RepoMed (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover)
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Strukturelle und funktionelle Charakterisierung der Δ24-Sterolmethyltransferase aus dem Ergosterol-Syntheseweg niederer Eukaryonten
Get PDFMass social media-induced illness presenting with Tourette-like behavior
Get PDFCurrently, we are facing a new manifestation of functional neurological disorder presenting with functional Tourette-like behavior (FTB). This study aimed to show characteristics of this phenotype presenting as an outbreak of "mass social media-induced illness" (MSMI) and to explore predisposing factors. Between 5-9/2021, we prospectively investigated 32 patients (mean/median age: 20.1/18 years, range: 11-53 years, n = 16 females) with MSMI-FTB using a neuro-psychiatric examination, a comprehensive semi-structured interview and aspects of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic System. In contrast to tics, numbers of complex movements and vocalizations were nine times greater than of "simple" symptoms, and of vocalizations one and a half times greater than of movements. In line with our hypothesis of MSMI, symptoms largely overlapped with those presented by German YouTuber Jan Zimmermann justifying his role as "virtual" index case in current outbreak. Typically, symptoms started abruptly at a mean age of 19 years and deteriorated gradually with no differences between males and females. In all patients, we identified timely-related psychological stressors, unconscious intrapsychic conflicts, and/or structural deficits. Nearly all patients (94%) suffered from further psychiatric symptoms including abnormalities in social behavior (81%), obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) (47%), Tourette syndrome (TS) (47%), anxiety (41%), and depression (31%), about half (47%) had experienced bullying, and 75% suffered from coexisting somatic diseases. Our data suggest that pre-existing abnormalities in social behavior and psychiatric symptoms (OCB, anxiety, and depression), but also TS in combination with timely-related psychological stressors, unconscious intrapsychic conflicts, and structural deficits predispose to contagion with MSMI-FTB
Accuracy measurement of different marker based motion analysis systems for biomechanical applications: a round robin study
Get PDFIntroduction Multiple camera systems are widely used for 3D-motion analysis. Due to increasing accuracies these camera systems gained interest in biomechanical research areas, where high precision measurements are desirable. In the current study different measurement systems were compared regarding their measurement accuracy. Materials and methods Translational and rotational accuracy measurements as well as the zero offset measurements of seven different measurement systems were performed using two reference devices and two different evaluation algorithms. All measurements were performed in the same room with constant temperature at the same laboratory. Equal positions were measured with the systems according to a standardized protocol. Measurement errors were determined and compared. Results The highest measurement errors were seen for a measurement system using active ultrasonic markers, followed by another active marker measurement system (infrared) having measurement errors up to several hundred micrometers. The highest accuracies were achieved by three stereo camera systems, using passive 2D marker points having errors typically below 20 μm. Conclusions This study can help to better assess the results obtained with different measurement systems. With the focus on the measurement accuracy, only one aspect in the selection of a system was considered. Depending on the requirements of the user, other factors like measurement frequency, the maximum analyzable volume, the marker type or the costs are important factors as well
Development of gender inequality in self-rated health in the life-phase of raising children in Germany from 1994 to 2018: a decomposition analysis of socioeconomic, psychosocial and family-related influencing factors.
Get PDFExtensive research has documented gender inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) to the disadvantage of women. However, little research has been done on how this gender gap has changed against the backdrop of social change. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (GSOEP), this study addressed this issue and examined time-trends in SRH between 1994 and 2018 in women (n = 117,608) and men (n = 101.404) aged 30-49 years. In addition, we analyzed the role of socioeconomic, psychosocial and family-related factors as possible mediators influencing these trends. We performed logistic regression analyses for analyzing the time-trends and applied the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method for decomposing the time effect into direct and indirect parts via mediators. Over time, the chance of reporting good as well as poor SRH remained largely stable in both genders while the majority of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors pointed towards improvement. The decomposition analysis revealed a positive effect of most of these mediators on the time trend in SRH. After controlling for the mediators, the health trend became negative, leading to a decline in the proportion of good health over time by 5.4%-point and 4.3%-point in women and men, respectively. The same pattern was observed with respect to poor SRH. For both genders, the decline of economic worries and the rise in school education contributed most to the indirect time effect. Our findings indicate a positive development of key socioeconomic and psychosocial health determinants particularly for women, but no corresponding increase in SRH. Thus, gender inequality in SRH remained largely unchanged. However, our results suggest that SRH would have developed much worse if there had been no improvements in the health determinants considered. Further studies are needed to determine what other factors may have counteracted a positive health trend and stood in the way of narrowing the gender health gap
Die tiefe Hirnstimulation des Centromedianus-Parafascicularis Komplexes verbessert Verhaltensmerkmale in einem Rattenmodell für Tourette
Get PDFNon-Invasive Detection of Fibrotic NASH in NAFLD Patients with Low or Intermediate FIB-4
No full textBackground Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis are the main prognostic factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The FIB-4 score has been suggested as an initial test for the exclusion of progressed fibrosis. However, increasing evidence suggests that also NASH patients with earlier fibrosis stages are at risk of disease progression, emphasizing the need for improved non-invasive risk stratification. Methods We evaluated whether the apoptosis biomarker M30 can identify patients with fibrotic NASH despite low or intermediate FIB-4 values. Serum M30 levels were assessed by ELISA, and FIB-4 was calculated in an exploration (n = 103) and validation (n = 100) cohort of patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD. Results The majority of patients with low FIB-4 (cut-off value 200 U/L) and more than 80% of them had NASH, mostly with fibrosis. NASH was also detected in all patients with intermediate FIB-4 (1.3 to 2.67) and elevated M30, from which ~80% showed fibrosis. Importantly, in the absence of elevated M30, most patients with FIB-4 < 1.3 and NASH showed also no fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Conclusions The combination of FIB-4 with M30 enables a more reliable identification of patients at risk for progressed NAFLD and might, therefore, improve patient stratification
Die pathophysiologische Bedeutung von Surfactant Dysfunktion und alveolärem Kollaps im Maus-Modell der TGF-ß1 induzierten Lungenfibrose
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Einfluss körperlichen Trainings unter Hypoxie auf die Insulinempfindlichkeit, die Leistungsfähigkeit, den oxidativen Metabolismus und den Blutdruck älterer Menschen
No full textMetacognitions in Patients With Frequent Mental Disorders After Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
No full textBackground The prevalence of mental disorders, particularly adjustment disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD) is increased in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, it is unclear which pathogenic mechanisms determine their development and could therefore be targeted in prevention or therapeutic interventions. Here, we assessed metacognitions in a sample of PAH patients with and without MDD and PD. Moreover, we reconstructed the course of mental illnesses following the PAH diagnosis. Methods Two hundred seventeen PAH patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of AD was assessed retrospectively using DSM-V criteria. Current mental disorders were assessed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-V. Additionally, metacognitive beliefs and processes were assessed using established questionnaires (MCQ-30, AnTI). Results Patients with an AD consecutive to the PAH diagnosis more frequently developed MDD (37.5 vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001) and PD (26.3 vs. 8.8%, p = 0.001) later on compared to PAH patients without a former AD. Moreover, patients with current MDD/PD displayed more dysfunctional metacognitions than those without current MDD/PD (p < 0.001). Patients with current MDD/PD in the context of former AD had more dysfunctional metacognitive worries and beliefs compared to patients with current MDD/PD without former AD (p = 0.009). Conclusion Our results suggest that in the context of PAH, dysfunctional metacognitions are associated with MDD and PD. Therefore, a metacognitive approach to treat and prevent those mental illnesses seems promising and should be investigated in future studies