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A Nazi in French Oceania: Retracing Louis Burkard from Australia to New Caledonia
No full textLouis Burkard, a Nazi agent residing in New Caledonia between 1936 and 1939, facilitated Germany’s procurement of critical wartime nickel resources. Lauded by Hitler and slated to become the Honorary German Consul in Nouméa, New Caledonia, Burkard would represent Krupp Steel Industries in this overseas French collectivity before his arrest, deportation, and subsequent internment in Australia in 1939. This article uncovers Burkard’s presence in New Caledonia and Australia as a Krupp engineer while demonstrating how Burkard, labelled as one of the Commonwealth’s most dangerous men, helped advance the propagation of Nazism in Australia. Burkard’s presence in New Caledonia not only played a role in the Third Reich’s military rearmament campaign, but also evinced his desire to see the French territory as an overseas space where Nazi Germany’s racial purification theories could be further assessed
Women Invade Band: The History of Women in the Texas Christian University Marching Band
No full textThis paper examines the role of women in the Texas Christian University marching band in its first one hundred years, 1904 to 2004. By analyzing primary sources such as yearbooks, newspapers, and other TCU archives to identify patterns inclusion and exclusion, this study informs a new perspective of the Horned Frog Band's (HFB) history. From its establishment as a male-only military band, the marching band has excluded women from participation as instrumentalists. Instead, the only women involved in marching band in the first forty years were band sweethearts. Band sweethearts, chosen by the bandsmen for their dedication, were highly scrutinized for their physical ability and appearance. It wasn't until World War II that women were able to participate in the HFB because of the lack of available bandsmen. Despite this, women were pushed out of the organization and forced to reside as spirit members rather than instrumentalists after the conclusion of the war. Only when the lack of instrumentalists rose as a problem in 1953 were women finally admitted as full members of the ensemble. While this is earlier than many other schools, who waited until Title IX, women were still not recognized as leaders or outstanding members. The TCU marching band's gender history continued to profoundly impact the structure and organization of the ensemble, as it continues to today
Turnover Factors for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
No full textObjective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence related to occupational turnover factors for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA) in the United States. Introduction: Demand for anesthesia services is increasing dramatically. CRNAs provide a significant number of anesthetics each year and are crucial to accessible anesthesia in the U.S. Understanding occupational turnover factors for CRNAs is vital to providing cost effective, reliable anesthesia services for Americans. Inclusion criteria: Studies relevant to CRNA turnover in the U.S. were included for this review. Due to differences in education, scope of practice, and practice environment, studies involving nurse anesthetists outside the U.S. were excluded. Studies with mixed provider populations including physicians, registered nurses, other advanced practice providers, and students were also excluded. Methods: MEDLINE Complete, Embase, and Google Scholar were sources searched for relevant literature. Studies were only limited to those published in English. No publication date limitations were used. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, with potential papers retrieved for independent review by the authors. Data extraction was conducted independently by the authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data extraction instrument template. Themes identified after data extraction are described in narrative format. Results: After review of the literature, five studies were included for data extraction. All the studies employed electronic or mailed questionnaires. Common factors associated with occupational turnover were compensation, retirement, job satisfaction, and burnout. Conclusions: Findings suggest that occupational turnover factors are multifactorial and include broad concepts such as job satisfaction, burnout, and organizational climate
"Well, shit. what do I do now?": Narrative organizing, inevitable exit, and commodifying athletic identity
No full textLess than 6% of high school athletes continue to compete at the collegiate level. Far fewer advance to compete at the professional level. This study applies a narrative lens to examine the identity formation processes that ex-athletes experience post-exit from the vocation of competitive athletics. Results highlighted how former competitive athletes used the experience of commodification as a primary sensemaking tool for understanding their inevitable exit. The effects of this commodification extend beyond participation within any one organization. Findings suggest that prolonged participation in a vocation underlined by commodification subsumes the VAS experienced during other stages of identity development. That exposure to commodification breaks down other pillars of social identity which leaves individuals with an inability to antenarrate themselves into a future that is removed from the vocation that has commodified them. Finally, the reification of vocational structures tied to totalistic membership has this presence of commodification built into it
The Role of Collective Group Orientation and Social Norms on Physical Distancing Behaviors for Disease Prevention
