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An Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, and Coping Strategies among Nurses: A Case of Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
No full textMASTERS in Clinical PsychologyFrontline healthcare workers, particularly nurses in high-stress environments such as maternity hospitals, are highly vulnerable to psychological distress due to demanding workloads, emotional exhaustion, and limited institutional support. This study assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression, identified factors contributing to psychological distress, explored coping strategies, and examined the relationship between anxiety, depression, and coping mechanisms among nurses at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional design employing a mixed-methods approach was utilized. Data were collected from 93 respondents through a researcher-developed questionnaire comprising both quantitative and qualitative items. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study revealed a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among nurses. According to the Beck’s Depression Inventory, the majority of respondents experienced mild to moderate depressive symptoms, while results from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale showed that most nurses reported mild to severe anxiety. Qualitative findings indicated that the main contributors to anxiety and depression included heavy workload, staff shortages, delayed salaries, inadequate resources, poor management support, and financial and family pressures. These factors were compounded by the emotionally demanding nature of maternity nursing, which often involves critical and distressing patient situations.Findings further showed that nurses employed a range of coping mechanisms, predominantly adaptive strategies such as planning, acceptance, teamwork, prayer, and emotional support, although some also resorted to maladaptive approaches such as self-blame and withdrawal. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated a significant positive relationship between anxiety and depression, as well as between these psychological conditions and coping strategies, indicating that emotional distress strongly influences coping behavior. The study concluded that while nurses at Pumwani Maternity Hospital exhibit resilience through various coping mechanisms, their mental health is adversely affected by institutional and personal stressors. It recommends that the hospital management and the Ministry of Health establish comprehensive mental health support systems, including regular psychological screening, counseling services, stress management training, and improved working conditions. Strengthening institutional and social support frameworks is essential to enhance nurses’ psychological well-being, reduce burnout, and improve the quality of maternal healthcare servicesDaystar Universit
Corporate Governance Practices and Competitive Advantage of Selected Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Co-Operatives Societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya
No full textMaster's ThesisDeposit-taking Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOs) play a crucial role in Kenya's financial sector, yet many face persistent challenges related to governance inefficiencies, declining profitability, and escalating competitive pressures. Despite the acknowledged importance of governance frameworks in financial institutions, SACCOs in Kenya continue to face persistent governance-related challenges that compromise their competitiveness and long-term sustainability. This study addresses the underexplored strategic role of corporate governance practices in fostering competitive advantage within selected deposit-taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research specifically investigated the relationship between corporate governance practices and competitive advantage, focusing on key dimensions such as board independence, board diversity, equitable treatment of shareholders, and disclosure and transparency. It also examined the mediating influence of organizational culture on this relationship. The study was guided by agency theory, stakeholder theory, and the theory of competitive advantage. A convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was adopted, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data to ensure comprehensive analysis. The study targeted 129 SACCO members, from which a purposive sample of 120 respondents were identified along with 9 board members. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings were summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis, and presented through tables and narrative explanations. The study revealed that sound corporate governance practices such as transparency, accountability, risk management, and board independence played a critical role in enhancing competitive advantage. A majority of interview respondents affirmed that these practices were integrated into SACCO operations. Regression analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between corporate governance practices and competitive performance, with corporate governance practices explaining over half of the variance in competitive advantage. Furthermore, a majority of respondents attributed improved decision-making to board independence, while another significant proportion identified transparency as the primary driver of member trust and loyalty. The findings demonstrated that effective corporate governance practices led to increased member satisfaction and enhanced service delivery, supporting SACCOs' efforts to sustain market leadership. The study recommended aligning governance frameworks with organizational culture to maximize effectiveness. It also advocated for regular training for board members and management to ensure adherence to best practices, industry standards, and regulatory requirements. For future research, the study suggested conducting longitudinal analyses to examine the long-term impact of corporate governance practices on SACCO performance. It also recommended exploring the role of technology in enhancing corporate governance practices, particularly in promoting transparency and operational efficiency. Lastly, comparative studies across various SACCOs were proposed to identify best corporate governance practices and differences in competitive advantage across diverse organizational contextsDaystar Universit
