RepoMed (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover)
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Evaluation of neutral oral contrast agents for assessment of the small bowel at abdominal staging CT.
No full textBACKGROUND:Although neutral oral contrast agents are widely in use, a consensus regarding a standardized protocol in abdominal staging CT does not exist. PURPOSE:To test the null hypothesis that there is no quantitative or qualitative difference between water and mannitol for evaluation of the small bowel at abdominal staging CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS:180 patients prospectively underwent abdominal staging CT with oral administration of either 1 liter mannitol solution (n = 88) or water (n = 92). Intestinal distension was measured in 6 different segments of the small intestine. In addition, two radiologists separately evaluated diagnostic image quality with regards to luminal distension (three-point scale) in each segment and the possibility to rule out a possible underlying pathology. Quantitative and qualitative results were compared (Mann-Whitney test). RESULTS:Quantitatively, intestinal distension was comparable in all segments (p>0.05), except for the horizontal duodenum (p = 0.019). The mean luminal diameter over all intestinal segments was 19.0 mm (18.1-19.9 mm) for the water group and 18.4 mm (17.5-19.2 mm) for the mannitol group, respectively. Qualitatively, ratings were comparable for the first three segments, while distal segments were rated better using mannitol. Side effects were only observed using mannitol (n = 26; 29.5%). CONCLUSIONS:Orally administered water and mannitol solution for evaluation of the small bowel at abdominal staging CT in clinical routine resulted in comparable results for the quantitative, but not for the qualitative analysis. Looking more differentiated at the overall performance, water has advantages in terms of patient comfort, side effects and costs, and can therefore be regarded as noninferior to mannitol in this specific patient group
Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk.
No full textFanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with 22 disease-causing genes reported to date. In some FA genes, monoallelic mutations have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, while the risk associations of others remain unknown. The gene for FA type C, FANCC, has been proposed as a breast cancer susceptibility gene based on epidemiological and sequencing studies. We used the Oncoarray project to genotype two truncating FANCC variants (p.R185X and p.R548X) in 64,760 breast cancer cases and 49,793 controls of European descent. FANCC mutations were observed in 25 cases (14 with p.R185X, 11 with p.R548X) and 26 controls (18 with p.R185X, 8 with p.R548X). There was no evidence of an association with the risk of breast cancer, neither overall (odds ratio 0.77, 95%CI 0.44-1.33, p = 0.4) nor by histology, hormone receptor status, age or family history. We conclude that the breast cancer risk association of these two FANCC variants, if any, is much smaller than for BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations. If this applies to all truncating variants in FANCC it would suggest there are differences between FA genes in their roles on breast cancer risk and demonstrates the merit of large consortia for clarifying risk associations of rare variants
Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation to host environment and its impact on antibiotic susceptibility
Get PDFErgebnisse des Sepsis-Schnelltests in Korrelation mit bakteriologischen und histologischen Befunden
Get PDFDie Josephs-Akademie im Wiener Josephinum: Die medizinisch-chirurgische Militärakademie im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Politik 1785–1874
Get PDFSoftware Tools for Literature Screening in Systematic Reviews in Biomedical Research
No full textSystematic Reviews (SRs) hold promise for implementing the 3Rs in animal
sciences: they can retrieve available alternative models, help refining
experiments, and identify insufficiencies, or an excess of, scientific knowledge
on a particular topic. Unfortunately, SRs can be labour- and time-intensive,
especially the reference screening and data extraction phases. Fortunately, there
are several software tools available that help make screening faster and easier.
However, it is not always clear which features the tools offer. Therefore, a
feature analysis was performed to compare different reference screening tools as
objectively as possible. This analysis enables researchers to select the most
appropriate tool for their needs. Fifteen different tools were compared: CADIMA,
Covidence, DistillerSR, Endnote, Endnote using Bramer's method, EROS, HAWC,
Microsoft Excel, Excel using VonVille's method, Microsoft Word, Rayyan, RevMan,
SyRF, SysRev.com, and SWIFT Active Screener. Their support of 21 features was
tested. Features were categorised as mandatory, desirable, and optional.
DistillerSR, Covidence, and SWIFT Active Screener are the tools that support all
mandatory features. These tools are preferred for screening references, but none
of them are free. The best scoring free tool is Rayyan, which lacks one mandatory
function: distinct title/abstract and full-text phases. The lowest scoring tools
are those not specifically designed for SRs, like Microsoft Word and Endnote.
Their use can only be advised for small and simple SRs. A well-informed selection
of SR screening tools will benefit review quality and speed, which can contribute
to the advancement of the 3Rs in animal studie
The German version of the Quality of Marriage Index: Psychometric properties in a representative sample and population-based norms
No full textThe Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) is a 6-item internationally widely-used
instrument assessing relationship satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate (1)
the psychometric properties of the German version in a representative sample of
the German general population (N = 1431) as well as (2) effects of gender and age
on relationship satisfaction. All participants were in a relationship. The German
QMI demonstrates good item characteristics and excellent reliability (alpha =
.94). The proposed one-factor solution was replicated. Differences in scoring on
the QMI showed that males scored higher than females and differences between
younger and older participants were found. The findings suggest that the German
version of the QMI is suitable to reliably measure relationship satisfaction and
may therefore be used as a brief screening instrument in a variety of settings
and research questions. A cross validation in a sample of couples seeking help
for relationship difficulties should be considered in future research. The
limited number of items and the one-factor-solution do not suggest this
instrument as a fine-tuned assessment tool for different dimensions of
relationship satisfactio
