAB/Simulink simulation and validated with real-time hardware, including a boost DC-DC converter, dSPACE, and a Chroma PV simulator. Comparative analysis with conventional PSO and PSO-reinit algorithms under various irradiance patterns demonstrates that the iPSO consistently outperforms in terms of convergence speed and MPPT efficiency. The study highlights the robustness of the iPSO algorithm in bridging theoretical models with practical applications
Backstepping multiphase induction machine control impact in presence of open phases fault
Get PDFAs power requirements increase, multiphase induction machines (MPIMs) present a promising alternative to conventional three-phase induction machines. These machines help reduce the current switched by the inverter and circulating through the windings, which in turn mitigates torque ripple. Moreover, incorporating more than three phases enhances system reliability, allowing the machine to maintain operation even in the event of one or more phase failures. This makes MPIMs particularly suitable for high-reliability applications, such as electric vehicles. While most previous studies have concentrated on speed and flux control of MPIMs, less attention has been given to handling open-phase faults. This paper explores the robustness of the backstepping control method applied to MPIMs, particularly in scenarios involving open-phase faults. The proposed multi-loop nonlinear controller is developed to achieve two main objectives: precise speed regulation across a wide range of speed references, and effective rotor flux control. The convergence of the feedback control system is rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov’s stability theory. Simulation results show that, although the control objectives are met, stator current demands increase as more phases experience faults. This observation highlights the need for further development of MPIM models that take phase faults into consideration
Proposed high gain single DC-source SC-MLI topology for solar PV grid integration applications
Get PDFMultilevel inverters (MLIs) are a key solution for converting DC to AC power. In this article, an improved single-source SC-MLI topology is developed for solar PV applications. It consists of 12 unidirectional switches, 3 capacitors, and 3 diodes to provide sextuple voltage boosting with a lower cost function. Since the capacitor's voltage is self-balanced, there is no need for an additional circuit or sensors, bringing down the circuit's complexity. A simple and fundamental frequency-based control strategy, nearest-level pulse width modulation, is applied to assess the viability of the proposed topology. As a result, the proposed topology has an efficiency of over 97%, and it can generate 13 levels with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 6.51%. Comparative analysis is performed to show the feasibility of the proposed topology which outperformed other 13-level similar topologies in terms of component count, cost factor, and boosting factor. The proposed topology's performance is evaluated under static and dynamic loads. Furthermore, the thermal analysis is performed using PLECS software to determine the efficiency of the circuit topology. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed circuit is verified for solar PV application