No full textTo reduce the impact of communicable diseases like COVID-19, collective action is required and likely to be susceptible to normative influence as well as whether people are more or less collectively oriented. We extend the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB) to account for group orientation and predict the relationships between social norms and physical distancing behaviors. Using a rolling cross-sectional design during 17 weeks of the pandemic, a national sample of US residents from 20 states (N = 8,778) participated in the study. The findings show that perceived descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and group orientation are significantly associated with physical distancing. The descriptive norm-behavior relationship and injunctive norm-behavior relationship are moderated by group orientation and the other predicted moderators in the TNSB. The findings extend the TNSB and highlight the need to understand social norms and group orientation in formative research for health communication campaigns designed to promote prevention behaviors
Sunscreens: Potential hazards to environmental and human health
No full textThe increasing demand for natural products in the United States reflects a cultural shift towards health and sustainability. This trend infiltrates consumer sectors such as the sunscreen industry, amidst concerns about health and environmental impacts of chemical ingredients. The Hawaii Sunscreen Ban has intensified sunscreen formula safety discussions, particularly regarding butylparaben, oxybenzone, and octinoxate. Even at low concentrations, these compounds bleach hard corals eventually leading to their death. As well, these chemicals pose threats to marine ecosystems and raise concerns about human health, particularly systemic absorption and the possibility of causing endocrine disruption. While some argue for chemical-based sunscreens for skin cancer prevention, others advocate for mineral-based alternatives that avoid harmful ingredients. However, public opinion on sunscreen varies, influenced by adverse reactions, socioeconomic status, gender, and cultural perceptions. Future studies should explore diverse demographic perspectives and long-term health and environmental impacts of products containing potentially toxic ingredients. As well, effective communication strategies to promote sunscreen safety and encourage sustainable sun protection practices is needed
Dataset: Diet and Methyl Mercury Contamination of Nestling Red-winged Blackbirds
No full textDataset for article: Diet and Methyl Mercury Contamination of Nestling Red-winged Blackbird
Kindling the First Stars. I. Dependence of Detectability of the First Stars with JWST on the Population III Stellar Masses
No full textThe first Population III (Pop III) stars formed out of primordial, metal-free gas, in minihalos at z > 20, and kickstarted the cosmic processes of reionization and enrichment. While these stars are likely more massive than their enriched counterparts, the current unknowns of their astrophysics include when the first Pop III stars ignited, how massive they were, and when and how the era of the first stars ended. Investigating these questions requires an exploration of a multidimensional parameter space, including the slope of the Pop III stellar initial mass function (IMF) and the strength of the nonionizing UV background. In this work, we present a novel model which treats both the slope and maximum mass of Pop III stars as truly free parameters while including the physics of the fragmentation of primordial gas. Our results also hint at a nonuniversal Pop III IMF which is dependent on the efficiency of primordial gas fragmentation. Our relatively simple model reproduces the results from hydrodynamic simulations, but with a computational efficiency which allows us to investigate the observable differences between a wide range of potential Pop III IMFs. In addition, the evolution of the number density of Pop III stars may provide insight into the evolution of the H-2 dissociating background. While the slope of the Pop III IMF does not significantly affect the predicted number density of the first stars, more top-heavy IMFs produce Pop III star clusters which are 2-3 magnitudes brighter than their more bottom-heavy counterparts. While the Pop III star clusters are too dim for direct detection by JWST, we find they are within the reach of gravitational lensing
The relationship between education and job satisfaction among police officers
No full textEducation requirements for police officers have increased since the 1920s and will likely
continue to increase amidst calls for criminal justice reform. The effects of higher education are
well documented, and findings suggest it reduces use of force, involvement in traffic related
accidents, use of sick time, and even racial prejudice. This study aimed to add to the body of
research in a different regard, by examining the effect education has on officers’ job satisfaction.
Education showed to be significant at the bivariate level with both current job satisfaction and
the change in job satisfaction. At the bivariate level, education was statistically significant with
respect to current job satisfaction and change in job satisfaction. At the multivariate level,
education no longer exerted a significant effect on job satisfaction. Rank and experience were
found to be statistically significant. Recommendations for policy implications and directions for
future research are also discussed
Defying Definition: Tracing the Sociological, Historical, and Legislative Evolution of Drag
No full textDrag has long been misunderstood and difficult to define, especially by those seeking to restrict it. In light of recent legislative attempts to criminalize drag, this paper attempts to answer the question, "How have the sociological, legislative, and historical trajectories surrounding drag influenced its current cultural and legal status?" Through an academic deep-dive through history, this question aims to illuminate the true essence of drag an understanding often overlooked or misunderstood by those in opposition. Though the art of drag has been evolving for thousands of years, its impact cannot be fully encapsulated in a simple definition: drag is different and unique for every person who partakes. Understanding the complexity and nuance of drag is crucial in challenging misinformed perceptions and advocating for the widespread acceptance of this art form