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From Grammar to Green: Shifting Language Instruction in Universities in Kenya to Combat Climate Change
No full textConference PaperAs the climate crisis intensifies, there is growing recognition that higher education must respond not only through policy, but also through language education. In universities in Kenya, English language instruction remains largely skills-focused, often detached from pressing global concerns such as climate change. Yet, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 calls for transformative education that builds communication capacity. This paper explored how English language instruction at university can be redesigned to align with SDG 13 and support the development of environmentally conscious graduates. The study focused on three objectives: to assess the extent to which English language courses in universities in Kenya incorporate climate-related discourse; to examine lecturers’ perceptions of integrating climate change issues into language teaching; and to propose pedagogical strategies that align language learning outcomes with global climate change goals. A mixed methods research design was adopted. Data was collected through syllabus analysis and questionnaires for language lecturers and students. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data and SPSS for quantitative data. The findings suggested that while awareness of climate change exists among educators, its integration into language teaching remains peripheral. The paper recommends the redesign of English language syllabi to include sustainability-driven learning outcomes, professional development for instructors on climate discourse pedagogy, and interdisciplinary collaborationDaystar Universit
Alkaloids Isolated from Vepris glandulosa with Antidiabetic Properties: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
No full textJournal ArticleDiabetes is a major global health issue and as current treatments fail, the search for new antidiabetic drugs is crucial. This investigation, focusing on identifying potential antidiabetic
compounds from the endangered plant species Vepris glandulosa, led to the isolation of two known alkaloids, choisyine acetate (1) and choisyine (2). The study established the in vitro
inhibitory activities and in silico molecular interaction of the two alkaloids with α-amylase based on IC50 values, Linewaever- Burk/Dixon plot kinetic analyses and Molecular docking,
respectively. The α-amylase inhibition assay revealed noncompetitive inhibition for both compounds with IC50 and Ki values of 4.74�0.17 and 4.75 mM for compound 1, and 11.29�
0.44 and 12.37 mM for compound 2, respectively. In comparison, the standard drug acarbose displayed a competitive mode of inhibition, with IC50 and Ki values of 11.99�0.02 and
12.68 mM, respectively. The binding affinities with α-amylase were 6.42 and 6.07 kcal/mol for compounds 1 and 2, respectively relative to acarbose 8.03 Kcal/mol. Moreover,
these two compounds’ predicted physicochemical and ADMET properties justified their potential as lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds demonstrated remarkable inhibition
potential comparable to the standard drug, highlighting their potential as viable alternatives in managing diabetes
Supplier Relationship Management Practices and Project Procurement Performance in Kenya: A Case of Nairobi City County
No full textMaster of Business Administration in Project Management and Supply Chain Management.Supplier Relationship Management practices in Nairobi City County have historically faced significant challenges, contributing to procurement inefficiencies and corruption. This study aimed to explore the effect of SRM practices on procurement performance in Nairobi City County projects. The study's objectives were to: examine the relationship between supplier collaboration and project procurement performance; determine the relationship between contract management and project procurement performance; assess the relationship between risk management and project procurement performance; and determine the moderating effect of procurement ethics on the relationship between SRM practices and project procurement performance in Nairobi City County. The theoretical framework incorporated stakeholder theory, Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. The study employed a descriptive and correlational research design, targeting 496 individuals in Nairobi City County. A sample size of 149 participants was selected. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that supplier collaboration, contract management, and risk management practices all had positive relationships with project procurement performance. However, there were significant shortcomings in areas such as information sharing, contract amendments, and risk analysis. Procurement ethics was found to positively moderate the relationship between SRM practices and performance. The study concluded that while some SRM practices were effectively implemented, there were substantial areas for improvement, particularly in transparency, risk management, and ethical practices. The study recommends that Nairobi City County enhance joint planning and information sharing with suppliers, implement more transparent contract management procedures, develop robust risk mitigation strategies, and strengthen adherence to ethical procurement principles. Additionally, regular training and review of SRM practices are recommended to ensure their continued relevance and effectiveness.Daystar University, School of Business and Economic
Advancements and Challenges of Problem-Based Learning: A Case Study of Daystar University
No full textBook ChapterThe global higher education landscape is fast evolving, demanding that universities equip students with critical knowledge and 21st-century skills. Daystar University (DU) 's switch from teacher-centered models to Problem-Based Learning (PBL) reflects this shift. PBL stresses critical thinking and real-world problem-solving, essential for today's interconnected world. The chapter examined the challenges and advancements of PBL implementation at DU using qualitative methods involving interviews with 30 selected informants and document analysis. Findings show that while PBL has been integrated across various programs, challenges like resistance to change, insufficient faculty training, and resource limitations persist. However, significant progress has been made, including adopting technology-enhanced tools, increased faculty collaboration, and a growing culture of innovation among students. The study recommends targeted faculty development, improved infrastructure, and stronger support systems to enhance PBL's effectiveness in fostering more profound learning experiences
