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Theory of Financial Intermediation: A Millennial Perspective of Theory and Practice.
No full textJournal ArticleFinancial intermediaries, according to the theory, have to function only because financial market are not perfect, which spells out their intermediation process towards profitability and growth attainment. This study aided to depicts the importance of financial structure in intermediation process, the two broad categories of intermediaries, the two perspectives intermediaries are expected to function, theory of financial intermediation and related theories the mirrors out the process, how and why they must be regulated at interval and the functions of intermediaries towards household, firms and governmen
Infopreneurship
No full textBookThe digital age has ushered in unprecedented opportunities for knowledge sharing, entrepreneurship, and innovation. At the intersection of these dynamics lies
Infopreneurship—a transformative field that empowers individuals to turn information into impactful products, services, and revenue streams. This book serves as a comprehensive guide for aspiring and seasoned infopreneurs, equipping them with the tools, strategies, and insights needed to thrive in today’s knowledge-driven economy. The chapters within provide a structured exploration of Infopreneurship, starting with foundational concepts in Introduction to Infopreneurship and progressing to advanced topics such as Data Visualization and Analysis and Future Trends and Innovations. Readers will gain a deep understanding of critical domains like Digital Content Creation, User Experience, Information Security, and Market Identification, all tailored to the unique challenges of the information economy. In addition, practical aspects such as Content Marketing and Monetization Strategies and Information Revenue Products and Streams are covered in detail, bridging theory with actionable insights. The inclusion of Case Studies offers real-world examples that illustrate the application of concepts, while chapters on Legal and Ethical Considerations and Monitoring, Evaluation, and Review ensure that readers approach Infopreneurship with integrity and professionalism. This book is not only a roadmap for building a successful infopreneurial venture but also a call to embrace innovation and ethical responsibility in the dissemination of knowledge. It invites readers to reimagine the value of information in a connected
world and challenges them to harness its potential for personal and societal growth.
Whether you are an entrepreneur, educator, or innovator, this book is your gateway
to mastering the art and science of Infopreneurship.Daystar Universit
Assessment of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Treatment of PTSD among LGBTQ Individuals in Selected Support Groups in Kenya
No full textBook ChapterThe present study highlights the efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Treating PTSD among LGBTQ Individuals in Selected Support Groups in Kenya.
There is prospective evidence that virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), a digitally aided psychotherapy, can effectively lessen the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the meantime, empirical research has shown that PTSD prevalence estimates for LGBTQ+ people reach up to 48%,
significantly higher than those for the general population, suggesting that they are more likely to experience the disorder. The study adopted a quasi experimental design as an empirical interventional study to estimate and establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and
dependent variable without random assignment. This study is intervention research using a quasi-experimental research design to collect data from 60
LGBTQ+ individuals in selected support groups in Kenya. The samples of 60 LGBTQ+ individuals were screened positive for PTSD symptoms, using the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5). The recruited participants were assigned to two research groups namely, experimental (N = 30), and control (N = 30) groups. Participants in the experimental group were treated with VRET, whereas participants in the control group did not go through VRET protocols.
Participants were assessed at baseline, midline and a 3-month follow-up assessment at end line. The results from the independent sample t-test showed
that VRET was effective in the treatment of PTSD (p = 0.042). The partial Eta Square effect size of (η2= 0.080; p = 0.042) at the end line is an indication that VRET has a medium effect size. VRET is effective to treat PTSD among LGBTQ+ individuals. For clinical psychologists working among this population
who might be presenting with PTSD symptoms, VRET is a potential and effective intervention that could be used to help this population
The Impact of External Debt on Economic Performance in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach.