Teachers’ Perspectives on The Long -Term Impact of The Tusome Program on Upper Primary Literacy Development: A Case Study of Kisii Central Sub- County
No full textMASTER OF EDUCATION in Leadership and Policy StudiesSustaining early literacy gains beyond lower primary grades remains a significant challenge in Kenya. The Tusome program, implemented in Grades 1–3, aimed to strengthen foundational literacy skills, yet limited research has examined its long-term impact on upper primary learners. This study explored teachers’ perspectives on the long-term effects of Tusome on literacy development in Grades 4–6 in Kisii Central Sub-County. The main objective was to investigate how the program influenced learners’ reading, writing, comprehension, and the application of literacy skills in content-based subjects in upper primary. The study was guided by Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, which emphasizes scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development, and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, highlighting modeling, reinforcement, and learner self-efficacy. A qualitative case study design was employed, targeting twenty upper primary teachers as the population of the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, allowing participants to provide in-depth perspectives on learners’ literacy outcomes and challenges. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and themes, which were interpreted in relation to the research objectives and theoretical frameworks. Findings revealed that Tusome significantly enhanced learners’ reading fluency, oral confidence, and retention of basic literacy skills. Teachers observed that learners entering upper primary were more confident in reading, speaking, and engaging with texts. However, challenges persisted in advanced comprehension, organized writing, and the application of literacy skills in content-based subjects. Systemic factors including limited instructional resources, inadequate parental support, teacher transfers, and an overloaded curriculum were reported as barriers to sustaining literacy gains. Teachers recommended extending Tusome strategies into upper primary, continuous professional development for teachers, curriculum alignment, and increased parental and community engagement. This study contributes to knowledge by providing empirical insights into the long-term sustainability of early literacy interventions beyond lower grades. It demonstrates that foundational reading skills alone are insufficient for continuous literacy development and underscores the necessity of sustained scaffolding, teacher support, and multi-stakeholder involvement to ensure learners’ literacy skills continue to develop as they progress through primary school.Daystar Universit
Faith-based Approaches Influence on individual behavior to Galvanize Collective Action on Climate issues
No full textConference PaperThe escalating crisis of climate change is presently unequivocally recognized as a profound threat to planetary health. Addressing this complex challenge necessitates the mobilization of multifaceted and multidisciplinary tools that transcend scientific and political domains. In this context, this paper investigates the significant, yet often marginalized, role of faith in shaping societal values, influencing individual behavior, and galvanizing collective action on climate issues. It examines the theological foundations within Christianity that articulate a compelling framework for environmental stewardship and ethical responsibility towards all creation. Employing a textual analysis as the primary methodological framework, this paper critically examines key scriptural passages from both the Old and New Testaments, alongside other relevant theological discourses from prominent Christian thinkers and institutions. The paper aims to illuminate the inherent values within Christianity, such as the concept of divinely ordained creation, humanity's role as caretakers, and the imperative for justice and love for thy neighbor. These elements can be powerfully harnessed to promote climate awareness and encourage environmental stewardship within communities and individual lives. They can also advocate for comprehensive climate justice, particularly for vulnerable populations that have been disproportionately affected by environmental degradation. The intended outcome of this exploration is to generate foundational knowledge regarding the potential of Christian perspectives to contribute to a more ethically grounded, values-driven, and ultimately more effective approach to confronting the urgent challenges of climate change. At its core, this research underscores the importance of engaging faith communities as vital partners in fostering a universal commitment to planetary health.Daystar Universit
Influence of Psycho-Social Factors on The Wellbeing of Healthcare Workers: Case of Level Four Health Facilities in Kajiado County, Kenya
No full textMASTERS in Clinical PsychologyThis study examined the psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants of healthcare workers’ mental well-being in Level Four health facilities in Kajiado County, Kenya. The objectives were to evaluate psychosocial factors, determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and assess the moderating influence of education level and years of experience on the relationship between psychosocial conditions and well-being. A mixedmethods design was employed, targeting 135 healthcare workers through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed persistent psychosocial strain characterized by high job demands, emotional exhaustion, low job satisfaction, inadequate remuneration, and inconsistent supervisory support. Descriptive results indicated that 81.5% of respondents frequently felt emotionally exhausted, 85.2% experienced workloadrelated stress, and 83.7% reported poor work–life balance. Remuneration satisfaction was low, with 65.9% disagreeing that their salary met personal needs and 78.5% citing delayed pay as a source of financial strain. Although supervisory support was moderately positive, 53.3% of respondents reported inadequate staffing levels. Results from the DASS-21 scale revealed a severe