Cultural Influence on Health-Seeking Behaviors among Kenyan Women with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)
No full textJournal ArticlePurpose of Study:This qualitative systematic review examines how these cultural and social dynamics influence help-seeking behaviors among Kenyan women with AUD, drawing from peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024.Problem Statement:Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) among women in Kenya is more than a health concern; it is a deeply rooted issue shaped by cultural expectations, gender norms, and systemic inequalities.Methodology:The articles were systematically assessed, and a general trend was observedwithin the Kenyan women's population. Findings:The findings reveal a layered reality: women who drink often face harsh judgment, stigma, and social invisibility, largely due to traditional beliefs that associate femininity with caregiving, self-sacrifice, and moral virtue. Many women shoulder significant family responsibilities without adequate support, especially from partners or extended family, which further limits their ability to seek help. Treatment options arealso lacking. Services rarely account for women’s specific needs, and mental health support is often poorly integrated into substance use care. Religious institutions present a dual reality, offering comfort and connection for some, while reinforcing shame and stigma for others.Conclusion and Recommendation:This review highlightsthese issues and further suggeststhe urgent need for culturally sensitive, gender-responsive interventions that reflect women’s lived experiences. By addressing stigma, expanding access to care, and building supportive community networks, we can foster a more inclusive and compassionate approach to AUD recovery. These will offerguidance for shaping mental health and substance use policies across Sub-SaharanAfrica
Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Substance use Disorders Among Patients in Selected Rehabilitation Centres in Nairobi County, Kenya
No full textDoctor of Philosophy in Clinical PsychologyThe increasing prevalence of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) has become an emerging public health concern in Kenya, contributing to the global addiction crisis and straining healthcare systems and communities. This study assessed the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on SUDs among patients in selected rehabilitation centres in Nairobi County. Specifically, it assessed the prevalence of different types of SUDs; the relationship between socio-demographic variables and SUDs; the risk levels of SUDs; the comorbidity of SUDs; and evaluated the efficacy of ACT in treating patients with SUDs. The study was guided by, the Psychological Flexibility Model and Self-Efficacy Theory. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, involving an experimental group that received ACT and a control group that received Treatment as Usual (TAU). Six rehabilitation centres were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 100 male patients aged 18–59 years were then recruited through convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.25). Descriptive statistics summarized substance use prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA assessed associations between demographic variables and SUD prevalence and risk levels. Chi-square test was used to examined relationships between substance use and mental health symptoms, while repeated measures ANOVA tested the impact of ACT over time. The findings revealed a high prevalence of different types of lifetime substance use, with alcohol (96%), tobacco (74%), and cannabis (62%) being the most commonly used substances. Use of sedatives (25%), opioids (11%), inhalants (10%), and other substances such as khat (10%), cocaine (9%), amphetamines (7%), and hallucinogens (6%) was also reported, though at lower levels. Moderate to high-risk substance use levels were observed, especially among younger participants. Socio-demographic variables such as income, education, employment, age, and religion showed significant associations with both SUD prevalence and risk levels. Additionally, mild to high levels of comorbid depression and anxiety were reported. The study found that ACT significantly reduced symptoms of comorbid depression and anxiety over time, with large effect sizes observed for anxiety (Wilks’Lambda= .727, F(2, 90)=16.89, p<.001,η² = .273). A significant linear decline in depression symptoms (Wilks’Lambda= .852, F(2, 90) = 7.82, p < .001, η² = .148), were also observed. Remarkably, the ACT intervention led to significant reductions in psychological inflexibility (Wilks’Lambda= .673, F(2, 90)=21.87, p<.001,η² = .327). and substance use severity across the study period (Wilks’Lambda= .705, F(2, 90)=18.64, p<.001,η² = .295)., while the control group showed minimal change. In conclusion, the study provides empirical support for the effectiveness of ACT in treating SUDs and addressing co-occurring mental health challenges in rehabilitation settings. The findings also underscore the need to consider socio-demographic determinants and integrate mental health services into substance use treatment. These insights may inform clinical practice, mental health policy, and future research on culturally adapted interventions in Kenya and similar settings.Daystar Universit
Transformational Leadership and Employee Turnover Intention in Private Hospitals in Kenya: A Case of The Nairobi Hospital
No full textMaster of Business Administration in Human Resource ManagementHigh employee turnover in private hospitals will continue to pose a significant challenge to healthcare delivery systems globally, with private hospitals in Nairobi expected to experience acute staffing instabilities that will compromise both patient care quality and organizational effectiveness. This study investigated the influence of transformational leadership on employee turnover intention in private hospitals in Kenya: A case of The Nairobi Hospital. The study was grounded in transformational leadership theory, focusing on four key dimensions: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration, as critical leadership behaviours influencing employee outcomes. Social Identity Theory served as the anchor framework, explaining how employees developed psychological attachment to their organizations through leader-follower relationships. