RepoMed (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover)
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Synthese und biologische Evaluierung von Fluoreszenz- und radioaktiv markierten anti-miR-21
No full textComparison of the transplantation systems of Austria, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom
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Mental Health, Sense of Coherence, and Interpersonal Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Germany.
Get PDFPreliminary data indicates that the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) pandemic may have a substantial impact on mental health and well-being. We assessed mental health in response to the lockdown in Germany between 1 April 2020 and 15 April 2020 using a cross-sectional online survey (n = 3545) with a mixed-methods approach. We found increased levels of psychosocial distress (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) stress module), anxiety, depressive symptoms (PHQ-4), irritability, and a decrease in overall well-being (WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5)), sense of coherence (Short Form of the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-L9)), sexual contentment, and sleep quality. The four-week-prevalence of interpersonal violence was yet at 5% and included verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Participants reported finding comfort in family, friends, conversation, exercise, and activity. Findings are also in line with research showing that women seem to have more trouble coping with the pandemic and lockdown measures. Our observations demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures lead to a mental health burden even in a highly developed Western country and should, therefore, be taken seriously. The findings for interpersonal violence are alarming. Thus, we should sharpen our focus on the matter and activate and enhance supporting systems to help protect those affected
Cell Type-Specific Adhesion and Migration on Laser-Structured Opaque Surfaces
Get PDFCytocompatibility is essential for implant approval. However, initial in vitro screenings mainly include the quantity of adherent immortalized cells and cytotoxicity. Other vital parameters, such as cell migration and an in-depth understanding of the interaction between native tissue cells and implant surfaces, are rarely considered. We investigated different laser-fabricated spike structures using primary and immortalized cell lines of fibroblasts and osteoblasts and included quantification of the cell area, aspect ratio, and focal adhesions. Furthermore, we examined the three-dimensional cell interactions with spike topographies and developed a tailored migration assay for long-term monitoring on opaque materials. While fibroblasts and osteoblasts on small spikes retained their normal morphology, cells on medium and large spikes sank into the structures, affecting the composition of the cytoskeleton and thereby changing cell shape. Up to 14 days, migration appeared stronger on small spikes, probably as a consequence of adequate focal adhesion formation and an intact cytoskeleton, whereas human primary cells revealed differences in comparison to immortalized cell lines. The use of primary cells, analysis of the cell-implant structure interaction as well as cell migration might strengthen the evaluation of cytocompatibility and thereby improve the validity regarding the putative in vivo performance of implant material
Altered Tumor Plasticity after Different Cancer Cell Fusions with MSC.
Get PDFWhile cell fusion demonstrates an important pathway during tissue development and regeneration of distinct organs, this process can also contribute to pathophysiological phenotypes during tumor progression. Hybrid cell formation after heterofusion between cancer cells and various other cell types within the tumor microenvironment is observed in vitro and in vivo. In particular, mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) perform diverse levels of communication with cancer cells by exhibiting anti- and pro-tumorigenic effects. During these cellular interactions, MSC can eventually fuse with cancer cells. Thereby, the newly generated disparate hybrid populations display aneuploidy associated with chromosomal instability. Based upon a subsequent post-hybrid selection process (PHSP), fused cancer cells can undergo apoptosis/necroptosis, senescence, dormancy, or a proliferative state by acquisition of new properties. Consequently, PHSP-surviving hybrid cancer cells demonstrate altered functionalities within the tumor tissue. This is accompanied by changes in therapeutic responsiveness and a different metastatic behavior. Accordingly, enhanced tumor plasticity interferes with successful therapeutic interventions and aggravates patient prognoses. The present review article focusses on fusion of MSC with different human cancer cells, in particular breast cancer populations and resulting characteristics of various cancer hybrid cells. Moreover, some mechanisms of cancer cell fusion are discussed together with multiple PHSP pathways
Peri- und postoperatives Management und Outcome bei gynäkologischen Patientinnen mit einer extremen Adipositas (Grad 3, BMI> 40 kg/m²)
Get PDFReversal of Immunity After Clearance of Chronic HCV Infection-All Reset?
Get PDFChronic viral infections cause deterioration of our immune system. However, since persistent infections rarely can be eliminated, the reinvigoration capacity of an exhausted immune system has remained largely elusive. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can since some years be effectively cured with novel direct acting antiviral agents. Thus, it is now possible to study reversal of immunity in patients that are cured from a long-lasting chronic infection. We here highlight recent developments in the analysis of various immune cell populations during and after clearance of HCV infection. Surprisingly, whereas reinvigoration of certain immune traits clearly can be seen, many features of immune exhaustion persist over time after viral elimination. Thus, a long-term chronic insult might result in irreversible damage to our immune system. This will be important to consider in therapeutic vaccination efforts against chronic infection and in the development of immunotherapy based strategies against cancer
Entwicklung eines fragebogenbasierten Werkzeugs zur computergestützten Diagnostik ausgewählter, seltener Stoffwechselerkrankungen mittels Data Mining Verfahren
Get PDFImpact of Short-Term Hypoxia on Sirtuins as Regulatory Elements in HUVECs.
Get PDFBACKGROUND:Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that are involved in stress response, antioxidative defense, and longevity via posttranslational modifications. SIRT1 directly activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Aging is associated with a reduced sirtuin function and reduction of the cofactor NAD+. Age-related atherosclerosis and vascular diseases are linked to a compromised sirtuin function. Vascular events like stroke and cardiac infarction result in acute hypoxia, which can additionally impact sirtuins and thus the vascular function. This prompted us to study sirtuins in intact HUVECs, under acute, short-term hypoxic conditions. METHODS:We measured intracellular sirtuin and NAD+ levels in HUVECs exposed to hypoxia (2% O₂) for 10-120 min, compared to normoxic controls. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 were measured at the protein (Western Blot) and the transcript level (qRT-PCR), SIRT1 and SIRT3 at the enzyme level (fluorometrically), and NAD+ levels were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS:We observed a reduction of SIRT1 and SIRT4 at the protein level, a downregulation of SIRT1 at the transcript level and increased NAD+ levels under hypoxia. SIRT3 was not affected by hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS:Downregulation of SIRT1 under hypoxia might reduce production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the respiratory chain and inhibit the mitochondrial ATP-synthase, resulting in energy conservation. NOS might be impaired if SIRT1 is decreased. Increased NAD+ levels might compensate these effects. Hypoxic downregulation of SIRT4 might lead to mitochondrial uncoupling, hence endothelial dysfunction, and ADP/ATP-translocase 2 (ANT2)-inhibition. NAD+ upregulation might partly compensate this effect