burden of psychological distress, with no respondents within the normal range: 1.5% reported mild, 73.3% moderate, 17.8% severe, and 7.4% extremely severe distress. Anxiety was the most prevalent condition, followed by depression and stress, with nurses being the most affected cadre. Correlation analysis indicated significant negative relationships between psychosocial factors and mental well-being: psychosocial strain (r = −0.604, p < .01), job demand (r = −0.369, p < .01), job satisfaction (r = −0.374, p < .01), and remuneration (r = −0.463, p < .01). Conversely, education level (r = 0.824, p < .01) and years of experience (r = 0.744, p < .01) were positively correlated with well-being, suggesting that education and tenure enhanced coping and resilience. The regression model was highly predictive, R = 0.913, R² = 0.833, adjusted R² = 0.825, F(5, 129) = 106.27, p < .001. Psychosocial strain, job satisfaction, and remuneration significantly reduced wellbeing, while education and experience exerted strong positive effects. Qualitative findings corroborated the quantitative results, highlighting chronic fatigue, anxiety before emergencies, financial strain, and a lack of institutional psychosocial support. Peer support and spirituality emerged as informal coping mechanisms. The study concluded that healthcare workers in Kajiado County experienced high psychological distress driven by workload pressure, low job satisfaction, and financial challenges, with education and experience providing partial protection. The findings supported the Job Demands– Resources model and the Conservation of Resources theory, demonstrating that excessive demands depleted emotional reserves while accumulated resources enhanced resilience. It was recommended that health institutions redistribute workloads, improve remuneration and staffing, promote continuous professional development, and institutionalize psychosocial support within occupational policy frameworks to strengthen resilience, retention, and service quality.Daystar Universit
Framing Climate-Smart Agriculture in Digital Media: A Content Analysis of Kenyan Web Platforms and WhatsApp Groups
No full textConference PaperClimate-smart agriculture (CSA) is central to enhancing food security, increasing resilience to climate variability, and promoting sustainable farming in Kenya. While traditional media have long played a role in agricultural communication, digital platforms-particularly websites and WhatsApp groups - are increasingly shaping how farmers, extension officers, and the public engage with CSA knowledge. This study examines how CSA is framed and disseminated through selected Kenyan web platforms and WhatsApp groups used for agricultural communication. Employing content analysis, the research reviews a sample of digital content published between 2022 and 2024 from popular web-based platforms: Farmers’ Trend and Shamba Shape Up Online. Additionally, purposively selected WhatsApp groups comprising smallholder farmers, agro-entrepreneurs, and extension officers are analyzed to identify recurring themes, framing patterns, source attribution, and the types of CSA practices promoted (e.g., organic inputs, irrigation technique, climate-resilient crops).The study explores how digital content incorporates indigenous knowledge, gender perspectives, and localized adaptation practices, and whether it encourages dialogue or behavior change. Preliminary analysis indicates that while web platforms offer structured and evidence-based CSA content, WhatsApp groups serve as dynamic spaces for peer-to- peer learning, real-time problem-solving, and local innovation exchange - though they also present risks of misinformation.This research highlights the evolving role of digital media in Kenya’s agricultural communication ecosystem and offers recommendations for strengthening the quality, reach, and inclusivity of CSA messaging. It also calls for strategic media-literacy interventions and collaborative frameworks that link digital media practitioners, agricultural experts, and rural communities.Daystar Universit
Dynamic P-Glycoprotein Expression in Early and Late Memory States of Human CD8 + T Cells and The Protective Role of Ruxolitinib
No full textJournal ArticleABCB1/MDR-1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is an ABC transporter responsible for cancer cell multi-drug resistance. It is expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Eliminating sensitive cancer cells during high-dose chemotherapy can also damage immune cells. Our study aimed to assess which maturing human CD8 + CTL memory subsets may be affected based on their Pgp protein expression. In an in vitro CTL differentiation model system, we tracked the maturation of naive, effector, and memory cells and the expression of Pgp. This system involves co-culturing blood lymphocytes with proliferation-inhibited JY antigen-presenting B-lymphoblastoid cells expressing HLA-I A2. These JY-primed maturing CTLs were TCR-activated using beads, and the effect of the maturationmodifying JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was examined. Multidimensional analysis identified six major CTL subsets: naive, young memory (Tym), stem cell memory (Tscm), central memory (Tcm), effector memory (Tem), and effectors (Te). These subsets were further divided into thirteen specific subsets: TymCD127 + , TymCD127-,Tscm, TcmCD95 + , TcmCD73 +CD95 + , TcmCD95+CD127 + , TcmPD1 + , TemCD95 + , TemraCD127 + , TemraCD127-, TeCD95 + , and TeCD73 +CD95 + . Pgp expression was detectable in naïve cells and dynamically changed across the thirteen identified subsets. Increased Pgp was detected in young memory T cells and in Tscm,
TcmCD95 + , and TcmPD1 + human CTL subsets. Unlike other transiently appearing memory cells, the number of cells in these core Pgp-expressing memory subsets stabilized by the end of the contraction phase. Ruxolitinib treatment downregulated effector T-cell polarization while upregulating small memory subsets expressing Pgp. In conclusion, activation increased Pgp expression, whereas ruxolitinib treatment preserved small early and latememory subset core that primarily expressed Pg
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Digitalize Immigration Services for Quality and Sustainable Public Service Delivery in Kenya