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 333 participants from a target population of 1,964 employees across three divisions: Clinical (490), Nursing (785), and non-clinical (689), with proportional allocation yielding 83, 133, and 117 participants, respectively. Primary data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, using a five-point Likert scale to capture perceptions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in terms of correlation analysis and multiple regression modeling using SPSS version 28.0. It was preceded by diagnostic testing to ensure compliance with assumptions of normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity. The study revealed a significant negative relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intention, with all four dimensions, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration, predicting reduced turnover intention. Organizational commitment demonstrated a significant moderating effect, strengthening the inverse relationship. The overall model was expected to explain a substantial portion of the variance in turnover intention. These findings contributed to leadership literature by offering empirical evidence from the Kenyan healthcare context and provided practical insights for hospital administrators aiming to enhance employee retention through targeted leadership development and organizational commitment strategies. The study findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship. The research also concluded that effective transformational leadership fosters trust and commitment. Finally, the research recommends the adoption of strategies that promote intellectual stimulation among employees, like encouraging team members to be creative and innovative.Daystar Universit
Stakeholder Communication in Enhancing Responsible Waste Disposal: A Case of Embakasi East Sub-County Residents
No full textMASTER OF ARTS in Corporate CommunicationStakeholder communication lays emphasis on organizations, focusing on the attitudes, needs, and interests of stakeholders as the best approach to a problem. The study gap emphasized stakeholder communication as a proposed Corporate Communication concept for organizational improvement through an understanding of their stakeholders' needs, interests, and concerns. It sought to examine stakeholder communication in enhancing responsible waste disposal by Embakasi East sub-county residents. The study attempted to determine if organizations can utilize stakeholder communication to improve performance. The objectives included establishing the prevailing forms of communication undertaken between Nairobi City County and its Embakasi East sub-county residents; determining the response of Embakasi East sub-county residents towards waste disposal; and finding out the relationship between stakeholder communication and waste disposal among Nairobi City County and Embakasi East sub-county residents. The study was done in Embakasi East sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya, with the population being the residents of Embakasi East sub-county. The sample size comprised Sunrise Phase 3 Estate residents who covered low and middle-income residents, two officers from Nairobi City County, and 7 low-income residents working within the estate. The study mainly used a descriptive research design utilizing descriptive questionnaires, interview guides, and a focus group discussion guide as the methods of data collection. Data analysis was mainly through descriptive analysis, deriving frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The major findings included Nairobi City County utilizing a wide array of communication, which is more manual than digital, with a preference for physical interaction. Secondly, Embakasi East sub-county residents have a concern for keeping the environment clean, but there are communication gaps based on preferred communication channels. Thirdly, residents acknowledge the effectiveness of social media in accessing information, but the County prefers other channels. Lastly, Nairobi City County seeks to provide knowledge and understanding to stakeholders with an emphasis that everyone has a role to play.Daystar Universit
Stakeholder Engagement and Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects among Non-Governmental Organisations in Kenya: Case of Toll-Free Lines Project
No full textMaster of Business Administration in Project ManagementSustainability of donor-funded projects remains a critical challenge for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya, particularly after the withdrawal of donor support. In this regard, the project team needs to employ strategies to ensure project sustainability and meet long term project goals. This study investigated the influence of stakeholder engagement on the sustainability of such projects, using FIDA Kenya’s toll-free call lines initiative as case study. The study focused on the following specific research objectives; to determine the influence of stakeholder identification on sustainability of donor funded projects; to evaluate the extent to which stakeholder involvement impacts sustainability of donor funded projects in NGOs and to examine the stakeholder communication methods used to achieve project sustainability. The study was anchored on stakeholder theory, supported by sustainability theory, participatory development theory and institutional theory. The research adopted explanatory and cross-sectional research design to capture a snapshot of the effect of stakeholder engagement strategies and their impact on project sustainability. From a study population of 3,135, the target population of 90 stakeholders directly and indirectly involved was selected. The study used census sampling technique, the target population of 90 formed the sample size. The study achieved a response rate of 74%, with 67 completed questionnaires. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with SPSS version 27, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize stakeholder perceptions, while inferential statistics including correlation and regression analyses were employed to determine the strength and nature of relationships between stakeholder engagement variables and project sustainability. The analysed data was presented using tables and graphs for clarity. The findings revealed that stakeholder identification (β = 0.923), stakeholder involvement (β = 0.587) and stakeholder communication (β = 0.981), significantly influence project sustainability, while legal and regulatory compliance (β = 0.161) plays a supportive role. The regression model demonstrated that these factors collectively explain 82.2% of the variation in project sustainability (R² = 0.822). The study concludes that structured and inclusive stakeholder engagement strategies is essential for long-term project viability. The study recommended that NGOs in Kenya should consider adopting evidence-based stakeholder engagement strategies by systematically identifying, involving, and communicating with stakeholders throughout the project phases. These insights are valuable for NGOs, donor agencies, and policymakers seeking to enhance the sustainability of donor-funded initiatives.Daystar Universit