RepoMed (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover)
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TLR4 activation alters labile heme levels to regulate BACH1 and HO-1 expression in macrophages
Get PDFTherapy reduction in patients with Down-Syndrome and myeloid leukemia: the international ML-DS 2006 trial
Get PDFVergleichende Analyse des fibrotischen Lungenumbaues nach Lungen- und Stammzelltransplantation
Get PDFSystematische Untersuchung von spezifischen Originalschraubendrehern und alternativen Universalschraubendrehern sowie deren Auswirkung auf die Präzisionspassung in der Anwendung der dentalen Implantologie: eine vergleichende Studie
Get PDFCategorical processing of fast temporal sequences in the guinea pig auditory brainstem
No full textDiscrimination of temporal sequences is crucial for auditory object recognition,
phoneme categorization and speech understanding. The present study shows that
auditory brainstem responses (ABR) to pairs of noise bursts separated by a short
gap can be classified into two distinct groups based on the ratio of gap duration
to initial noise burst duration in guinea pigs. If this ratio was smaller than
0.5, the ABR to the trailing noise burst was strongly suppressed. On the other
hand, if the initial noise burst duration was short compared to the gap duration
(a ratio greater than 0.5), a release from suppression and/or enhancement of the
trailing ABR was observed. Consequently, initial noise bursts of shorter duration
caused a faster transition between response classes than initial noise bursts of
longer duration. We propose that the described findings represent a neural
correlate of subcortical categorical preprocessing of temporal sequences in the
auditory syste
Low immunogenic endothelial cells endothelialize the Left Ventricular Assist Device
No full textLow haemocompatibility of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) surfaces necessitates anticoagulative therapy. Endothelial cell (EC) seeding can support haemocompatibility, however, the availability of autologous ECs is limited. In contrast, allogeneic ECs are readily available in sufficient quantity, but HLA disparities induce harmful immune responses causing EC loss. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using allogeneic low immunogenic ECs to endothelialize LVAD sintered inflow cannulas (SIC). To reduce the immunogenicity of ECs, we applied an inducible lentiviral vector to deliver short-hairpins RNA to silence HLA class I expression. HLA class I expression on ECs was conditionally silenced by up to 70%. Sufficient and comparable endothelialization rates were achieved with HLA-expressing or HLA-silenced ECs. Cell proliferation was not impaired by cell-to-Sintered Inflow Cannulas (SIC) contact or by silencing HLA expression. The levels of endothelial phenotypic and thrombogenic markers or cytokine secretion profiles remained unaffected. HLA-silenced ECs-coated SIC exhibited reduced thrombogenicity. In contrast to native ECs, HLA-silenced ECs showed lower cell lysis rates when exposed to allogeneic T cells or specific anti-HLA antibodies. Allogeneic HLA-silenced ECs could potentially become a valuable source for LVAD endothelialization to reduce immunogenicity and correspondingly the need for anticoagulative therapy which can entail severe side effect
Two Sides of One Coin: A Comparison of Clinical and Neurobiological Characteristics of Convicted and Non-Convicted Pedophilic Child Sexual Offenders
No full textHigh prevalence of child sexual offending stand in contradiction to low conviction rates (one-tenth at most) of child sexual offenders (CSOs). Little is known about possible differences between convicted and non-convicted pedophilic CSOs and why only some become known to the judicial system. This investigation takes a closer look at the two sides of "child sexual offending" by focusing on clinical and neurobiological characteristics of convicted and non-convicted pedophilic CSOs as presented in the Neural Mechanisms Underlying Pedophilia and sexual offending against children (NeMUP)*-study. Seventy-nine male pedophilic CSOs were examined, 48 of them convicted. All participants received a thorough clinical examination including the structured clinical interview (SCID), intelligence, empathy, impulsivity, and criminal history. Sixty-one participants (38 convicted) underwent an inhibition performance task (Go/No-go paradigm) combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Convicted and non-convicted pedophilic CSOs revealed similar clinical characteristics, inhibition performances, and neuronal activation. However, convicted subjects' age preference was lower (i.e., higher interest in prepubescent children) and they had committed a significantly higher number of sexual offenses against children compared to non-convicted subjects. In conclusion, sexual age preference may represent one of the major driving forces for elevated rates of sexual offenses against children in this sample, and careful clinical assessment thereof should be incorporated in every preventive approac
Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
No full textWe explored short-term behavioral plasticity on the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) by deriving novel error metrics by stratifying traditional set loss and perseverative errors. Separating the rule set and the response set allowed for the measurement of performance across four trial types, crossing rule set (i.e., maintain vs. switch) and response demand (i.e., repeat vs. alternate). Critically, these four trial types can be grouped based on trial-wise feedback on t - 1 trials. Rewarded (correct) maintain t - 1 trials should lead to error enhancement when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. In contrast, punished (incorrect) t - 1 trials should lead to error suppression when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. The results supported the error suppression prediction: An error suppression effect (ESE) was observed across numerous patient samples. Exploratory analyses show that the ESE did not share substantial portions of variance with traditional neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. They further point into the direction that striatal or limbic circuit neuropathology may be associated with enhanced ESE. These data suggest that punishment of the recently executed response induces behavioral avoidance, which is detectable as the ESE on the WCST. The assessment of the ESE might provide an index of response-related avoidance learning on the WCST