No full textMASTER OF ARTS in Diplomacy, Development, and International SecurityThe provision of high-quality and sustainable public services remains a central mandate of Kenya’s Directorate of Immigration Services. However, systemic obstacles such as bureaucratic delays, inadequate infrastructure, and constrained digital capabilities continue to impede service delivery, and have hindered the achievement of sustainable development in Kenya. This study explored the role of leveraging Artificial Intelligence to digitalize immigration services for quality and sustainable public service delivery in Kenya. The reference was put on enhancing operational efficiency, services quality, service accessibility, and long-term sustainability. The study sought to assess the role of Artificial Intelligence in promoting the delivery of quality and sustainable immigration services at the immigration directorate in Kenya. It equally sought to assess the digital literacy of the employees in the immigration directorate, including their engagement and proficiency with the Artificial Intelligence digitized system. Moreover, the study sought to assess citizens’ literacy towards using the Artificial Intelligence digital system in accessing digitized immigration services at the immigration directorate in Kenya. The study was underpinned by Diffusion of Innovation and the Cohesive Service Delivery Theories, with a mixed methods research that incorporated exploratory research approach to collect and analyze data. The study findings show that the use of Artificial Intelligence in public services like immigration, significantly enhance efficiency in immigration operations. The study found that Artificial Intelligence used in immigration services enhances and improves quality of service, and promotes sustainability of those services. The study findings revealed that the use of Artificial Intelligence enhances the delivery of immigration services as a lower cost and less time thus promoting efficiency and accuracy in the process. The study showed that the use of Artificial Intelligence in immigration services would address corruption and corrupt arrangements because it remove middle men who normally serve as the agents of corruption. The study however, found that using Artificial Intelligence in Kenya’s immigration services would encounter numerous challenges such as lack of strong internet infrastructure, occasional system downtime, staff resistance to digital adoption, financial constraints, and limited training opportunities. The study underscores the need of integrating capacity building, robust policy frameworks, and citizen sensitization into Artificial Intelligence adoption strategies. The study underscores further research in digitalization and a comparative analysis research in the areas of ethics of Artificial Intelligence.Daystar Universit
Leveraging Innovation and Technology for Climate-Smart Forestry in Kenya
No full textThis study aims to fill an important evidence gap by examining the types, uptake, and perceived impacts of technological and innovative solutions currently used in Kenya’s forestry sector. Drawing on a mixed-methods design, the research maps out innovations ranging from mobile-based forest alerts and participatory GIS mapping to climatesmart agroforestry models and community-led digital monitoring initiatives. It further assesses barriers that limit wider adoption and opportunities for scaling up in ways that strengthen both environmental sustainability and local livelihoods (Ndiritu et al., 2025). The insights generated are expected to guide policy and programming for national and county governments, inform donor and private-sector investments, and support grassroots organizations in building robust innovation ecosystems that enable resilient, adaptive, and community-centered forest governance. Ultimately, strengthening the technological backbone of Kenya’s forestry sector will be indispensable for delivering on climate commitments, halting deforestation and degradation, and improving the wellbeing of millions who rely on forests for daily survival and future security (FAO, 2025; GoK, 2025)
Cultural Practices and Perceptions of Youth on Major Depressive Disorder among Young People Aged 18 to 30 Years Enrolled in Universities and Colleges in Homa Bay County, Kenya
No full textMasters in Counseling PsychologyThis study examined how cultural practices influence perceptions of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among young adults aged 18–30 years enrolled in universities and colleges in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The research was driven by a limited understanding of how traditional beliefs and healing practices shape mental health awareness and help-seeking behaviour among youth in rural Kenya. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of MDD, identify cultural practices influencing mental health perceptions, and analyse how these practices shape youth attitudes toward depression and professional help-seeking. A mixed-methods design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 132 respondents using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Qualitative data from 10 in-depth interviews were analysed thematically to complement statistical findings. Results showed that 24.2% of respondents had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Regression analysis revealed that cultural beliefs significantly predicted depression perceptions (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), with stronger adherence to traditional views associated with a lower likelihood of seeking professional help (β = –0.36, p < 0.05). Education level moderated this relationship (p < 0.05), as students with higher education demonstrated more balanced biomedical and cultural interpretations of depression. Gender differences were marginal but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Qualitative findings reinforced that religious faith, ancestral beliefs, and communal expectations shape interpretations of depressive symptoms. The study concluded that cultural frameworks substantially determine how young people in Homa Bay County perceive and respond to depression. It recommends culturally sensitive mental health education, collaboration between traditional and professional healers, and integration of mental health programmes in higher learning institutions to reduce stigma and improve access to care.Daystar Universit