No full textJournal ArticleThis study examines the impact of external debt on Nigeria's economic growth between 2010 and 2022. Emphasis is given to rising debt levels from commercial sources (Eurobonds) and bilateral loans (China), which particularly impact economic performance and the country's long-term viability. Debt overhang theory was adopted, while an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed utilizing quarterly time-series data. The research examines the relationship between external debt levels and GDP growth, with the exchange rate, inflation and Federal government capital expenditure as control variables. The findings highlighted that while external debt can occasionally stimulate economic growth by financing infrastructure and other developmental projects, the rising costs of debt servicing significantly strain fiscal resources, corroborate the debt overhang theory, and could potentially impede long-term economic growth by consuming a substantial portion of the national budget and limiting public investment. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the complex dynamics between external debt and economic growth in Nigeria, offering insights crucial for policymakers to formulate strategies that balance debt management with sustainable economic growth
Assessment of Family Dysfunction and Substance Use Disorder: Case of Inpatients at the Port Reitz Subcounty Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya
No full textMasters in Clinical PsychologySubstance Use Disorder (SUD) remains a significant public health challenge globally, regionally, and nationally. In Kenya, the problem is more pronounced in urban areas, with the coastal region identified as one of the most affected. Existing research highlights a complex interplay between substance use and family dysfunction; however, there is a notable gap in empirical studies examining this relationship within clinical settings in coastal Kenya. This study sought to assess the association between substance use disorder and family dysfunction among adult inpatients receiving treatment at Port Reitz Mental Hospital, Mombasa. The research was guided by Bowen’s Family Systems Theory (1978), which posits that individuals cannot be fully understood in isolation from their family unit, as dysfunction in one member often reflects broader systemic issues. A descriptive crosssectional research design was adopted, targeting 75 adult patients clinically diagnosed with SUD. Data were collected using the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) to measure perceived family functioning across multiple domains, alongside a structured clinical records review form to capture socio-demographic characteristics and substance use history. The study explored how family dysfunction influences patterns of substance use, severity, and risk of relapse. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27.0. The findings revealed a high prevalence of substance use disorder characterized by early onset, chronic use patterns, and widespread polysubstance involvement. The most commonly abused substances were cannabis (79.7%), khat (75.7%), and alcohol (54.1%). The results also indicated that a vast majority of participants (87.8%) came from dysfunctional or severely dysfunctional family systems, marked by breakdowns in communication, role clarity, affective involvement, problem solving, and behavioral control. Socio-demographic vulnerabilities—including youth, male gender, unemployment, and low educational attainment—were strongly associated with both substance use and family dysfunction. Furthermore, the relationship between substance use severity and family dysfunction was found to be substance- and domainspecific, underscoring the complexity of interactions between individual behavior and family systems. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on mental health and addiction in Kenya by providing empirical evidence from a clinical setting. The findings have practical implications for policymakers, clinicians, and rehabilitation practitioners, emphasizing the need for integrated treatment models that address both substance use and family dynamics. Strengthening family-centered interventions and socio-economic support systems can enhance recovery outcomes and inform more effective mental health strategies in Kenya’s coastal region.Daystar Universit
Assessing The Impact of Devolution on Economic Development in Kenya: A Case of Garissa County
No full textMaster of Arts in Diplomacy, Development, and International SecurityThe purpose of this study is to examine the assessing the impact of devolution on economic development in Kenya a case of Garissa County. The specific objectives of this study is to assess the devolved functions of various economic activities in Garissa County, Kenya, to examine the impact of devolution on poverty levels and income distribution on economic development in Garissa County, Kenya, to evaluate the prospects and challenges of select devolved functions in Garissa County, Kenya. The theories underpinning this study are Fiscal Decentralization Theory and Public Choice Theory. This study used exploratory mixed methods in collecting data, primary data were collected using semi structured, self-administered questionnaires, data was analyzed using SPSS Version 28.0 the study used stratified random sampling method. The target population of this study include Adults Population from 18 years and above living in Garrisa County, the target population consist of government official, farmers and business and industrial sectors. Analysis of the data involve use of descriptive data analysis parameters such as the mean, standard deviation and percentages. The sample size was 334 number of adults. The study adhered to ethical considerations and there after the study gave recommendations to policy makers in Garissa County. The findings of the study established that devolution in Garissa County is generally viewed positively, particularly in poverty reduction, improved public service delivery and economic development. Many respondents believe that devolution has helped to reduce poverty, enhanced the availability and quality of service and stimulated local growth through infrastructure development and employment opportunities. The results show that while devolution in Garissa County has created opportunities in employment and healthcare, its benefits are not widely or equitably shared, with poverty reduction and income generation remaining limited. Respondents also noted concerns about unequal resource distribution and inclusivity, though they acknowledged improvements in job opportunities and access to health services. Respondents generally view devolution as a strong driver of economic growth and improved service delivery but its potential is constrained by governance weakness. Political interferences emerged as the most significant challenge, with respondents emphasizing that patronage, elite capture and rivalries undermine resources allocation and equitable service deliveryDaystar Universit
Assessing The Socio-Economic Effects of Forced Evictions on the Displaced Communities in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya
No full textMaster of Arts in Diplomacy, Development, and International SecurityThe Mau Forest Complex was Kenya’s largest mountain forest and a crucial source of water and biodiversity. However, efforts to conserve this ecosystem through strict environmental policies led to the forced eviction of communities that had lived and worked in the forest for generations. This study examined how those evictions affected the social and economic livelihoods of displaced families at the Kipkongor IDP camp in Kiptagich Ward, Nakuru County. The specific objectives were: to assess the factors contributing to the Mau Forest Complex evictions, analyze the socioeconomic consequences of forced eviction on the displaced communities, and evaluate the role of government interventions in mitigating the negative effects of forced evictions from the Mau Forest Complex. Using Political Ecology and Environmental Justice theories, the research employed a descriptive design with a mixed-methods approach. The sample size of 150 (127 actual respondents) enabled appropriate data collection and analysis. Data were collected through structured questionnaires given to displaced adults, in-depth interviews with community leaders and officials, focus group discussions, and a review of government and NGO reports. The findings showed that flawed land allocation policies, demographic pressures, and political influences drove initial settlement in the forest and that eviction processes disrupted livelihoods, reduced access to food, water, and education, and left most families unable to restore their previous quality of life. Analyzing resettlement efforts revealed limited community consultation and inconsistent support services. The study identified a pattern of “double displacement,” where policy failures first deprived families of land and then criminalised their forest occupation under conservation law. The research recommended inclusive land-use planning that involves affected communities, rights-based resettlement programs with comprehensive livelihood restoration, and community-led conservation models that incorporate indigenous knowledge systems, thus aligning environmental protection with the rights and well-being of displaced populations.Daystar Universit
Assessing The Use of Participatory Communication Strategies in Communicating Climate Change by Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of Daystar University
No full textMASTERS OF ARTS in CommunicationThe purpose of the study was to assess the use of participatory communication strategies in communicating climate change by higher learning institutions with a case study of Daystar University. Its objectives were to determine the participatory communication strategies used by Daystar University in their efforts towards climate change, to assess the student’s involvement in the participatory communication strategies applied by Daystar University in climate change efforts and to investigate the student perception of the effectiveness of participatory strategies applied by Daystar University in climate action. A mixed methods research design was adopted in this study with a target population comprising of 140 students from the eight schools within Daystar University and for the quantitative approach and 6 key informants were targeted. Stratified sampling methods was used for the quantitative sample size and purposive sampling was used for the key informant sample based on their relevance to the study. Online survey tools were used to collect quantitative data which were analysed using descriptive statistics on the SPSS software. Semi-structured interviews were used for the qualitative data collection and analysed using manual thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. Guided by Paolo Freire’s theory of Participatory communication, the study found that Daystar used multiple participatory communication climate change strategies to enhance climate change engagement such as curriculum inclusion and participatory learning in certain departments, conferences, workshops, student led clubs and publications. The study also found that different barriers like heavy academic workload, lack of awareness and lack of interest hinder successful student engagement in participatory communication strategies highlighting the need to remove barriers to improve effective communication. The study also found that despite the participatory climate communication efforts in place, the student felt that the efforts were not enough highlighting the need for institutions do deepen their involvement with student to increase engagement in climate action. The study concluded that the institution needs to implement more inclusive strategies to strengthen participatory climate change communication at university level. The Institution also needs to identify barriers to effective engagement and find ways to overcome to create meaningful student engagement in climate action. The study recommends several strategies that institutions and policy makers can use to increase student’s participation in climate change communication to include reviewing the current curriculum to expand learning and teaching of climate change and encouraging participatory learning. The study also recommends to enhancing student involvement by increasing accessibility to participation forums and considering time favourable time that accommodate more student schedules. It also recommended to leverage on digital tools to enhance more awareness as they allow ease of access. The study recommends establishing a formal communication strategy or framework guiding participatory initiatives and also developing a monitoring and evaluation tool to evaluate the effectiveness.Daystar Universit
The Role of Facebook Usage Patterns by Youth in Civic Participation Activities in Kisumu Central Sub County
No full textMaster of Arts in Development, Diplomacy and International SecurityThis study investigates the role of Facebook usage patterns in shaping youth civic participation activities in Kisumu Central Sub County. It was grounded in Social Capital Theory and the Networked Public Sphere Theory, the research explores how digital social networks facilitate trust, collective action and inclusive public discourse among young people. The study is guided by three objectives: (i) to explore the levels of civic participation activities engaged in by youth, (ii) to evaluate the impact of Facebook usage patterns in civic engagement, and (iii) to identify opportunities associated with Facebook usage that enhance meaningful civic participation. Employing a mixed methods approach, the study combines a quantitative survey with qualitative focus groups discussions involving 100 youth participants aged 18 to 35. Quantitative analysis reveals a high frequency of Facebook use for diverse purposes, including information seeking, socializing, and civic engagement. Strong positive correlations and regression results confirm that general Facebook use, purpose engagement, and favorable attitudes towards Facebook as a civic tool significantly predict youth participation in both online and offline community initiatives, explaining over 80.6% of the variance. Qualitative data further illustrates Facebook’s transformative potential as a platform for digital activism, mobilization, fundraising, and civic education, with participants emphasizing the importance of digital literacy, community support, mentorship, and platform improvements to enhance its civic role. Overall, the study established Facebook’s dual function as a social network building social capital and as a dynamic networked public sphere fostering deliberative democracy among youth. Therefore, to increase youth engagement in civic participation activities in Kisumu Central Sub County, it is recommended that local authorities and community groups develop targeted programs that actively involve young people in both online and offline civic initiatives, leveraging existing youth networks and social media channels like Facebook to promote information sharing, discussions, and participation. Given the significant influence of Facebook, user habits on civic involvement, educational programs and workshops on digital literacy and responsible social media use should empower youth to utilize Facebook’s tools constructively while addressing challenges such as misinformation and digital exclusion. To fully realize Facebook potential for meaningful civic engagement, stakeholders including government, educational institutions, and civil society organizations should collaborate to establish supportive frameworks like mentorships programs, safe online spaces, and community-oriented digital literacy initiatives that build leadership skills and facilitate open dialogue. For further research, it is suggested that future studies explore the long-term patterns of youth civic engagement in Kisumu Central Sub County to understand sustained involvement and contributing factors. Experimental research should investigate the casual pathways between specific Facebook usage patterns and civic behaviors to clarify how online activities translate into real-world actions. Additionally, comparative studies examining new and emerging digital platforms alongside Facebook should provide comprehensive insights into how various tools influences youth civic participation, informing a holistic digital engagement strategy tailored to diverse youth groups in the Kisumu Central Sub County.Daystar Universit
Constructive Journalism in the Coverage of Covid-19 In Kenya: A Case of Daily Nation and the Standard Newspapers
No full textDoctor of Philosophy in CommunicationThe study investigated the practice of constructive journalism in the coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic by Kenya’s two leading newspapers, Daily Nation and The Standard. It problematized how the pandemic presented the Kenyan media with an opportunity to exercise constructive journalism through solution-oriented reporting, incorporation of diverse perspectives, and facilitation of constructive dialogue amid a public health crisis. It also examined the challenges encountered in adopting these principles. Guided by four research questions, the study explored: how Daily Nation and The Standard implemented solutions-oriented reporting during COVID-19; how they incorporated diverse viewpoints; how constructive dialogue aimed at fostering community resilience and trust was manifest; and what challenges constrained the adoption of constructive journalism practices. The theoretical framework drew primarily on Framing Theory, complemented by Narrative Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. Conducted within an interpretivist paradigm, the study employed an exploratory analysis research design. The target population comprised all COVID-19-related media content published in the two newspapers. A purposive sample of 160 articles (80 from each newspaper) was analyzed alongside in-depth interviews with five key journalists. Data generation methods included newspaper article content analysis and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed thematically, revealing latent and manifest meanings consistent with constructive journalism tenets. Key findings indicated that solutions-oriented reporting primarily highlighted governmental and institutional responses while underrepresenting citizen agency; diverse viewpoints were included but constrained by elite-driven sourcing and limited grassroots participation; constructive dialogue remained largely top-down, reflecting minimal participatory engagement; and numerous operational, political, and contextual challenges, including limited editorial autonomy and commercial pressures, hindered systematic adoption of constructive journalism. The study concludes that while both newspapers demonstrated foundational elements of constructive journalism, contextual constraints significantly shaped their practice, underscoring the need for media reforms to institutionalize constructive approaches. It recommends context-specific capacity-building, editorial independence, and integration of constructive journalism within training curricula to nurture solution-driven reporting, enhancing public trust and democratic resilience during crises. The study’s significance lies in advancing empirical understanding of constructive journalism within African media systems and offering theoretical and practical insights to guide future media development, crisis communication, and contextual theorization of constructive journalism globally.Daystar Universit